The document summarizes a student's thesis proposal on fabricating and comparing the mechanical properties of hybrid glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites using epoxy resin with and without epoxy modifiers. The objectives are to fabricate GFRP using hand lay-up with epoxy resin and glass fibers with and without titanium dioxide modifier, and test the tensile, flexural, and shear strengths of the materials. Literature on using epoxy modifiers to improve mechanical properties of epoxy/fiber composites and vibration assisted machining of carbon fiber composites is reviewed. The methodology involves fabricating GFRP with and without modifiers, mechanical testing, and comparing results.

1. Supervisor: Presentation by-
Er. Rahul Mehra Lovedeep Menon
1270299
Batch-2012
Production Engg.
SYNOPSIS
PRESENTATION

2. Fabrication and comparison of
mechanical properties of hybrid GFRP
using epoxy modifiers and its
optimization using conventional
method
TOPIC PROPOSED FOR THESIS

3. Objectives of the Thesis Work
 Fabrication of GFRP using epoxy (Araldite AY
903) as polymer adhesive and glass fibre using
hand lay up method with and without epoxy
modifier. Modifier used will be titanium oxide
(TiO2).
 Tensile strength test of fabricated materials.
 Flexural and inter-laminar shear strength test of
both the fabricated materials.
 SEM micrograph of both materials
 Conventional machining of fabricated
materials

4. Introduction to FRP
Fibre Reinforced Plastics (FRP) is the generic term
for a uniquely versatile family of composites used in
everything from chemical plant to luxury power
boats. A structure typically consists of an
unsaturated polyester (UP) resin applied to a mould
in combination with reinforcement, most commonly
glass fibre, to form a part that is rigid, highly durable
and low in weight.

5.  Light weight
 High strength-to-weight ratio (kilo-for-
kilo it’s stronger than steel)
 Design freedom
 High levels of stiffness
 Chemical resistance
 Good electrical insulating properties
 Retention of dimensional stability
across a wide range of temperatures
PROPERTIES OF FRP

6. Composition of the FRP
FRP materials are materials made of two or more
constituent materials having different physical or
chemical properties. When they are combined they
produce a material with significantly different
properties from the individual components.
Individual components remain distinct within the
finished product. Major constituent of frp are fibre
and polymer.

7. Application of FRP
 Building and construction
 Marine industry
 Transportation
 Chemical plant and pipes
 Aeronautical and Space industry

8. Hand lay-up is the simplest and oldest open moulding
method of the composite fabrication processes. It is a low
volume, labour intensive method suited especially for large
components, such as boat hulls. Glass or other reinforcing
mat or woven fabric or roving is positioned manually in the
open mould, and resin is poured, brushed, or sprayed over
and into the glass plies. Entrapped air is removed manually
with squeegees or rollers to complete the laminates
structure. Room temperature curing polyesters and epoxies
are the most commonly used matrix resins. Curing is
initiated by a catalyst in the resin system, which hardens
the fibre reinforced resin composite without external heat.
For a high quality part surface, a pigmented gel coat is first
applied to the mould surface
HAND LAY UP METHOD

10. POLYMER (EPOXY)
They are linear polymers produced by
condensing epichlorhydrin with bis-phenol A
.They are versatile resins, offering particularly
excellent resistance to corrosion (solvents,
alkalis and some acids), high strength/weight
ratio, dimensional stability and adhesion
properties. They differ from polyesters and
vinyl esters in that they do not contain any
volatile monomer component. Different resins
are produced by varying the ratios of the
components Epoxy resins are characterised by
their very good electrical properties and
chemical resistance, good strength and low
absorption of moisture

11.  Fibre is a natural or synthetic string
used as a component of composite
materials. Fibres are often used in
manufacturing of other materials.
Strongest engineering materials often
incorporate fibre.
 Synthetic fibres are cheaper than the
natural fibre and can be produced in
large amount but natural fibre.
FIBRE

12. Literature Review
 Effect of epoxy modifiers (Al2O2/SiO2/TiO2) on mechanical performance of
epoxy/glass fibre hybrid composites
Ramesh K. Nayak et.al (2014)
•Mechanical properties like ILSS,
flexural strength and flexural modulus
are more in case of SiO2 modified
epoxy composite compare to other
fillers.
• Improvement of mechanical
properties increases with decrease in
ceramic particle size.
• Alumina modified epoxy composite
increases the hardness and impact
energy compare to other
modifiers
•Fabrication of hybrid FRP composite
using epoxy modifiers
(Al2O3/SiO2/TiO2)
•DSC analysis
• Micro-hardness test
• Flexural and Inter-laminar Shear
Strength test
•SEM analysis
Experimentation Results and Findings

13. Literature Review
Vibration Assisted Machining of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers
Friedrich Bleicher et.al (2013)
•Vibration assisted machining with
uncoated solid carbide tools with
geometrical defined blades can
improve the fraying behaviour of
conventional drilling and milling
processes.
• Drilling is mostly improved by
superposing the conventional cutting
conditions with a circular vibration
with a frequency of 100 Hz and
amplitude of 2 μm.
• Faying in the milling process can
mainly be reduced by vibrations in
feed direction and in a circular way.
• Fraying is furthermore observed in
the upward milling area.
Vibration assisted machining is used.
vibration characteristics like form, frequency
and amplitude should be analysed to find out
how they affect the fraying behaviour in
milling and drilling processes with uncoated
solid carbide tools (VHM). Frequencies up to
300 Hz and amplitudes up to 4 μm are used
for the experiments
Experimentation Results and Findings

14. METHODOLOGY

15. Experimental flow
chart
•Glass fibre ,Epoxy( Unsaturated polyester resin)
and Epoxy modifiers(SiO2,TiO2,Al2O3)
Material &
Tool Input
Fabrication of GFRP with and without using
epoxy modifiers
Experimentation
Prepration of specimens for mechanical testing
Mechanical testing
Tensile strength test
Flexular strength test
Impact Test
Comparisons b/w the results of tests for all the
specimens with conclusions

16. THANK YOU