The document summarizes a study on hybrid composite beams using woven roving mat. Four composite beams were tested: conventional beams, beams wrapped with glass fiber (WRM), beams wrapped with coir fiber, and sandwich beams wrapped with both glass and coir fiber (WRM). Testing found that the flexural strength was significantly improved for the wrapped beams compared to the conventional beams, with the sandwich beams showing the highest strength. The study aimed to spread awareness of fiber composites in construction and utilize cheaply available coir fiber.

1. STUDY OF HYBRID COMPOSITE USING
WOVEN ROVING MAT
• PROJECT MEMBERS
V.Anand babu
S.Ashok
P.Kathiravan
N.Udhaya kumar
• PROJECT GUIDE
Mrs.V.Senthil Selvi M.E

2. ABSTRACT
From the 19th century the study of versatility of
fibers and its applications in different branches of
engineering is came to light , particularly in civil
engineering as a construction material. From
which wrapping techniques is one of the
upcoming topics of interest.
The aim of this project is to spread awareness
of fibers as a construction material in civil
engineering. And also Effective utillization of coir
fiber which is cheaply available in our zone
(Ramnad).

3. • The experimental test on the RCC beams for flexural
behavior using continuous hybrid fibre reinforced
polymer (GFRP) sheets are carried out. Externally the
GFRP(WRM),CFRP(COIR) sheets fibers were wrapped
over RCC beams with epoxy were tested to failure
using a symmetrically two point loading system. Four
sets of beams were tested for this project. First
type, the three ordinary (conventional) beams. Then
glass type, and next three for coir, and out of three for
sand wich.

4. INTRODUCTION
 HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Fibers have been used as reinforcement since
ancient times.
• Historically, horsehair was used in mortar and
straw in mud bricks.
• In the early 1900s, asbestos fibers were used in
concrete.
• By the 1960s, steel, glass (GFRC), and synthetic
fibers such as polypropylene fibers were used in
concrete, and research into new fiber reinforced
concretes continues today.

5.  FIBRE COMPOSITE
• Composite is when two or more different materials are
combined together to create a superior and unique
material.
 HYBRID COMPOSITE
• Hybrid composites are materials made by combining
two or more different type of fibres in common matrix.
• They offer a range of properties that cannot be
obtained with a single type of reinforcement.
• The hybridization of two types short fibres having
different lengths and diameters offers some advantages
over each fibre alone being used in a single polymer
matrix.

6.  ADVANTAGE OF COMPOSITE
• Corrosion resistance
• Light weight
• High strength
• Fast installation
• Large pre-fabricated parts
• Easy to install and transport as well.
 APPLICATION OF COMPOSITE
• This is a leading manufacturer for Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP)
bridge decks, bridge superstructures etc.,
• It’s are also some of the popular composite material, used in
industries for aerospace.

7. FIBERS
• Fibers are the principal constituents in a
fiber -reinforced composite material .
• Proper selection of the fiber type, fiber
volume fraction , fiber length, and fiber
orientation is very important.

8.  TYPES OF FIber
Natural fiber
Synthetic fiber
 Natural fiber
• The interest in natural fiber-reinforced polymer
composite materials is rapidly growing both in terms of
their industrial applications and fundamental research.
• They are renewable, cheap, completely or partially
recyclable, and biodegradable.
• Plants, such as
flax, cotton, hemp, jute, sisal, kenaf, pineapple, bambo
o, banana, etc.,

9. COIR FIBRE

10. COCONUT FIBRES

11. WOVEN COIR FABRIC ROLL

12. Advantages of Natural Fiber
Composites
• Low specific weight, resulting in a higher specific
strength and stiffness than glass fiber.
• It is a renewable source, the production requires
little energy, and CO2 is used while oxygen is given
back to the environment.

13. Synthetic fibre
• Synthetic fibres are man-made fibres

14. PROPERTIES OF ARTIFICIAL FIBRES
• Artificial fibres are divided into cellulose fibres
(derived from wood or cotton) and synthetic fibres.
• Microfibre clothing is skin-friendly, containing no
allergenic substances. The open air channels in
microfibres guarantee a healthy exchange of heat
and moisture.
• Microfibres do not absorb moisture, they conduct it
away from the skin. This property is particularly
important in high-quality sportswear.

15. CARBON FIBRE

19. STEEL FIBRES

21. Types of Resins
Epoxy resins : since they are less porous than the rest of
the available types and present a remarkable ability to
cover fillings. They are the most expensive type of
resins.
Polyester resins :. On the contrary, they are more suitable
for GRP boats. They are the cheapest ones.
Vinyl ester resins: They offer more effective moisture
protection than the polyesters, and a more reasonable
price than the epoxies, although the latter are
considered to be the top in moisture resistance. Vinyl
ester resins also present great mechanical properties;
they are tougher and more flexible than polyesters.

22. Basic Ingredients of Concrete
1.Cement – It is the basic binding material in concrete.
2. Water – It hydrates cement and also makes concrete
Workable.
3. Coarse Aggregate – It is the basic building component of
concrete.
4. Fine Aggregate – Along with cement paste it forms mortar grout
and fills the voids in the coarse aggregates.
5. Admixtures – They enhance certain properties of concrete
e.g.gain of strength, workability, Imperviousness etc.

23. LITRATURE REVIEW
• S.M. Sapuan*, M.N.M. Zan, E.S. Zainudin and
Prithvi Raj Arora, Department of Mechanical and
Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra
Malaysia, Malaysia,31 March 2005.
Tensile and flexural strengths for the coconut
spathe-fibrereinforced composite ranged from
7.9 to 11.6 MPa and from 25.6 to 67.2 MPa
respectively, implying that the tensile strength of
coconut spathe-fibre is inferior to other natural
fibres such as cotton, coconut coir and banana
fibres. Used by INSTRON Material Test System

24.  M. A. A. Saafan, Czech Technical University in
Prague, Acta Polytechnica Vol. 46 No. 1/2006
Using the hand lay-up technique, successive
layers of a woven fiber glass fabric were bonded
along the shear span to increase the shear
capacity and to avoid catastrophic premature
failure modes. The test results of 18 beams are
reported. The results indicated that significant
increases in the shear strength and improvements
in the overall structural behavior of beams with
insufficient shear capacity could be achieved by
proper application of GFRP wraps.

25.  N. Pannirselvam, V. Nagaradjane and
K.Chandramouli, ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, NOVEMBER 2009 .
Beams bonded with four different types of Glass
Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) having 3.50 mm
thickness were used. The study parameters of this
investigation included first crack load, yield
load, ultimate load, first crack deflection, yield
deflection, ultimate deflection, of the test beams.
The performance of FRP plated beams was
compared with that of un plated beam. The test
results showed that the beams strengthened with
GFRP exhibited better performance.

26.  A. Yusof & A. L. Saleh, Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia , Malaysia March 2003.
Seven timber beams of Yellow Meranti species
with the dimensions of 100 × 200 × 3000 mm
were tested. One of the beams was used as a
control beam (unstrengthened)while the
remaining six beams were strengthened to used
glass fibre ,before tested to failure under four
point loading.The ultimate load has increased
between 20 -30% for the strengthened beams
when compared to the control beam

27. METHODOLOGY
• Preparation of M25 concrete beam
• Wrapped with fibre composite
• Study of stress strain behaviour of composite
beam with conventional beam.

28. SPECIMEN DETAILS
BEAM SAMPLES TYPES
3 BEAMS FOR CONVENSIONAL
3 BEAM FOR COIR FIBRE( WRAPING)
3 BEAM FOR GLASS FIBRE( WRAPING) (WRM)
3 BEAM FOR SANDWITCH (BOTH COIR & GLASS FIBRE)
(WRM)

29. GLASS FIBER (WRM)

30. COIR FIBRE

31. PRELIMINARY TEST ON CONCRETE
• Specific gravity of fine aggregate
• Specific gravity of coarse aggregate
• Specific gravity of cement
• Water absorption
a)coarse aggregate
b)fine aggregate
• Sieve analysis of coarse and fine aggregate

32. DETERMINATION OF QUANTITY OF MATERIALS
REQUIRED FOR CONCRETE BEAM
Volume of beam mould = 0.50x0.IOx0.10
= 0.005 m3
For 1 m3 of concrete required = 479 kg of
cement
Hence 0.005 m3 of concrete required
= 479 x 0.005
= 2.395 kg

33. For M 25 mix design:
Cement = 2.395 kg
Fine Aggregate = 2.395 kg
Coarse Aggregate = 4.79 kg
Water = 0.4 x 2395
= 958 ml

34. REINFORCEMENT DETAILS
• Fe 415
Main bar diameter is 8mm.
Stirrups bar diameter is 6mm.

35. DEMOULDED BEAMS

36. TESTING
• The testing procedure for the entire specimen
was same. After the curing period 28 days was
over.
• The most commonly used load arrangement
for testing of beams will consist of two point
loading system.
• Enabling bending capacity of the central
portion to be assessed .
• The two points loads to measure deflection of
the beam.

37. METHOD OF WRAPPING FIBRES USING
EPOXY RESIN
• Here, the fibres were bonded to the
specimens by hand layup technique. The
surface of the specimen was slightly chipped
so as to form good bond with the resin. The
mixer of resin and hardener poured over the
entire cleaned surface of the specimen.

38. BONDING TECHNIQUES
• The surface was repaired to the required
standard, the epoxy resin was mixed in
accordance with manufacture instructions.
Mixing was carried out in a plastic and
continued until mixture was in uniform color.
When his was completed and the fabric had
been cut to size. The epoxy resin was applied to
the concrete. Then the second layer of epoxy
resin was applied GFRP,CFRP sheet was then
placed on top of the epoxy resin coating

39. BEAM WRAPPED BY GLASS FIBER

40. • These operation was carried out at room
temperature. Concrete beam strengthened
with glass and coir fabric were cured for 24
hours at room temperature before testing.

41. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• INITIAL AND ULTIMATE CRACKING LOADS OF
VARIOUS BEAMS
TYPE OF BEAM INITIAL CRACKING(KN) ULTIMATE LOAD(KN)
CO 21.33 38.33
GL(WRM) 53.9 61.8
COI 57.45 61
HY(WRM) 60.5 75

42. • INTIAL CRACKING LOADS FOR VARIOUS BEAM
70
60
50
40
30 57.45 60.5
53.9
20
LOAD 10 21.33
(KN) 0
CO GL INTIALCRACKING COI HY
TYPE OF BEAM

43. • ULTIMATE LOADS FOR VARIOUS BEAMS
80
70
60
50
40
75
LOAD 30 61.8 61
20
(KN) 38.33
10
0
CO COI GL HY
ULTIMATE LOAD
TYPE OF BEAM

44. • LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE FOR CO AND
COI-BEAMS
70
60
50
LOAD 40 CONVEN
(KN) 30
20
COIR
10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
DEFLECTION(MM)

45. LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE FOR CO
AND GL-BEAMS
70
60
50
40
CONVEN GLASS
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6

46. LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE FOR GL
AND COI-BEAMS
70
60
50
GLASS
40
30
COIR
20
LOAD(KN) 10
0
0 2 4 6 8 10
DEFLECTION (MM)

47. LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE FOR CO
AND HY-BEAMS
90
80
LOAD 70
60 CONVEN
(KN) 50
40 HYBRID
30
20
10
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
DEFLECTION (MM)

48. LOAD Vs DEFLECTION CURVE FOR GL
AND HY-BEAMS
90
80
70
60
50 GLASS
LOAD 40
30 HYBRID
(KN) 20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
DEFLECTION(MM)

49. CONCLUSION
• The flexural strength of GL (WRM)-BEAMS
was found to be significantly improved when
compared with the CON-BEAMS.
• The flexural strength of HY (WRM)-BEAMS
was found to be significantly improved when
compared with the CON-BEAMS.
• The flexural strength of COI-BEAMS was
found to be significantly improved when
compared with the GL (WRM)-BEAMS.

50. • The flexural strength of HY (WRM)-BEAMS
was found to be significantly improved when
compared with the GL (WRM)-BEAMS.
• The flexural strength of HY (WRM)-BEAMS
was found to be significantly improved when
compared with the COI-BEAMS.
• The flexural strength of HY (WRM)-BEAMS
was found to be significantly improved when
compared with the COI, GL(WRM) AND CON-
BEAMS

51. REFERENCE
 S.M. Sapuan*, M.N.M. Zan, E.S. Zainudin and
Prithvi Raj Arora, Journal of Tropical
Agriculture 43 (1-2): 63-65, 2005 (Tensile and
flexural strengths of coconut spathe-fibre
reinforced epoxy composites)
 M. A. A. Saafan, Acta Polytechnica Vol 46, jan 2006
(Shear Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beams
Using GFRP Wraps)

52.  Al-Sulaimani, G. J., Sharif, A., Basunbul, I.
A., Baluch, M. H.,Ghaleb, B. N, ACI Structural
Journal,Vol. 91, MARCH 1994, (Shear Repair for
Reinforced Concrete by Fiber glass Plate Bonding)
 Majid Ali, Second international conference on
sustainable construction materials and
technologies, JUNE 30,2010, (Coconut Fibre – A
Versatile Material and its Applications in
Engineering)

53. Thank you