FIBER SELECTION
Factors to consider when choosing glass type include thermal properties; fiber cost, type of manufacturing process being used, and forms of reinforcement
FIBER SELECTION
Factors to consider when choosing glass type include thermal properties; fiber cost, type of manufacturing process being used, and forms of reinforcement
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Composite Materials: A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. The two constituents of a composite are a reinforcement and a matrix.
Matrix: The continuous phase is the matrix, made of polymer, metal, or ceramic.
Reinforcement: A strong, inert, woven and nonwoven fibrous material incorporated into the matrix to improve its mechanical and physical properties. For example, fibers, whiskers, particulate etc.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
The important points of composite materials are mentioned. This file includes, what is composite materials, its classifications, applications, advantages and disadvantages.
Composite Materials: A composite material can be defined as a combination of two or more materials that results in better properties than those of the individual components used alone. The two constituents of a composite are a reinforcement and a matrix.
Matrix: The continuous phase is the matrix, made of polymer, metal, or ceramic.
Reinforcement: A strong, inert, woven and nonwoven fibrous material incorporated into the matrix to improve its mechanical and physical properties. For example, fibers, whiskers, particulate etc.
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) possess significantly improved properties including highspecific strength; specific modulus, damping capacity and good wear resistance compared to unreinforced alloys. There has been an increasing interest in composites containing low density and low cost reinforcements. Among various discontinuous dispersoids used, fly ash is one of the most inexpensive and low density reinforcement available in large quantities as solid waste by-product during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Hence, composites with fly ash as reinforcement are likely to overcome the cost barrier for wide spread applications in automotive and small engine applications.
properties and application of technical textile fibersShahriar Shovon
Technical fiber or High functional fibers
High functional fibers are those, which have high technical properties based on the end uses. The properties are high tensile strength, high modulus, good chemical resistance, high dimensional stability, low thermal resistance.
Carbon fibers in automotive and aircraft applicationsrohannaik42
Carbon fibers have several advantages including high stiffness, high tensile strength, low weight, high chemical resistance, high temperature tolerance and low thermal expansion. These properties have made carbon fiber very popular in aerospace, civil engineering, military, and motor sports, along with other competition sports.
This document is a research paper about the usage of composite material in aerospace technology. Particularly our focus has been on the used of Kevlar in aerospace vehicles.
The design, manufacture and applications of fibre composites in space and aerospace has become one of the most predominant aspects in present-day textiles.
The applications of fibre composites in
space suits for launch and space walks
require zero defect performance.
They are made from PBI non-flammable
high performance fibres, which require
air purifying, cooling and pressurising
systems, so that the suit should be
thermal resistant and thermal insulated
Modern aerospace industry is highly progressive and polymer composite materials have a positive and significant impact on it. At least 30-40 percent of modern airframes are now made of these composites, and this percentage is increasing rapidly due to technological advances in this field. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials are fast gaining ground as preferred materials for construction of aircrafts and space crafts. This review paper demonstrates brief about the components of polymer composites, its properties and its uses in aerospace industries. Polymer composites are highly efficient and environment friendly. Traditional materials are susceptible to fatigue and corrosion when composite materials provide resistance to both of this along with its significant amount of weight reduction. Due to high strength and stiffness of its fiber, polymer composite provides high “strength to weight” & “stiffness to weight” ratios. Apart from this, they possess good shear properties and low density .As a result, new generation aerospace engineers and aircraft designers are turning to polymer composite materials to make their flying vehicle and aircraft lighter, stronger and of course more fuel efficient. A brief introduction of composites usage in aerospace sector is given first. The nature of Polymer composite materials and special problems in designing and working with them are then highlighted. The advantages and disadvantages of polymer composites in aviation sector is discussed.
Link for Related Research Paper: http://www.ijert.org/view-pdf/16992/polymer-composites-in-aviation-sector
Intro to Quality Control with Tutorial on using StatgraphicsHany G. Amer
This ppt gives an overview over quality control and gives a small tutorial on how to create different quality control charts using Statgraphics software.
This PPT defines what is lean manufacturing , its history , and its application.
It also covers how we could apply lean manufacturing in our daily lives.
Self driving cars are the future and we must be ready for it whether we like it or not.
This ppt covers self driving cars and the latest technology used in them
Laser Beam Manufacturing- Non Conventional machining Hany G. Amer
Laser beam manufacturing is used for manufacturing difficult parts that cant be done using conventional machining methods.
This ppt covers the advantages and disadvantages of using LBM.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
20. Raw Materials :
A bulletproof vest consists of a panel, a vest-
shaped sheet of advanced plastics polymers that is
composed of many layers of either Kevlar, Spectra
Shield
The layers of woven Kevlar are sewn together using
Kevlar thread, while the nonwoven Spectra Shield
is coated and bonded with resins such as Kraton
Army Applications : Bullet Proof Vest
21. The Manufacturing Process :
1. To make Kevlar, the polymer poly-para-phenylene
terephthalamide must first be produced in the laboratory.
This is done through a process known as polymerization,
2. The resultant crystalline liquid with polymers in the shape
of rods is then extruded through a spinneret (a small metal
plate full of tiny holes that looks like a shower head) to
form Kevlar yarn.
3. The Kevlar fiber then passes through a cooling bath to help
it harden. After being sprayed with water, the synthetic
fiber is wound onto rolls.
4. The Kevlar manufacturer then typically sends the fiber to
throwsters, who twist the yarn to make it suitable for
weaving.
5. To make Kevlar cloth, the yarns are woven in the simplest
pattern, plain or tabby weave, which is merely the over and
under pattern of threads that interlace alternatively.
Army Applications : Bullet Proof Vest
22. Its made out of an ultra-high-
molecular- weight polyethylene
(UHMWPE) fiber
Army Applications : Spectra Shield
24. Aerospace Applications : Satellites
The Properties Materials Need to Function in Space:
1. Dimensional Stability
2. Environment Stability
3. Strength and Stiffness
4. Versatile and unique in their integrity
5. Economically Viable (weight)
25. Chemical Composition :
Kevlar is simply a super-strong plastic , It is made of
paraphenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride.
This combination creates aramid threads that are dissolved and
then spun into regular fibers, which are woven into fabrics.
The matrix for high performance composites is usually epoxy
resin.
Aerospace Applications : Kevlar
Tensile
Strength = 3,620
MPa
26. Advantages :
• maintains its strength and resilience down to cryogenic temperatures (−196 °C)
• High tensile strength-to-weight ratio (5 times stronger than steel)
• Can resist attacks from many different chemicals
Disadvantages :
• it has very poor compressive strength
Aerospace Applications : Kevlar
28. Construction Applications : Chemical Composition of FRP
Fiber-reinforced plastic is a composite material
made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres.
Reinforcement material :
• Glass fibers
• Natural fibers
• Carbon fibers
Particulate material :
• Sand, talc and other fillers
• Color chips
• Recycled glass
31. Construction Applications : Advantages of Composites
• Design Flexibility
• Corrosion Resistance
• High Strength to Weight
• Low Thermal & Electrical Conductivity
• Control of Water & Moisture
Holds water in or keeps water out
Does not rot, swell, rust, or spall
• High Durability
• Support sustainable building programs
We rely on satellites and structures in space for communications more than ever before. They help provide us with television pictures, telephone calls and a wide variety of communication signals, whilst surviving the hostile environment of space.
The materials used in space are, more often than not, the most advanced materials that humans have created and we are constantly researching and creating new and improved materials.
1- An Object that is continually moving in and out of the sun’s direct heat is in constant temperature flux, which can cause it to expand and contract. As a result, scientists consider a material’s ability to maintain its size and shape despite temperature changes.
2-the material can remain stable in despite the presence of radiation and the vacuum of space.
3-The launch alone can put a material under up to three times the force of gravity, meaning that each component will weigh up to three times as much as it would on Earth. The material must maintain its integrity and not break or bend under immense forces or the satellite will not function once it reaches space.