1. History of Industrial Design
Benjamin Camarillo
Ben.Camarillo@gmail.com
A brief summary of all the different artistic
movements that marked our history. As we can see
in this paper, it’s clear that art is a great influence in
Industrial Design; shapes, colors, contrasts all form
part of the visual stimulation that gives form to the
objects around us.
2. Arts & Crafts
This movement was created as an
attempt to increase the status of
craftmanship. It also help rise the
position of the decorative arts that came
after the Industrial Revolution.
The movement was inspired by
simplicity, quality craftmanship and
good design. Those who said they
belong to the Arts and Crafts movement
said that the Industrial Revolution
eliminated any creative outlet and
uniqueness from society. Their main
goal was to create a link between the
product and the maufacturer in order to
restore what was lost in
mass-production.
3. Arts & Crafts
Ernest Gimson
English furniture designer and architect.
Was considered to be the greatest of the
English architect-designers. His interests
included the craft techniques, textures and
surfaces, detailed illustrations and simple
building processes.
His furniture is
considered a
prime achieve-
ment of its time
and can be seen in
the most important
colections of the
decorative arts in
Britain and the US.
4. Arts & Crafts
William Morris
English writer, social reformer, designer and
artist who tried to renew the culture by
recapturing the spirit of the arts and crafts.
As a desiger and craftsman his work was a
great influence in the design of books,
printing art, visual arts and industrial desigh
of the XIX century.
His social ideality, somewhat
utopian, was left in
theoretical writings and
novels like “News from
nowere”.
5. Art Nouveau
Born in Paris and later moving towards
Belgium, Art Nouveau was created in
1875 with the purpose of being a
decorative style. It’s popularity declined
when the First World War started.
As we can see in their different
expressions, their principal form of
inspiration is nature, especially
plant-shaped forms. These shapes are
often seen in metal structures and
ornaments of iron.
6. Art Nouveau
Antoni Gaudí
Spanish architect who was the
biggest representative of catalán
modernism. many people agree that
he had a born sense of geometry
and volume, as with a big
imaginative capacity that allowed
him to mentally project most of his
works before placing them on blue
prints. Actually he very rarely made
blue prints of his works, as he
prefered to recreate them on 3D
models.
7. Art Nouveau
Victor Horta
His frst great work, the Hotel Tassel
in Brussels, already showed his main
subjects that he would eventually
develop: Visible iron structures and
special attention to the ornament of
every element.
He supervised the interior decoration
of all of his buildings, including the
furniture design, making sure doors,
stairs and windows had his obvious
vegetable inspiration showing a
whip-like movement.
8. Art Decó
This movement started at the time the
Industrial Revolution was stablished.
SOme peolpe say it’s a reflexion of this
period of time, while others say that its
the way art became to be also
industrialized, as with the rest of the
world.
It’s main goal is to accentuate the
materials and its textures, as well as the
straight lines and geometric shapes. Art
Deco is a clear message that man has
conquered the world around them, and
instead of emulating natural shapes,
they abstract and simplify them in order
to make them “mass produceable”.
9. Art Decó
Raymond Hood
Architect that worked on the Art Decó at the
middle of the XX century. When he was
studying in Paris he met John Mead
Howells, with whom he eventually became
an asociate. He also used the help of the
sculptor Rene Paul Chambellan to create
the scrulptures of his buildings.
10. Art Decó
Tamara de Lempicka
Her artwork focuses on femenine paintings
and both male and female nudity. Following
the Art Decó trend, she painted ethereal
figures with floating cloathing and long
features, giving a sculpture type of feeling.
Her most important influences are Boticelli,
Bronzino, Manierism in general and Cubism.
11. Bauhaus
Founded in Germany in 1919, Walter
Gropius created the first school of
design and architecture. With a war on
context, the school’s primary goal was
to help create a world in a more
simplified way. It also marked the
turning point to include functionality in
design.
Bauhaus second intention was to create
more artistic everyday objects like
radios and orange sqweezers so that
they could really reach all of the
possible users. They believed that the
conection between the designer and the
user should be really tight: function
over form.
12. Bauhaus
Ludwig Mies Van der Rohe
His artistic orientations varied a lot during his period, even though he still
remained his innovative touch for his constructions.
He started shaping amazing houses, he became well known for his
spectacular buildings, like the apartment building “Weissenhofsiedlung”
located in Stuttgart, Germany.
13. Bauhaus
Hannes Meyer
He saw buildings as a basic
process that takes into account
the biological, mental, spiritual
and physical needs of life. A very
complete panorama that goes
through everything.
He focused more on living
facilities and, if we look closely
into his work, we can notice how
he’s main goal is to create a
living environment were simple
everyday life things such as
ventilation, smells and simple
conversations are taken into
account.
14. Futurism
Filippo Marinetti created this movement
with the intention of, like the name says,
forgetting the old classical design and
give birth to a new movement that
reflected the more technologically
advanced society we have created.
A movement that started in Italy in the
beginning of the XX century, it always
reflected the new characteristics of
modern society: fast manufacturng
processes and a more “design aware”
user.
15. Futurism
Carlo Carrà
At age twelve, he left his house to work as a
murallist. In 1899 he moved to Paris to work
on several pavilions for the Universla
Exposition. He spent a few years in London
were he stayed in touch with some italian
anarchists that, like many other artsts of his
time, eventually learned the basics of
anarchy, socialism and tried to express
them in his paintings. He went back to Milan
at 1901 were he entered the Accademia di
Brera, were he studied with Cesare Tallone.
In 1910 he started a pictoric era which was
the most famous of the artist.
16. Futurism
Umberto Boccioni
In his artworks, Boccioni new
how to express the movement of
the shapes and the movement of
the materials.
Even though he was influenced
by Cubism, which he hated a lot,
Boccioi avoided always straight
lines and he used
complementary colours to
create a vibrating effect.
17. Postmodernism
As the name describes it,
Postmodernism was looking to replace
the different aspects of Modernism.
While also focusing on trying to guide
society through their designs,
Postmodernism focused more on
society and the context of the objects or
works of art.
This movement emerged after the end of
the Cold War, and it’s a reflection of the
rapid changing of society itself. Their
primary object was the people, and the
world around were they developed.
18. Postmodernism
Le Corbusier
Besides being a great architect and
painter, he was a great theorical of
architecture. He wrote several books
in which he showed his ideas
through proyects of his own.
He also knew that, besides knowing
how to create good buildings, it was
necessary to know how to explain
them and transmit his message to
the rest of the people, both teachers
and students. He also worked with
great perfection the task of
publishing his own artwork.
19. Postmodernism
Walter Gropius
Gropius buildings reflected the
most pure style of Bauhaus,
because they were built with
new materials which provides
him with a modern aspect
unknown at that time.
His façades are flat and with
very clear lines and it lacks of
unnecessary ornamental
elements. With this, Gropius has
been one of the creators of the
so called “international style” in
architecture.
20. Minimalism
The movemet’s primary goal was to
minimize at most the basic
components. The most important thing
is to reduce any object to the least
number of components. Only the
essential, and working around it.
Solid colors, geometric shapes and
few components created with the now
available industrial technologies of the
60’s is how the Minimalists tried to give
a message: Trying to unite all of the
different aspects of the other older
movements like context, simplicity,
everyday life and beauty.
21. Minimalism
Donald Judd
He’s a minimalist because in his designs
he seeks autonomy and clarity for the
constructed objects and the space
created by it.
The contrast of colors with the unity of
straight lines creates a nice balance
differentiation in his artworks.
22. Minimalism
Robert Morris
Is also a minimalist artst because of how he
uses simple curves and waves in his
sculptures.
His instalations have an inverse effect of
Donald Judd. Instead, he uses unity of
colors in contrast with likes. While the lines
are pretty simple, they tend to be in various
directions, breaking with the ballance of
simetry.
