This document provides an overview of architectural styles and movements from ancient Greece and Rome to modern times. It discusses the evolution from Greek and Roman styles to Gothic and Renaissance architecture and the influences of industrialization like train stations and the Crystal Palace. Later movements highlighted include Art Nouveau, Bauhaus, functionalism, organic architecture, and international style pioneered by Le Corbusier. Important architects and buildings from each period are mentioned.

1. Modern architecture.
• Our everyday life is conditioned to a significant degree by the
architecture that surrounds us each day.
• French revolution-1789
• Hence, will be studying architectural styles in europe.
• Greek architecture
• Roman architecture
• Byzantine architecture
• Early christian architecture
• Romanesque architecture
• Gothic architecture
• Renaissance architecture
• Baroque and rococco architecture.

2. Why does a style change…
• Vitruvian triad- Utilitas, Venustas, Firmitas
• Norman’s three levels of design-Visceral,

3. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
•Within a short time railway stations were
springing up, palatial buildings of ever
greater size and splendor, which because
of the amount of space they took up,
were placed on the edge of the town.
•Prestigious parliament buildings- houses
of parliament in london

4. • Joseph paxton’s crystal palace- world
exhibition 5 aisled hall- 600m long, 120m
wide, 34m high
• Enclosed enormous space only by glass
and iron members
• Interesting- spatial experience and first
building to be constructed using pre-
fabricated and standardized elements
exclusively
• This was a pioneering achievement.
• Erected in 17 weeks- prefab,
standardization
Gustave eiffel- tower in 1889, ht
inconceivable at the time- 300m high-
Eiffel tower

5. • Henri labrouste- bibliothe sainte
• Used iron in the columns- slim elegant forms
made possible by the use of this material (steel)
• Monumental public building- library in which iron
was used on a consistent basis.

6. • ART AND CRAFT MOVEMENT-
WILLIAM MORRIS, PHILIP
WEBB, JOHN RUSKIN
• Reaction against the machine
• Re-established craftsmanship
over the mass production of
industry.
• Truth to the nature of material
and method of production
• Stood for the artisans and
traditional craftsmen.
• Totally discarded new
techniques.
• BUILDINGS LOOK LIKE A BARN-
CHIMNEYS,PITCHED ROOFS.

7.  ART NOUVEAU- FRANCE, JUGENDSTIL-
GERMANY, MODERN STYLE-EUROPE,
STILE LIBERTY-ITALY, MODERNISMO-
SPAIN – VICTOR HORTA, ANTONIO
GAUDI, JOSEF HOFFMAN
 PEOPLE TURNED TO MODELS
PROVIDED BY NATURE-translated the
crooked lines of a tree or the petals of a
bud into a new formal language of
ornamentation.
 HOTEL TASSEL- curving door handles,
vegetal sweeps of the banister, slender
iron pillars,and coiling pattern of the
mosaic floor.

8. • HECTOR GUIMARD- Entrance to
metro station-moulded iron in a
wide spectrum of floral shapes.
• ANTONIO GAUDI-CASA BATLLO,
CASA MILA-ground floor- pillars
like elephants’ feet, weird window
openings on the first floor-
mouths of pre-historic
beasts,mask like balconies,roof-
dinosaur’s spine
. The style spread to architecture and furniture in the 1890s as a
revolt against industrialization turned people's attention to the
natural forms and personal craftsmanship of the Arts and Crafts
Movement. Art Nouveau buildings often have asymmetrical
shapes, arches, and decorative Japanese-like surfaces with
curved, plant-like designs and mosaics.

9. Deutsche werkbund
• Glass pavillion, bruno
taut

10. • Fagus
factory-
walter
gropius
and adolf
meyer

11. • Einstein tower,
erich
mendelsohn

12. FUNCTIONALISM-EARLY MODERNISM-LESS
ORNAMENTATION

13. PIET MONDRIAN

15. ORGANIC- MIDDLE MODERNISM

16. ART DECO- ORNAMENTATION-
ABSTRACT FORMS

17. Cubism in prague
• The black
madonna,
josef gocar

18. Globalization of modern architecture
• Glass house,
philip
johnson
• Villa tugendhat, mies
van der rohe

19. INTERNATIONALISM-VILLA SAVOYE-
LESS ORNAMENTATION

20. • UN building,
le corbusier

21. • Panam building,
walter gropius

22. • Hunstanton school,
alison and peter
smithson

23. • Guggenheim
museum,
frank lloyd
wright

24. • Unite
d’habitation, le
corbusier

25. • Ronchamp, le
corbusier

26. • Cathedral at Brasilia, oscar niemeyer

27. • Congress building,
Oscar neimeyer

28. Le Corbusier- 5 points of architecture
• (1) the pilotis elevating the mass off the ground,
• (2) the free plan, achieved through the separation
of the load-bearing columns from the walls
subdividing the space,
• (3) the free facade, the corollary of the free plan
in the vertical plane,
• (4) the long horizontal sliding window and finally
(5) the roof garden, restoring, supposedly, the
area of ground covered by the house.

29. • Metabolism is a type of
organic architecture
characterized by recycling
and prefabrication;
expansion and contraction
based on need; modular,
replaceable units (cells or
pods) attached to a core
infrastructure; and
sustainability. It is a
philosophy of organic
urban design, that
structures must act like
living creatures within an
environment that naturally
changes and evolves.

30. • Pompidou center, richard rogers and renzo
piano

31. • Venturi house, robert
venturi

32. • AT& T building,
philip johnson
• Humana building,
louisville, micheal
graves

33. • Hysolar research building, frank gehry

34. • California aerospace museum

35. • Guggenheim museum at bilbao

36. • Vitra fire station , zaha hadid

38. De-stilj
• Schroder house,
gerrit reitveld