Works Of Gustave Eiffel,Tony Garnier, Auguste Perret Development Of New Art & Architecture , Art Nouveau & Art Deco Works Of Antonio Gaudi & Victor Horta.
Works Of Gustave Eiffel,Tony Garnier, Auguste Perret
Development Of New Art & Architecture , Art Nouveau & Art Deco
Works Of Antonio Gaudi & Victor Horta.
Theory Of Design - Louis Sullivan. Buildings covered in this presentation are - Auditorium Building (Chicago) , Wainwright Building, Carson Pierie Scott and company building, transportation building, louis sullivan bungalow ,
Theory Of Design - Louis Sullivan. Buildings covered in this presentation are - Auditorium Building (Chicago) , Wainwright Building, Carson Pierie Scott and company building, transportation building, louis sullivan bungalow ,
A brief description on Le Corbusier's life, design philosophies & some projects including a detailed case study. I recommend viewers to download the presentation and then view it bcoz many slides (slide 12) are apparently useless without animation!!
- Rakesh Samaddar
Dept. of Architecture
IIT Kharagpur
India
Information about le corbusier's work, five points of le corbusier, philosphiy of le corbusier, buildings of le corbusier, theory of le corbusier, examples of lecorbusier, he was poineer of Modern Architecture. modern architecture
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE - WORK AND PHILOSOPHY Soumya Sharma
MAJOR WORKS OF AR. VAN DER ROHE, ARCHITECTURAL STYLES - MINIMALISM,MODERNISM,INTERNATIONAL STYLEMODERNISM,CHARACTER OF WORKS,MATERIALS USED IN HIS DESIGN / CONSTRUCTION, STUDY OF MAJOR WORKS - BARCELONA PAVILION , TUGENDHAT VILLA , FARNSWORTH HOUSE.
Auguste Perret was a French architect, recognized as a pioneer in the use of reinforced concrete. He considered concrete a noble material and his work shows his understanding and admiration for it. His designs often had few or no ornamentation and a clear differentiation of structural elements.
Architecture After the Industrial Revolutionnichols4
From the Chrystal Palace in London and the Eiffel Tower in Paris to the sky scrapers of New York and Frank Lloyd Wright's Falling Water, we'll explore some foundational movements in architecture in the last 150 years.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
"MODERN ARCHITECTURE"
Le Corbusier
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Walter Gropius
Louis Sullivan
C.R. Mackintosh
Edwin Lutyens
Antoni Gaudi
A brief description on Le Corbusier's life, design philosophies & some projects including a detailed case study. I recommend viewers to download the presentation and then view it bcoz many slides (slide 12) are apparently useless without animation!!
- Rakesh Samaddar
Dept. of Architecture
IIT Kharagpur
India
Information about le corbusier's work, five points of le corbusier, philosphiy of le corbusier, buildings of le corbusier, theory of le corbusier, examples of lecorbusier, he was poineer of Modern Architecture. modern architecture
LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE - WORK AND PHILOSOPHY Soumya Sharma
MAJOR WORKS OF AR. VAN DER ROHE, ARCHITECTURAL STYLES - MINIMALISM,MODERNISM,INTERNATIONAL STYLEMODERNISM,CHARACTER OF WORKS,MATERIALS USED IN HIS DESIGN / CONSTRUCTION, STUDY OF MAJOR WORKS - BARCELONA PAVILION , TUGENDHAT VILLA , FARNSWORTH HOUSE.
Auguste Perret was a French architect, recognized as a pioneer in the use of reinforced concrete. He considered concrete a noble material and his work shows his understanding and admiration for it. His designs often had few or no ornamentation and a clear differentiation of structural elements.
Architecture After the Industrial Revolutionnichols4
From the Chrystal Palace in London and the Eiffel Tower in Paris to the sky scrapers of New York and Frank Lloyd Wright's Falling Water, we'll explore some foundational movements in architecture in the last 150 years.
HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE
"MODERN ARCHITECTURE"
Le Corbusier
Frank Lloyd Wright
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Walter Gropius
Louis Sullivan
C.R. Mackintosh
Edwin Lutyens
Antoni Gaudi
Similar to Works Of Gustave Eiffel,Tony Garnier, Auguste Perret Development Of New Art & Architecture , Art Nouveau & Art Deco Works Of Antonio Gaudi & Victor Horta.
"Breaking Ground: The Dawn of Early Modernism"RaiyyanKhalak
Early modernism emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a departure from traditional artistic, architectural, and literary conventions. Embracing innovation, simplicity, and a break from historical precedents, it laid the groundwork for avant-garde movements, influencing diverse disciplines with its commitment to experimentation and a forward-looking ethos.
INTODUCTION
Art Nouveau, ornamental style of art that flourished between about 1890 and 1910 throughout Europe and the United States.
The most important places for architecture during this period were Brussels, Paris and Barcelona. The name 'Art nouveau' is French for 'new art'.
It represents the beginning of modernism in design(Modern Architecture). It occurred at a time when
Mass-produced consumer goods began to fill the marketplace, and
Designers, architects, and artist began to understand that the handcrafted work of centuries past could be lost.
Flourished in major European cities and emerged in the early 1890s in all the visual arts:
1. Painting 7. jewellery
2. Sculpture 8. clothing and
3. Architecture 9. furniture
4. Interior design
5. graphic arts
6. Posters
Similar to Works Of Gustave Eiffel,Tony Garnier, Auguste Perret Development Of New Art & Architecture , Art Nouveau & Art Deco Works Of Antonio Gaudi & Victor Horta. (20)
Postmodern architecture is a reaction and evolution to the modern architecture that came before it. Not only did designers begin to make use of new innovations, but at the same time they appropriated design elements from the past. Buildings became an eclectic mix of old and new as the old "Form follows function" mantra was forgotten. One of the iconic postmodern examples is the Sony Building in New York City.
As with many cultural movements, some of postmodernism's most pronounced and visible ideas can be seen in architecture. The functional and formalized shapes and spaces of the modernist movement are replaced by aesthetics: form is adopted for its own sake, and new ways of viewing familiar styles and space abound.
Classic examples of modern architecture are the Lever House and the Seagram Building in commercial space, and the architecture of Frank Lloyd Wright or the Bauhaus movement in private or communal spaces.
Transitional examples of postmodern architecture are the Portland Building in Portland, Oregon and the Sony Building in New York City, which borrows elements and references from the past and reintroduces color and symbolism to architecture.
Neo-futurism is a late 20th–early 21st century movement in the arts, design, and architecture. It is a departure from the cynical attitude of post-modernism and represents an idealistic belief in a better future and "a need to periodize the modern rapport with the technological".
This avant-garde movement is a futuristic rethinking of the aesthetic and functionality of rapidly growing cities.
The industrialization that began worldwide following the end of the Second World War gave wind to new streams of thought in life, art and architecture, leading to post-modernism, neo-modernism and then neo-futurism.
In the Western countries, futurist architecture evolved into Art Deco, the Googie movement and high-tech architecture, and finally into Neo-Futurism.
Neo-futuristic urbanists, architects, designers and artists believe in cities releasing emotions, driven by eco-sustainability, ethical values and implementing new materials and new technologies to provide a better quality of life for city-dwellers.
Neo-futurism has absorbed sоme оf the high-tech architecture’s themes аnd ideas, incorporating elements оf high-tech industry аnd technology іntо building design: technology and context is the focus of some architects of this movement such as Buckminster Fuller, Norman Foster, Kenzo Tange, Renzo Piano, Richard Rogers, Frei Otto, and Santiago Calatrava.
MODERNISM FIRST EMERGED IN THE 1920.THE PROMINENT FIGURES OF THE MOVEMENT ARE LE CORBUSIER ,WALTER GROPIUS AND LUDWIG MIES VAN DER ROHE.
HOWEVER IT WAS NOT UNTIL AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR THAT IT GAINED MASS POPULARITY, AFTER MODERNIST PLANNING WAS IMPLEMENTED AS A SOLUTION TO THE PREVIOUS FAILURE OF ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN TO MEET BASIC SOCIAL NEEDS.
IN THE POST WAR ERA, THE AMBITIONS OF THE MODERNIST AND THEIR” STRONG SENSE OF SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IS THAT ARCHITECTURE SHOULD RAISE THE LIVING CONDITIONS OF THE MASSES”.
CHARACTERISTICS OF MODERNISM:
THE NOTION THAT "FORM FOLLOW FUNCTION”, EXPRESSED BY FLW,S EARLY MENTOR LOUIS SULLIVAN, MEANING THAT THE RESULT OF DESIGN SHOULD DERIVE DIRECTLY FROM ITS PURPOSE.
SIMPLICITY AND CLARITY OF FORMS AND ELIMINATION OF “UNNECESSARY DETAIL”.
MATERIALS AT GO DEGREES TO EACH OTHER.
VISUAL EXPRESSION OF STRUCTURE (AS OPPOSED TO THE HIDING OF THE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS)
THE RELATED CONCEPT OF” TRUTH TO MATERIAL”, MEANING THAT THE TRUE NATURE OR NATURAL APPEARANCE OF MATERIAL OUGHT TO BE SEEN RATHER THAN CONCEALED OR ALTERED TO REPRESENT SOMETHING ELSE.
USE OF INDUSTRIALLY PRODUCED MATERIALS; ADOPTION OF THE MACHINE AESTHETICS.
PARTICULARLY IN INTERNATIONAL STYLE MODERNISM, A VISUAL EMPHASIS ON HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL LINES.
Late Modernism encompasses the overall production of most recent architecture made between the aftermath of World War II and the early years of the 21st century. The terminology often points to similarities between late modernism and post-modernism although there are differences.
Late Modernism, also known as High-tech architecture or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the late 80s, this style became a bridge between modernism and postmodernism.
Architecture in which the images, ideas, and motifs of the Modern Movement were taken to extremes, structure, technology, and services being grossly over stated at a time when Modernism was being questioned.
In the year 1980s the high tech architecture started to look different from the post modern architecture. Many of the themes and ideas which originated during the post modern times were added to the high tech architecture.
Modern architecture is primarily driven by technological and engineering developments, and it is true that the availability o f new building materials such as iron, steel, and glass drove the invention of new building techniques as part of the Industrial Revolution.
High-tech architecture, also known as Late Modernism or Structural Expressionism, is an architectural style that emerged in the 1970s, incorporating elements of high-tech industry and technology into building design.
High-tech architecture appeared as a revamped modernism , an extension of those previous ideas helped by even more technological advances.
This category serves as a bridge between modernism and post-modernism ; there remain gray areas as to where one category ends and the other begins. In the 1980s, high-tech architecture became more difficult to distinguish from post-modern architecture. Some of its ideas were later absorbed into the style of Neo-Futurism art and architectural movement.
EARLY MODERN ERA
culmination of iron-frame architecture (Crystal Palace, Eiffel Tower),Chicago school: skyscrapers (Jenney), functionalism (Sullivan)
international style (Gropius, Corbusier, Mies),Wright (organic architecture
It is a development in POST-MODERNISM that started in late 1980s.
It views architecture in bits and pieces.
It has no visual logic.
Buildings may appear to be made of abstract forms.
The idea was to develop buildings which show how differently from traditional architectural conventions buildings can be built without loosing their utility and still complying with the fundamental laws of physics.
The ideas were borrowed from the French philosopher, Jacques Derrida.
Architects involved –
Zaha Hadid
Bernhard Tschumi
Rem Koolhaas
The term ‘Critical Regionalism’ was first coined by Alexander Tzonis and Liane Lefaivre and later more famously and pretentiously by Kenneth Frampton in “Towards a Critical Regionalism : Six points of an architecture of resistance”
According to Frampton, critical regionalism should adopt modern architecture critically for its universal progressive qualities but at the same time should value responses particular to the context. Emphasis should be on topography, climate, light, tectonic form rather than scenography and the tactile sense rather than the visual.
According to Tzonis and Lefaivre, critical regionalism need not directly draw from the context, rather elements can be stripped of their context and used in strange rather than familiar ways.
Critical regionalism is different from Regionalism which tries to achieve a one-to-one correspondence with vernacular architecture in a conscious way without consciously partaking in the universal.
It is considered a particular form of post-modern response in developing countries, not to be confused with postmodernism as architectural style.
The building envelope is physical separator between the exterior and the interior of the building and fenestration systems.
Envelope design strongly affects the visual and thermal comfort of the occupants, as well as energy consumption in the building.
The Taj Mahal of Agra is one of the Seven Wonders of the World, for reasons more than just looking magnificent. It's the history of Taj Mahal that adds a soul to its magnificence: a soul that is filled with love, loss, remorse, and love again.
This man was the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, who was head-over-heels in love with Mumtaz Mahal, his dear wife. She was a Muslim Persian princess and he was the son of the Mughal Emperor Jahangir and grandson of Akbar the Great.
It was in the memory of his beloved wife that Shah Jahan built Taj Mahal ,a magnificent monument as a tribute to her.
The construction of Taj Mahal started in the year 1631. Masons, stonecutters, inlayers, carvers, painters, calligraphers, dome-builders and other artisans were requisitioned from the whole of the empire and also from Central Asia and Iran, and it took approximately 22 years to build what we see today. which was brought in from all over India and central Asia. Taj Mahal was finally completed in the year 1653.
A brick is a block or a single unit of a ceramic material used in masonry construction. Typically bricks are stacked together or laid as brickwork using various kinds of mortar to hold the bricks together and make a permanent structure.
Bricks are typically produced in common or standard sizes in bulk quantities. They have been regarded as one of the longest lasting and strongest building materials used throughout history.
Cement is a building material for binding bricks, stones or aggregates.
Used for making mortar or concrete.
Cements natural and artificial.
Natural cement-burning and crushing of stones and lime.
Artificial cement-burning at high temperature and gypsum is added.
Sand is a naturally occurring granular material composed of finely divided rock and mineral particles.
the most common constituent of sand is silica (silicon dioxide, or SiO2), usually in the form of quartz.
The terms “hardwood” and “softwood” are often misleading because they have no direct relation to the actual physical hardness or softness of the wood, so that a hardwood may actually be softer than a softwood.
The term Romanesque ("Roman-like") was first used to designate a style of architecture that used Roman arches and had thick, heavy walls, based upon the basilica. The style is pervasive throughout Europe.
Gothic architecture, architectural style in Europe that lasted from the mid 12th century to the 16th century, particularly a style of masonry building characterized by cavernous spaces with the expanse of walls broken up by overlaid tracery. In the 12th–13th centuries, feats of engineering permitted increasingly gigantic buildings
The rib vault, flying buttress, and pointed (Gothic) arch were used as solutions to the problem of building a very tall structure while preserving as much natural light as possible. Stained-glass window panels rendered startling sun-dappled interior effects.
2137ad - Characters that live in Merindol and are at the center of main storiesluforfor
Kurgan is a russian expatriate that is secretly in love with Sonia Contado. Henry is a british soldier that took refuge in Merindol Colony in 2137ad. He is the lover of Sonia Contado.
2137ad Merindol Colony Interiors where refugee try to build a seemengly norm...luforfor
This are the interiors of the Merindol Colony in 2137ad after the Climate Change Collapse and the Apocalipse Wars. Merindol is a small Colony in the Italian Alps where there are around 4000 humans. The Colony values mainly around meritocracy and selection by effort.
thGAP - BAbyss in Moderno!! Transgenic Human Germline Alternatives ProjectMarc Dusseiller Dusjagr
thGAP - Transgenic Human Germline Alternatives Project, presents an evening of input lectures, discussions and a performative workshop on artistic interventions for future scenarios of human genetic and inheritable modifications.
To begin our lecturers, Marc Dusseiller aka "dusjagr" and Rodrigo Martin Iglesias, will give an overview of their transdisciplinary practices, including the history of hackteria, a global network for sharing knowledge to involve artists in hands-on and Do-It-With-Others (DIWO) working with the lifesciences, and reflections on future scenarios from the 8-bit computer games of the 80ies to current real-world endeavous of genetically modifiying the human species.
We will then follow up with discussions and hands-on experiments on working with embryos, ovums, gametes, genetic materials from code to slime, in a creative and playful workshop setup, where all paticipant can collaborate on artistic interventions into the germline of a post-human future.
The Legacy of Breton In A New Age by Master Terrance LindallBBaez1
Brave Destiny 2003 for the Future for Technocratic Surrealmageddon Destiny for Andre Breton Legacy in Agenda 21 Technocratic Great Reset for Prison Planet Earth Galactica! The Prophecy of the Surreal Blasphemous Desires from the Paradise Lost Governments!
Explore the multifaceted world of Muntadher Saleh, an Iraqi polymath renowned for his expertise in visual art, writing, design, and pharmacy. This SlideShare delves into his innovative contributions across various disciplines, showcasing his unique ability to blend traditional themes with modern aesthetics. Learn about his impactful artworks, thought-provoking literary pieces, and his vision as a Neo-Pop artist dedicated to raising awareness about Iraq's cultural heritage. Discover why Muntadher Saleh is celebrated as "The Last Polymath" and how his multidisciplinary talents continue to inspire and influence.
The perfect Sundabet Slot mudah menang Promo new member Animated PDF for your conversation. Discover and Share the best GIFs on Tenor
Admin Ramah Cantik Aktif 24 Jam Nonstop siap melayani pemain member Sundabet login via apk sundabet rtp daftar slot gacor daftar
Works Of Gustave Eiffel,Tony Garnier, Auguste Perret Development Of New Art & Architecture , Art Nouveau & Art Deco Works Of Antonio Gaudi & Victor Horta.
1. History Of Architecture -6
Works Of Gustave Eiffel,Tony Garnier, Auguste Perret
Development Of New Art & Architecture , Art Nouveau & Art Deco
Works Of Antonio Gaudi & Victor Horta.
Presented By:-
Anant Nautiyal
Kiran Kaushik
Riya Taneja
Sonali
2. Alexandre Gustave Eiffel
• He was born in 15 December 1832 – 27 December 1923.
• He was a French civil engineer and architect.
• He is best known for the world-famous Eiffel Tower, built for the (1889 Universal
Exposition in Paris) , and his contribution to building the Statue of Liberty in New
York .
• After his retirement from engineering, Eiffel concentrated his energy on research
into meteorology and aerodynamics, making important contributions in both
fields.
• An engineer, Gustave Eiffel designed 100’s of lattice-like metal structures of all
kinds and sizes .
Bridges
Viaducts
The Statue of Liberty, 1876
The Eiffel Tower, 1889
3. Eiffel Tower
• It was built for World’s Fair and to celebrate the centennial of the
French Revolution.
• The tower officially opened May 5, 1889.
• It was the tallest structure in the world until 1930.
• Took 2 years, 2 months, 5 days to finish .
• 5,300 blueprints.
• 18,038 parts.
• 2,500,000 rivets.
• Weighs 10,000 tons.
• 324 meters high.
• 50 engineers.
• 125 workmen on site.
• 100 iron workers.
• 1665 step to the top .
4. Eiffel Tower (1887-1889)
• Painted every 7 years to preserve the iron and steel structure.
• Takes 14 months to paint from top to bottom.
• Takes 60 tons of paint.
• 25 painters.
• structure of the tower can be divided into two groups: columns,
which are designed to resist dead loads, and cantilevers, which are
designed to resist wind loads.
5. The Statue of Liberty
• The Statue of Liberty is one of the best known American landmarks.
• It was a gift to the United States from France to honor their alliance during the American
Revolution on July 4, 1884 to commemorate the 100 anniversary of the American
Revolution. It was dedicated on October 28, 1886.
• The statue of Liberty is an example of neoclassical architecture.
• It is a hollow construction of thinly pounded copper sheets (2.4 mm thick) laid over a steel
framework.
• It weighs a total of 450,000 pounds (204 tonnes), including 27 tonnes of copper and 113
tonnes of steel.
• The statue rests upon a masonry pedestal. The figure of Liberties 151 feet (46 m) tall,
while the entire structure - from the base of the pedestal to the tip of the torch is 305 feet
(93 m) in height.
• The statue's index finger is 8 feet long and its nose 4.5 feet. The pedestal is 89 feet (27 m)
tall.
6. Statue Of Liberty
• The Statue of Liberty was designed by the French sculptor Frédéric
Bartholdi.
• The figure was formed of copper sheets wrapped into an iron
framework as part of a support system devised by the French civil
engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel.
• The pedestal was designed by the American architect Richard Morris
Hunt
• The head and arm of the statue - the first sections to be completed -
were made with engineering assistance from Viollet-le-Duc, who
suggested using an internal stone pier to support the figure.
• The skeleton consisted of brass plaques, soldered and riveted
together.
• The outer skin of moulded copper sheets was riveted to the interior
skeleton, the two layers being separated by a thin layer of asbestos
impregnated with shellac, to prevent corrosion.
• The combined structure was attached to a central steel pylon so as to
allow movement necessitated by either wind or temperature.
7.
8. Auguste Perret 1874-1954
A pioneer in reinforced
concrete construction.
Auguste Perret was an important pioneer of the modern movement. His most
significant buildings were constructed in reinforced concrete in the years between
1902 to 1922.
He was the youngest of the first generation of modernists being only 28 when he
built his first major building, his family-owned apartments at 25 bis Rue Franklin,
Paris in 1902. Like Frank Lloyd Wright in America, he had a long career and died
well into the 1950s when modernism was at its height.
Perret studied for a brief time in the academic Ecole des Beaux Arts, the
conservative, classical-revival design school of the period. But he left this formal
architectural training early to work with his father and brother in the family’s
concrete construction business. These two early experiences shaped two stylistic
characteristics of Perret ’s work:
1) His use of classical proportion and symmetry
2) His functional approach to design and construction in reinforced concrete.
9. Auguste Perret 1874-1954
• Auguste Perret was one of the very first architects to give a modern
architectural expression to reinforced concrete. Modern cement-based
concrete was patented in 1867 by the French gardener Joseph Monier, but
during the Victorian period it remained hidden behind stone façades and
veneers because it was considered a crude building material. In the 1890s
Francois Henne bique introduced the trebeated structural system of reinforced
concreting, but it was with Auguste Perret that this new, industrial material
became expressed architecturally on the facade of buildings.
• Up till 1908 the young Le Corbusier worked in Perret ’s architectural practice.
From him Le Corbusier learned about:
● using reinforced concrete to create skeletal
structures for building
● using classical proportions and composition in
modern design
● using standardised components in design and
construction
● a geometric approach to design and the flat
roof as living space.
Hennebique’s system, developed in 1892,
for structural continuity in reinforcing
concrete posts, beams and slabs.
Perret Le Corbusier
10. The chronological context of Perret ’s architecture
Chronological context in Architecture
- Modernism to Postmodernism -
1890s 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
First generation
modernists
Second generation
modernists
Third generation
modernists
The pioneers of modernism.
They each treated form, space,
structure, materials and ornament in
novel ways.
These were the architects of ‘high
modernism’- the universal
International Style- as well as the
fashionable Art Deco period.
These were the architects of
Postmodernism.
They reacted against the orthodoxy of
high modernism.
Peter Behrens - Berlin Walter Gropius Frank Gehry
Auguste Perret - Paris Le Corbusier Philip Johnson
C. R. Mackintosh - Glasgow Mies van der Rohe Charles Moore
Otto Wagner - Vienna Gerrit Reitveld I. M. Pei
Adolf Loos - Vienna William Van Allen Michael Greaves
Louis Sullivan - Chicago Napier Art Deco architects Louis Kahn
Frank Lloyd Wright - Chicago and mid-western states of USA Robert Venturi
11. Stylistic features of Perret’s buildings
• As a pioneer of the architecturally expressed reinforced concrete
frame, Perret ’s buildings feature large areas of glazing on the non-
weight-bearing walls. Internal spaces are open and generous and
often lit by skylights.
• Perret ’s buildings are often described as ‘stripped classical’. They
have the symmetrical, balanced and harmonious proportions and
rhythms of classical architecture, often with abstract references to
columns and cornices. He stripped away the ornament and detailing
indulged in by the Beaux Arts classical-revival architects of the day.
These qualities give his buildings formality and dignity.
• Perret ’s buildings have a rational functionalism. Concrete is left raw,
though sometimes with coloured or patterned elements to them. His
designs arose out of modern functional considerations rather than
aesthetic ones.
12. Stylistic features of Perret’s Rue Franklin Apartments
The non-weight-bearing walls are expressed as slightly-recessed infill
panels of floral-patterned ceramic tile.
At street level the Perrets had their architecture studio. This large, open space exposed
the uprights of the concrete frame and became forerunners of Le Corbusier’s
pilotis.
U-shaped front façade inspired by statutory light courts at the
rear of Parisian
apartment buildings.
The trabeated, rectangular concrete frame throughout building is not
exposed directly, but is expressed by the plain tiles on the façade.
The rectangular frame allows for roof terraces on setbacks of
upper apartments.
13. Stylistic features of Perret’s Rue Franklin
Apartments
At the sixth storey apartment a reinforced concrete frame breaks free of the wall
surface. This looks forward to the airy, transparent effects of the International Style.
Glazed openings are as large as zoning laws allowed.
The concrete frame allows for thin wall partitions and
maximum interior space.
A full appreciation of the building’s form can be gained only by moving across its
entire façade. This experiential dimension to architectural form and space is
modernist.
Dining room Drawing room Bedroom
14. Auguste Perret – Notable Works
• The interior of his Paris Théâtre des Champs-Élysées (1913).
• He used thin shell roof vaulting for his warehouses in Casablanca (1915).
• Elegant concrete arches for a clothing factory in Paris (1919).
• Perret’s Church of Notre-Dame at Le Raincy (1922–23), near Paris.
• the École Normale de Musique in Paris (1929).
15. Art Deco
• Art Deco or Deco, is an influential visual arts design style which first appeared in France during the 1920s, flourished
internationally during the 30s and 40s.
• It is an eclectic style that combines traditional craft motifs with Machine Age imagery and materials.
• The style is often characterized by rich colors, bold geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation.
• The style featured in the work of designers of furnishings, textiles, JEWELLERY , and advertising posters.
• Geom
• Colours used in Art Deco Designs included gold, orange, peach and turquoise.
• The Art Deco style was popular in the USA where many buildings were designed in this style.
• Art Deco as a decorative style was popular in 1920s and 1930s. "
• First World War (1914-1918) and the Great Depression (1929-1930),
• Cities needed rebuilding;
• as human rights increased, labors became more expansive.
• The term Art Deco was coined from The Exposition des Arts Decoratifs held in Paris in 1925. Art Deco is an architectural
and design style, popular in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
• The style featured in the work of designers of furnishings, textiles, JEWELLERY , and advertising posters.
• Geometric shapes, Transport methods, sunbursts, images and artefacts from other cultures, such as Aztec decoration,
Egyptian and African tribal art all influenced the Art Deco style.
• Colours used in Art Deco Designs included gold, orange, peach and turquoise.
• The Art Deco style was popular in the USA where many buildings were designed in this style.
16. Art Deco or Deco, is an influential visual arts design style which first appeared in France during the 1920s, flourished internationally during
the 30s and 40s, then waned in the post-World War II era. It is an eclectic style that combines traditional craft motifs with Machine Age
imagery and materials. The style is often characterized by rich colors, bold geometric shapes and lavish ornamentation.
EXPOSITION OF ART DECO STYLE OF ARCHITECTRE
• The first use of the term Art Deco has been attributed to architect Le Corbusier who penned a series of articles in his journal L'Esprit
nouveau under the headline1925 Expo: Arts Déco. He was referring to the 1925 Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et
Industriels Modernes (International Exposition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts)
• The Art Deco era is often dated from 1925 when the Exposition Internationale des Arts Décoratifs et Industriels Modernes was
organized to showcase new ideas in applied arts.
• Deco emphasizes geometric forms: spheres, polygons, rectangles, trapezoids, zigzags, chevrons, and sunburst motifs. Elements are
often arranged in symmetrical patterns. Modern materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, Bakelite, chrome, and plastics are
frequently used. Stained glass, inlays, and lacquer are also common. Colors tend to be vivid and high-contrast.
17. Example
• The Fisher Building (1928) is a landmark skyscraper in the United States,
located in the heart of the New Center area of Detroit, Michigan. The
ornate building is designed in an Art Deco style, constructed
of limestone, granite, and several types of marble. The Fisher family
financed the building with proceeds from the sale of Fisher
Body to General Motors. It was designed to house office and retail space.
• The building, which contains the elaborate 2,089 seat Fisher Theatre was
designated a National Historic Landmark on June 29, 1989. It is also the
location of the headquarters for the Detroit Public Schools.
• The Fisher Building rises 30-stories with a roof height of 428 feet (130 m), a
top floor height of 339 feet (103 m), and the spire reaching 444 feet
(135 m). The building has 21 elevators. Designed by Albert Kahn and
Associates with Joseph Nathaniel French as chief architect,[8] it has been
called Detroit's largest art object[3] and is widely considered Kahn's
greatest achievement.
• In 1929, the Fisher Building was honored by the Architectural League of
New York with a silver medal in architecture.[9] The opulent three-
story barrel vaulted lobby is constructed with forty different kinds of
marble, decorated by Hungarian artist Géza Maróti, and is highly regarded
by architects.[4][5] The sculpture on the exterior of the building was
supplied by several sculptors including Maroti, Corrado Parducci, Anthony
De Lorenzo and Ulysses Ricci.
18. • The Guardian Building is a landmark skyscraper in the United
States, located at 500 Griswold Street in the Financial District of
Downtown Detroit, Michigan.
• Guardian is a class-A office building owned by Wayne County,
Michigan and serves as its headquarters. Built in 1928 and
finished in 1929, the building was originally called the Union
Trust Building and is a bold example of Art Deco architecture,
including art modern designs.
• the top of the Guardian Building's spire is a large American Flag,
complementing the four smaller flags atop nearby 150 West
Jefferson. The building has undergone recent award-winning
renovations. It was designated a National Historic Landmark on
June 29, 1989 and the associated Detroit Financial District is on
the National Register of Historic Places.
• The Guardian building includes retail and a tourist gift shop.
• Architect: Wirt Rowland; Smith Hinchman & Grylls
• Architectural style: Mayan Revival Art Deco
The Guardian Building
19. • The main frame of the skyscraper rises 36 stories, capped by two asymmetric spires, one
extending for four additional stories.
• The roof height of the building is 496 ft (151 m), the top floor is 489 feet (149 m), and the
spire reaches 632 ft (192.6 m). The exterior blends brickwork with tile, limestone, andterra
cotta.
• The building's interior is lavishly decorated with mosaic and Pewabic and Rookwood tile.
The semi-circular exterior domes are filled with Pewabic Pottery; Mary Chase Perry
Stratton worked closely with the architect in the design of the symbolic
decorations. (See Savage, infra.) Its nickname, Cathedral of Finance, alludes both to the
building's resemblance to a cathedral, with its tower over the main entrance and
octagonal apse at the opposite end and to New York City'sWoolworth Building, which had
earlier been dubbed the Cathedral of Commerce.
• Native Americanthemes are common inside and outside the building. Wirt C. Rowland, of
the Smith Hinchman & Grylls firm, was the building's architect while Corrado
Parducci created the two sculptures flanking the Griswold Street entrance. The building
includes works by muralist Ezra Winter
• Rowland's attention to detail was meticulous. He supervised the creation of bricks to
achieve the desired color for the exterior and designed furniture for the bank's offices. His
attention went as far as designing tableware, linens and waitress uniforms for a restaurant
in the building.
The Guardian Building
20. INFLUENCE
• Machine Age and streamline technologies such as modern aviation, electric lighting, the radio, the ocean liner
and the skyscraper
• Greco-Roman Classicism, and the art of Babylon, Assyria, Ancient Egypt,[and Aztec Mexico.
• Much of this could be attributed to the popular interest in archeology in the 1920s (eg, the tomb of
Tutankhamen,
21. Art Nouveau
• French for 'new art') is an international style of art, architecture and design that peaked in popularity at the
beginning of the 20th century (1880-1914) and is characterized by highly-stylized, flowing, curvilinear designs
often incorporating floral and other plant-inspired motifs.
• The name 'Art Nouveau' derived from the name of a shop in Paris, Maison de l'Art Nouveau, that showcased
objects that followed this approach to design.
• Break connections with Classical times
• Break down barriers between “fine” and “applied” arts
• Artists bring beauty and harmony to all aspects of life (architecture, furniture,
utilitarian objects,
• was a reaction against the “academic” style in favor at the time.
• Characterized by organic, free-flowing forms – highly stylized – nature
influence
• 1890 to about 1905 peak years
• The style's patterns and motifs were taken primarily from nature and were
often carried out with unrestrained exuberance of form, color, and especially
line. The characteristic line, a flowing curvilinear, was to give Art Nouveau the
descriptive nicknames "noodle," "whiplash,“ "tapeworm," and "cigarette-
smoke style."
Art Nouveau-style Subway Entrances in Paris
22. Victor Horta,
Hotel Tassel, 1890s ART NOUVEAU
Hotel Tassel (Victor Horta) – 1st Art Nouveau Building
in the World
24. Antonio Gaudí
• Gaudi was a Spanish (Catalan) Architect who
created complex buildings in that the
architecture was considered sculptural as well.
• His buildings are considered biomorphic, or
organically-shaped. This is possibly a rejection
to the coldness that a machine-produced
geometric object would create
Antonio Gaudí, Casa Milà, 1905-1907.
La Pedrera - Casa Milà Antoni Gaudi i Cornet 1906 -1910
ART NOUVEAU
Antonio Gaudí, La Sagrada Familia (The Holy Family),
1882-2026
25. Tony Garnier
born Aug. 13, 1869, Lyon—died Jan. 19, 1948, Roquefort-la Bédoule,
• A forerunner of 20th-century French architects, notable for his Cité Industrielle, a farsighted plan for an industrial city. He is als
remembered, along with Auguste Perret, for the pioneering use of reinforced concrete.
• On his Prix de Rome grant Garnier developed plans (beginning in 1898, exhibited in 1904, and published in 1917) for an entire
industrial city, embracing new concepts in city planning: long, narrow lots running east–west, buildings separated by wide ope
spaces, separate levels provided for pedestrians, and houses with roof gardens. The plan called for the extensive use of reinfor
concrete.
• In 1905 Garnier was appointed architect of Lyon, a position he held until 1919.
• The most important work in Lyon to emerge from his Cité Industrielle was the large stockyards complex of 1908–24.
• Tony Garnier (August 13, 1869 in Lyon – January 19, 1948 in Roquefort-la-Bédoule, France).
• Hewas a noted architect and city planner. He was most active in his hometown of Lyon. Garnier is considered the forerunner o
20th century French architects.
Other works include:-
the stadium (1913–18),
the Grange Blanche Hospital, with its 22 pavilions (started in 1911, completed in 1927),
the War Memorial (1924),
the housing project known as Les États Unis (1920–35).
• In 1901, after extensive study of sociological and architectural problems, he began to formulate an elaborate
solution to the perceived issues concerning urban design. His basic idea included the separation of spaces by
function through zoning into several categories: industrial, civic, residential, health related, and
entertainment. Garnier's drawings for an ideal industrial city called Une cité industrielle were initially
exhibited in 1904, but only published later in 1918
26. • Une Cité Industrielle was designed as an utopian form of living, for 35,000 inhabitants. It was located between a
mountain and a river to facilitate access to hydroelectric power. This plan was highly influenced by the writings of Émile
Zola, in particular his socialist utopian novel Travail (1901).
• The plan allowed schools and vocational-type schools to be near the industries they were related to, so that people could
be more easily educated. There were no churches or law enforcement buildings, in hope that man could rule himself. The
idea of functional separation was later taken up by the members of CIAM, and would ultimately influence the design of
cities like Brasilia.
• In 1904 Garnier returned to Lyon, where he received a commission for a livestock market and slaughterhouse (1906-24),
later named Halle Tony Garnier. In 1910 he was commissioned for the design of the Édouard-Hérriot Hospital, completed
in 1927. Further projects included several villas, the Stade de Gerland (Gerland stadium) (1914-18) and the low-cost
housing Quartier des Etats-Unis (1919-35) on United-States avenue in the 8th arrondissement of Lyon
Selected ptojects
Cité Industrielle, project for an ideal city, 1904
Rothschild Foundation Housing, Paris (competition entry), 1905
Slaughterhouse and Stockyard, later named after him Halle Tony Garnier, Lyon, 1905-1924
Grange-Blanche Hospital (now H. Edouard Herriot Hospital), Lyon, 1910-27
Villa Tony Garnier, Saint-Rambert, Lyon, 1911
Stade de Gerland municipal stadium, Lyon, 1914-18
Quartier des Etats-Unis housing, Lyon, 1919-35
Villa Gros, Saint-Didier, 1921
Sanatorium, Saint-Hilaire de Touvet, 1923
Lyon and Saint-Etienne Pavilions, International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts, Paris, 1925
Hotel de Ville town hall, Boulogne-Brillancourt (with Jacques Debat-Ponsan), 1934
27. Selected ptojects
Cité Industrielle, project for an ideal city, 1904
Rothschild Foundation Housing, Paris (competition entry), 1905
Slaughterhouse and Stockyard, later named after him Halle Tony Garnier, Lyon, 1905-1924
Grange-Blanche Hospital (now H. Edouard Herriot Hospital), Lyon, 1910-27
Villa Tony Garnier, Saint-Rambert, Lyon, 1911
Stade de Gerland municipal stadium, Lyon, 1914-18
Quartier des Etats-Unis housing, Lyon, 1919-35
Villa Gros, Saint-Didier, 1921
Sanatorium, Saint-Hilaire de Touvet, 1923
Lyon and Saint-Etienne Pavilions, International Exposition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts, Paris, 1925
Hotel de Ville town hall, Boulogne-Brillancourt (with Jacques Debat-Ponsan), 1934