Modals are used to express meanings like possibility, obligation, permission. The main English modals are can, may, must, ought to, shall, should. Can expresses ability and permission. Could is the past tense of can. Must expresses obligation or necessity. Have to also expresses obligation. May expresses possibility or permission, and might is the past tense of may. Shall expresses offers or plans. Should expresses advice. Ought to expresses mild obligation or advice. Each modal has specific uses and forms depending on its meaning.

1. MODALS TENSES
MARINA URQUIZAR ORTEGA

2. What's a modal?
A modal expressing a distinction of mood, such
as that between possibility and actuality.
The kinds of modals in English are. CAN, MAY,
MUST, NEED, OUGHT, SHALL, SHOULD, WILL
AND WOULD.
But we only will see Can, may, must, ought, shall
and should.

3. CHARACTERISTICS
 No -S in 3th person of singular
 No 'TO' + INFINITIVE.
Except → Be able to, have to, ought to.
 Direct negation and interrogation.
→ Could you do me a favor, please?
→ You shouldn't be so angry.
Except → Don't/doesn't have
 No past, future, participe and compund times.
Except → Can with be able to/could.

4. CAN/COULD
|Poder, podría/podía (could)|
USES
 Ability and permission
 COULD is the past of CAN. (Podía/Podría)
 WILL BE ABLE TO is the future of CAN (Ser capaz de)
→ Cans(incorrect)(incorrect)
→→ CanCan toto go (incorrect)go (incorrect)
→→ Don't canDon't can (incorrect) Can't (correct)(incorrect) Can't (correct)
→→ WillWill can (incorrect)can (incorrect)

5. CAN/COULD
→ Some of your teachers can ski wonderfully
(ability)
→ Can I go to the toilet, please? (permission)
→ I could cook very nice.
→ I will be able to swim 1000 miles.

6. MUST
|Deber que|
USES
 Obligation
 Prohibition ( negative)
 Deduction (it must be have)
 SHOULD HAVE TO is the past of MUST
 WILL HAVE TO is the future of MUST.
→ Musts (incorrect)

7. → You must go to school. It's 8'00 o'clock.
→ You musn't talk. Silence!!
→ It must have been love.
→ He mustn't eat it! It is poisonous!
MUST

8. HAVE TO
|Tener que, no tienes que...|
 USES
 Obligation
 No need (in negative)
 HAD TO/DIDN'T HAVE TO is the past of HAVE
TO.
 WILL HAVE TO is the future of HAVE TO.
→ She has to (correct)
→ Don't have to/Doesn't have to (correct)

9. HAVE TO
→ We have to go to shopping this weekend.
→ You don't have to eat it if you don't want.
→ They have to come early.
→ She has to do the dishes.
→ Patrick has to come before midnight.

10. MAY/MIGHT
|Podría, quizás, puede que..|.
USES
 Possiblity.
 Permission.
 MIGHT is the past of MAY
→ May not (negative)
U

11. MAY/MIGHT
→ It may rain today. (possibility)
→ May I come in, please? (permission)
→ We may stay here for the night.
→ He asked if he might go to the bathroom.

12. SHALL
|Podría|
USES
 Offer
 Plans
 Ancient future

13. SHALL
→ Shall we have a coffee? (plans)
→ We shall do it. (offer)
→ I shall go (ancient future)
→ Shall I do it?

14. SHOULD
|Debería, tendría que||
USES
 Advice
→ Should + infinitive without TO

15. SHOULD
→ You should talk with her.
→ Should I study for the exam?
→ We shouldn't arrive late.
→ I think you should work harder.

16. OUGHT TO
|Debería, tendría que|
 USES
 Light duty
 Advice
→ You ought not to drink (correct)
→ Ought you to be here so early? (correct)

17. OUGHT TO
→ You ought to eat more vegetables.
→ Tom ought to work properly.
→ You ought to drink so much.
→ George ought not to waer someone else's
glasses.