This document defines and provides examples of common modal verbs in English. It discusses how modal verbs differ from regular verbs in terms of conjugation. The modal verbs covered include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would, have to, have got to, had better, and must. Examples are provided to illustrate the different meanings and uses of each modal verb. Common uses include expressing ability, permission, possibility, necessity, obligation, advice, and more. Exercises with multiple choice questions are also included to reinforce understanding of modal verb usage.
Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key differences are that modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person and use "not" to form the negative. Common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would. Modal verbs are used to express abilities, obligations, probabilities, permissions, and other meanings. They have specific uses related to possibility, necessity, advice, and other concepts.
Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key characteristics of modal verbs include: 1) they do not take "-s" in the third person, 2) "not" is used to make them negative, and 3) many cannot be used in past or future tenses. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would. Each modal verb has specific meanings and usages, such as expressing ability, permission, possibility, necessity, or prohibition.
The document discusses modal verbs in English. Some key points:
- Modal verbs behave differently than regular verbs and don't take "-s" in the third person. Common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would.
- Each modal verb has specific meanings and uses, such as expressing ability, permission, possibility, certainty, obligation, recommendations, predictions, and more.
- Modal verbs are not used in past tenses or future tenses. For example, "He will can go" is incorrect.
- Examples are provided to illustrate the meanings and uses of each modal verb.
The document discusses the modal verb "may" and how it is used. It provides charts showing the positive and negative forms of "may" used to express possibility, permission, and requests in the present, past, and future tenses. It also discusses the similar modal verb "might" and compares the usages of "may" and "might".
The document discusses the modal verb "may" and how it is used. It provides charts showing the positive and negative forms of "may" used to express possibility, permission, and requests in the present, past, and future tenses. It also discusses how "may" compares to the similar modal verb "might", noting they can both express possibility but "might" implies something is less likely. The document provides examples of how "may" and "might" are used in different contexts.
Modals are used with other verbs to express special meanings such as ability, permission, possibility, obligation, necessity, preference and conjecture. Some common modals include can, could, may, might, should, would, must, have to, ought to, and let. Each modal has specific uses such as "can" implying ability or permission, "could" implying past ability or possibility, "may" expressing permission or possibility, and "must" indicating strong obligation.
1. The document discusses different English modal verbs and their uses to express purpose, attitude, intention, necessity, advisability, and lack of necessity. It provides examples of modal verbs in sentences and tables to demonstrate their meanings and uses.
2. The document contains tasks that provide example situations and directions for students to practice using modal verbs in polite requests, expressions of necessity, advisability, and lack of necessity. It aims to help students identify and demonstrate proper uses of modal verbs.
3. The tasks cover a range of modal verbs including can, could, may, must, have to, should, and others. Students are directed to provide responses using modal verbs that are appropriate for the given situations regarding requests,
Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key differences are that modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person and use "not" to form the negative. Common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would. Modal verbs are used to express abilities, obligations, probabilities, permissions, and other meanings. They have specific uses related to possibility, necessity, advice, and other concepts.
Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key characteristics of modal verbs include: 1) they do not take "-s" in the third person, 2) "not" is used to make them negative, and 3) many cannot be used in past or future tenses. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would. Each modal verb has specific meanings and usages, such as expressing ability, permission, possibility, necessity, or prohibition.
The document discusses modal verbs in English. Some key points:
- Modal verbs behave differently than regular verbs and don't take "-s" in the third person. Common modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would.
- Each modal verb has specific meanings and uses, such as expressing ability, permission, possibility, certainty, obligation, recommendations, predictions, and more.
- Modal verbs are not used in past tenses or future tenses. For example, "He will can go" is incorrect.
- Examples are provided to illustrate the meanings and uses of each modal verb.
The document discusses the modal verb "may" and how it is used. It provides charts showing the positive and negative forms of "may" used to express possibility, permission, and requests in the present, past, and future tenses. It also discusses the similar modal verb "might" and compares the usages of "may" and "might".
The document discusses the modal verb "may" and how it is used. It provides charts showing the positive and negative forms of "may" used to express possibility, permission, and requests in the present, past, and future tenses. It also discusses how "may" compares to the similar modal verb "might", noting they can both express possibility but "might" implies something is less likely. The document provides examples of how "may" and "might" are used in different contexts.
Modals are used with other verbs to express special meanings such as ability, permission, possibility, obligation, necessity, preference and conjecture. Some common modals include can, could, may, might, should, would, must, have to, ought to, and let. Each modal has specific uses such as "can" implying ability or permission, "could" implying past ability or possibility, "may" expressing permission or possibility, and "must" indicating strong obligation.
1. The document discusses different English modal verbs and their uses to express purpose, attitude, intention, necessity, advisability, and lack of necessity. It provides examples of modal verbs in sentences and tables to demonstrate their meanings and uses.
2. The document contains tasks that provide example situations and directions for students to practice using modal verbs in polite requests, expressions of necessity, advisability, and lack of necessity. It aims to help students identify and demonstrate proper uses of modal verbs.
3. The tasks cover a range of modal verbs including can, could, may, must, have to, should, and others. Students are directed to provide responses using modal verbs that are appropriate for the given situations regarding requests,
The document discusses variation in the verb phrase, specifically focusing on modal verbs and semi-modal verbs in English. It provides examples of the 9 main modal verbs - can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would, and shall - and how they are used to express meanings related to possibility, necessity, obligation, etc. It also discusses semi-modal verbs like have to, be going to, used to and their functions.
This document provides information on the meanings and uses of various modal verbs and related expressions in English, including can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, have to, have got to, had better, and ought to. It explains that modal verbs are used to express attitudes such as necessity, permission, possibility, probability, and intention. Each modal verb and expression is defined with examples for different meanings and uses. Tips are also provided on forms of modal verbs and when to use alternatives like "have to" in place of "have got to."
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as ability, permission, obligation, offers, and probability. There are single concept modals like will and might that have one meaning and double concept modals like may and must that have two meanings. Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without "to" and do not have tenses or forms like -ing. They are used with other verbs to express past tense ideas. Modals help provide additional meaning to the main verb in a sentence.
This document defines modals as verbs that combine with other verbs to indicate mood or tense, and expresses concepts like necessity, uncertainty, ability, or permission. It outlines 10 common modals - can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, and would - and provides examples of their typical uses. Each modal is explained in 1-2 sentences per use case. For example, can is used to indicate ability, permission, requests, offers, suggestions, and possibilities in the present tense.
Course 7- Unit 9: Modals should and could. -Martin Caicedo
This document discusses modal verbs, focusing on should and could. It explains that modal verbs are special verbs that express ability, possibility, necessity or obligation of a main verb. Should is used to give advice, such as "you should go to the doctor." It has no conjugation. Could expresses ability or possibility, such as "you could go to the movies." Both should and could are followed by a base form of the main verb. Their negative forms are shouldn't and couldn't. More information on their uses can be found in Top Notch 1 and at the provided link.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as ability, permission, obligation, offers, and probability. The main modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modal verbs do not change form and are followed by an infinitive verb without "to." They can express single concepts like future time or double concepts like permission and possibility. Modal verbs are also used in the past by combining a modal verb with "have" and a past participle verb form.
The document discusses modal verbs in English. Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key points about modal verbs include: 1) they do not take "-s" in the third person, 2) "not" is used to make them negative, and 3) many cannot be used in past or future tenses. Common modal verbs are defined and examples are provided for can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would. Their uses relate to ability, permission, possibility, necessity, advice, and more.
Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key differences are that modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person and use "not" to form negatives. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would. Modal verbs are used to express attitudes like obligation, permission, possibility, and logical deduction. Their meaning depends on the context, and one modal verb can have multiple meanings.
This document summarizes Chapter 9 from a textbook on modals. It covers a variety of modal verbs and how they are used to express politeness, necessity, expectations, intentions, suggestions and advice. Key modals discussed include: may, can, must, have to, should, ought to, be supposed to, would, will, could, shall, let's, why don't. Examples are provided to illustrate the different meanings and uses. Students are prompted to practice using modals to make suggestions for helping an elderly person.
This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used. It defines modal verbs as auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence. The modal verbs covered are can, could, may, might, must, should, have to, and ought to. These verbs are divided into categories based on their meanings - single concept modals express one meaning, double concept modals express two meanings, and modals in the past are used to talk about past situations. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses and forms of modal verbs. Exercises at the end test the reader's understanding and ability to use modal verbs correctly.
Modal verbs are special verbs that indicate modality such as ability, possibility, permission, and obligation. There are several common modal verbs in English including can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modal verbs are used with an infinitive verb without "to" and do not have tenses or forms like the -ing form. They provide additional meaning about the action of the main verb. Examples are given of how different modal verbs are used and their meanings.
This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used. It defines modal verbs as auxiliary verbs that indicate modality or likelihood, ability, permission, or possibility. The document lists common modal verbs like can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and must. It explains the structure of modal verbs in sentences and how they are used without suffixes or auxiliaries. Specific uses of each modal verb are described through examples, such as using can for ability or permission, could for permission or possibility, and may for permission.
The document provides an overview of different modal verbs and expressions used to express ability, advice, necessity, possibility, obligation, advisability, and speculation. It discusses the uses of modals in conditionals, passive voice, direct and indirect speech, and embedded questions. Key points include using "can" for present ability, "should" and "ought to" for advice, "have to" for necessity, "may", "might", and "could" for possibility, and conditionals to discuss real and unreal possibilities and their results.
- Adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun that functions as the subject or object of the clause. For subjects, "who" or "that" are used for people and "which" or "that" are used for things. For objects, "whom" or "that" are used for people and "which" or "that" are used for things.
- There are two types of adjective clauses: identifying/restrictive clauses that provide essential information and don't use commas, and nonidentifying/nonrestrictive clauses that provide additional information and require commas.
- The relative pronoun can sometimes be omitted in identifying clauses where it functions as the object. Adjective
The poem describes the characteristics of an ideal man, stating that if one can remain calm and true to oneself when facing adversity, doubt, loss, and hardship, and continue persevering through challenges with integrity, virtue, and determination, then they will achieve great success and truly understand what it means to be a man. The poem provides a list of trials and tribulations one must be able to withstand through willpower and emotional control alone in order to attain this ideal.
This document defines 9 vocabulary words that could be used in a lottery: remnant, illicit, profusely, reprimands, jovial, hesitation, paraphernalia, perfunctory, and defiantly. Each word is defined and an example sentence is provided to illustrate its meaning.
This document defines 9 vocabulary words that could be used in a lottery: remnant, illicit, profusely, reprimands, jovial, hesitation, paraphernalia, perfunctory, and defiantly. It provides the definition and an example sentence for each word.
This power point explains all of the modal verbs with examples and exercises. When they are used and how. It is a good PPT for both teachers and students.
The document discusses modal verbs and their characteristics. Modal verbs are auxiliaries that don't change form for third person singular and are followed by the infinitive. They lack gerund and participle forms. Modals express ideas like ability, permission, obligation, advice, speculation and the past. Common modals are can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to and have to. Their uses vary according to whether an action is possible, forbidden, advised or uncertain. Modal perfect tenses like must have add have + past participle to discuss past speculation.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas like ability, permission, possibility, obligation, and recommendation. The main modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. They are used with other verbs and do not change form. Modal verbs are divided into categories based on their meaning: single concept, double concept, and modals used in the past tense. They add nuance and specificity to the meaning of sentences.
This document provides expressions for:
1. Making offers and responding to offers in 3 sentences with examples.
2. Expressing regret in 2 sentences and examples of conversations expressing regret.
3. Summarizing the sections on expressing possibility, indifference, shock, preferences, describing people/things, obligation, prohibition, and asking for/giving advice in 1 sentence each.
Filler words are words used in speech that don't add meaning but fill pauses as the speaker formulates their thoughts. Common English filler words include "well", "um", "like", "you know", and "I mean". Filler words can serve purposes like showing the speaker is thinking, making statements less direct, changing the tone of statements, and including the listener. While useful for conversation, overusing some fillers like "like" can make the speaker seem unsure. In total, the document discusses 15 common English filler words and their functions in speech.
The document discusses variation in the verb phrase, specifically focusing on modal verbs and semi-modal verbs in English. It provides examples of the 9 main modal verbs - can, could, may, might, must, should, will, would, and shall - and how they are used to express meanings related to possibility, necessity, obligation, etc. It also discusses semi-modal verbs like have to, be going to, used to and their functions.
This document provides information on the meanings and uses of various modal verbs and related expressions in English, including can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, have to, have got to, had better, and ought to. It explains that modal verbs are used to express attitudes such as necessity, permission, possibility, probability, and intention. Each modal verb and expression is defined with examples for different meanings and uses. Tips are also provided on forms of modal verbs and when to use alternatives like "have to" in place of "have got to."
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as ability, permission, obligation, offers, and probability. There are single concept modals like will and might that have one meaning and double concept modals like may and must that have two meanings. Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without "to" and do not have tenses or forms like -ing. They are used with other verbs to express past tense ideas. Modals help provide additional meaning to the main verb in a sentence.
This document defines modals as verbs that combine with other verbs to indicate mood or tense, and expresses concepts like necessity, uncertainty, ability, or permission. It outlines 10 common modals - can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, and would - and provides examples of their typical uses. Each modal is explained in 1-2 sentences per use case. For example, can is used to indicate ability, permission, requests, offers, suggestions, and possibilities in the present tense.
Course 7- Unit 9: Modals should and could. -Martin Caicedo
This document discusses modal verbs, focusing on should and could. It explains that modal verbs are special verbs that express ability, possibility, necessity or obligation of a main verb. Should is used to give advice, such as "you should go to the doctor." It has no conjugation. Could expresses ability or possibility, such as "you could go to the movies." Both should and could are followed by a base form of the main verb. Their negative forms are shouldn't and couldn't. More information on their uses can be found in Top Notch 1 and at the provided link.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas such as ability, permission, obligation, offers, and probability. The main modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modal verbs do not change form and are followed by an infinitive verb without "to." They can express single concepts like future time or double concepts like permission and possibility. Modal verbs are also used in the past by combining a modal verb with "have" and a past participle verb form.
The document discusses modal verbs in English. Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key points about modal verbs include: 1) they do not take "-s" in the third person, 2) "not" is used to make them negative, and 3) many cannot be used in past or future tenses. Common modal verbs are defined and examples are provided for can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, and would. Their uses relate to ability, permission, possibility, necessity, advice, and more.
Modal verbs are special verbs that behave differently than regular verbs. Some key differences are that modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person and use "not" to form negatives. Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, and would. Modal verbs are used to express attitudes like obligation, permission, possibility, and logical deduction. Their meaning depends on the context, and one modal verb can have multiple meanings.
This document summarizes Chapter 9 from a textbook on modals. It covers a variety of modal verbs and how they are used to express politeness, necessity, expectations, intentions, suggestions and advice. Key modals discussed include: may, can, must, have to, should, ought to, be supposed to, would, will, could, shall, let's, why don't. Examples are provided to illustrate the different meanings and uses. Students are prompted to practice using modals to make suggestions for helping an elderly person.
This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used. It defines modal verbs as auxiliary verbs that provide additional meaning to the main verb of a sentence. The modal verbs covered are can, could, may, might, must, should, have to, and ought to. These verbs are divided into categories based on their meanings - single concept modals express one meaning, double concept modals express two meanings, and modals in the past are used to talk about past situations. Examples are provided to illustrate the different uses and forms of modal verbs. Exercises at the end test the reader's understanding and ability to use modal verbs correctly.
Modal verbs are special verbs that indicate modality such as ability, possibility, permission, and obligation. There are several common modal verbs in English including can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. Modal verbs are used with an infinitive verb without "to" and do not have tenses or forms like the -ing form. They provide additional meaning about the action of the main verb. Examples are given of how different modal verbs are used and their meanings.
This document discusses modal verbs and how they are used. It defines modal verbs as auxiliary verbs that indicate modality or likelihood, ability, permission, or possibility. The document lists common modal verbs like can, could, may, might, will, would, shall, should, ought to, and must. It explains the structure of modal verbs in sentences and how they are used without suffixes or auxiliaries. Specific uses of each modal verb are described through examples, such as using can for ability or permission, could for permission or possibility, and may for permission.
The document provides an overview of different modal verbs and expressions used to express ability, advice, necessity, possibility, obligation, advisability, and speculation. It discusses the uses of modals in conditionals, passive voice, direct and indirect speech, and embedded questions. Key points include using "can" for present ability, "should" and "ought to" for advice, "have to" for necessity, "may", "might", and "could" for possibility, and conditionals to discuss real and unreal possibilities and their results.
- Adjective clauses begin with a relative pronoun that functions as the subject or object of the clause. For subjects, "who" or "that" are used for people and "which" or "that" are used for things. For objects, "whom" or "that" are used for people and "which" or "that" are used for things.
- There are two types of adjective clauses: identifying/restrictive clauses that provide essential information and don't use commas, and nonidentifying/nonrestrictive clauses that provide additional information and require commas.
- The relative pronoun can sometimes be omitted in identifying clauses where it functions as the object. Adjective
The poem describes the characteristics of an ideal man, stating that if one can remain calm and true to oneself when facing adversity, doubt, loss, and hardship, and continue persevering through challenges with integrity, virtue, and determination, then they will achieve great success and truly understand what it means to be a man. The poem provides a list of trials and tribulations one must be able to withstand through willpower and emotional control alone in order to attain this ideal.
This document defines 9 vocabulary words that could be used in a lottery: remnant, illicit, profusely, reprimands, jovial, hesitation, paraphernalia, perfunctory, and defiantly. Each word is defined and an example sentence is provided to illustrate its meaning.
This document defines 9 vocabulary words that could be used in a lottery: remnant, illicit, profusely, reprimands, jovial, hesitation, paraphernalia, perfunctory, and defiantly. It provides the definition and an example sentence for each word.
This power point explains all of the modal verbs with examples and exercises. When they are used and how. It is a good PPT for both teachers and students.
The document discusses modal verbs and their characteristics. Modal verbs are auxiliaries that don't change form for third person singular and are followed by the infinitive. They lack gerund and participle forms. Modals express ideas like ability, permission, obligation, advice, speculation and the past. Common modals are can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to and have to. Their uses vary according to whether an action is possible, forbidden, advised or uncertain. Modal perfect tenses like must have add have + past participle to discuss past speculation.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas like ability, permission, possibility, obligation, and recommendation. The main modal verbs are can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would, and ought to. They are used with other verbs and do not change form. Modal verbs are divided into categories based on their meaning: single concept, double concept, and modals used in the past tense. They add nuance and specificity to the meaning of sentences.
This document provides expressions for:
1. Making offers and responding to offers in 3 sentences with examples.
2. Expressing regret in 2 sentences and examples of conversations expressing regret.
3. Summarizing the sections on expressing possibility, indifference, shock, preferences, describing people/things, obligation, prohibition, and asking for/giving advice in 1 sentence each.
Filler words are words used in speech that don't add meaning but fill pauses as the speaker formulates their thoughts. Common English filler words include "well", "um", "like", "you know", and "I mean". Filler words can serve purposes like showing the speaker is thinking, making statements less direct, changing the tone of statements, and including the listener. While useful for conversation, overusing some fillers like "like" can make the speaker seem unsure. In total, the document discusses 15 common English filler words and their functions in speech.
This document contains a dictionary of over 2,800 English idiomatic expressions and their meanings. It provides the definition for common idioms and sayings beginning with letters A through D, including "a bit much," "a day late and a dollar short," "a fool and his money are soon parted," and "a little learning is a dangerous thing." Each entry includes the idiomatic phrase along with a short explanation of its meaning in everyday use.
This document provides information about modal verbs in English. It begins by defining modal verbs as helping verbs that express ideas such as possibility, intention, obligation and necessity. It lists common modal verbs like can, may, must, shall, should and will. It then discusses specific grammatical rules for modal verbs, such as not taking -s, -ing or -ed forms. It provides examples of how modal verbs are used in different tenses and to express different meanings like ability, permission, necessity, etc. It also discusses past modal forms that are used to make deductions about the past. Overall, the document serves as a guide to the meaning and proper use of modal verbs in English.
This document discusses various aspects of politeness and formality in English communication. It provides examples of polite and impolite requests, emphasizes the importance of saying "please" and using "can" or "could" to make requests sound polite. It also discusses the use of "sorry" to preface requests, offers strategies for responding to questions diplomatically, and contrasts formal written English with more informal spoken English. Formal written English uses techniques like the passive voice and avoiding first-person pronouns to achieve an impersonal tone.
Modal verbs are used to express ideas like ability, possibility, necessity, or permission. They include verbs like can, may, will, shall, should, and must. Modal verbs do not function as main verbs on their own but are always used with an infinitive verb. They have no conjugation and do not indicate tense. The document then provides examples of different modal verbs used in statements, questions, and negative constructions to demonstrate their meanings and functions in the English language.
Modal verbs are used to express abilities, possibilities, permissions, obligations and suggestions. Some key points about modal verbs include:
1. Modal verbs are always followed by a base verb form. For example "He can speak Chinese".
2. Modal verbs do not take -s in the third person present simple. For example "She may eat a sandwich".
3. Negation uses "not" rather than auxiliary "do". For example "They might not come to the party".
4. Many modal verbs cannot be used in all tenses, requiring substitutes like "be able to" or "have to".
The document provides examples and explanations of various English grammar concepts including:
- The present perfect tense of "there is/are" and examples of its use.
- The future tense of "have to" and examples of its conjugation.
- An introduction to the passive voice including examples of changing sentences from active to passive.
- Examples of the past perfect tense being used with "yet" and "already".
- A description of quantifiers in English grammar and examples of common quantifiers.
- Explanations and examples of using the modal verbs "must", "might", and "can".
The document provides a list of common mistakes made by Spanish speakers learning English. It covers mistakes with phrases like "depend on", verb conjugations like "to be" and regular past tense verbs, and differences between words like "say" and "tell", "do" and "make", and possessive pronouns like "his" and "her". For each topic, it gives examples of correct and incorrect usage in English and their Spanish translations to help learners understand and avoid these common errors.
This document provides definitions and examples of usage for various modal verbs in English:
- Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs like can, may, will that modify the meaning of the main verb. They express ideas like ability, permission, obligation.
- Each modal verb has a specific meaning and usage - for example, "can" expresses ability or permission, "may" expresses permission or possibility, and "must" expresses obligation or necessity.
- Modal verbs are used without conjugation and don't have distinct tenses. They are followed by the base form of the main verb.
The document provides information about the present perfect and simple past tenses in English. It notes that the present perfect connects an action in the past to the present, while the simple past situates an action solely in the past. Examples are given of each tense. The document also discusses using adjectives and adverbs, how to form adverbs from adjectives, and examples of common adverbs. It provides exercises for learners to practice using verbs in the correct tense.
The document discusses modal verbs in English. It defines modal verbs as special verbs that express mood and attitude. Some key points:
- Modal verbs such as can, may, must are used with other verbs to express ideas like ability, permission, obligation.
- Modal verbs are irregular and do not conjugate like normal verbs. They have consistent forms and are always followed by a base verb.
- Common modal verbs include can, could, may, might, must, should, would, shall, will. Each has specific meanings and uses for ability, permission, requests, advice, necessity and more.
- Modal verbs are important for proper English grammar and have many functions in the language
This document discusses the use of adverbs and verbs, specifically adverbs expressing certainty and frequency used with verbs. It provides examples of commonly used adverbs of certainty like definitely, certainly, and probably and how they are placed with verbs like "be", auxiliary verbs, and in negation clauses. Examples are given for exercises placing adverbs in the correct position. The document also discusses using adverbs of frequency, modal auxiliary verbs like should and could, the future tense with "going to", the past perfect tense, and special uses of verbs followed by a gerund and the preposition "to".
This document provides information on the auxiliary verbs can, could, must, shall, and will in English. It discusses their structure, uses, and differences. The key points are:
- Can is used to talk about possibility, ability, requests and permission. Could is used similarly but for past tense.
- Must is used to express necessity or obligation from the speaker's perspective. Must not and mustn't express prohibition.
- Shall and will have different uses - shall for more objective statements and will for more subjective opinions. Shall is also used for promises or commands.
This document contains notes from an English grammar lesson. It includes explanations and examples of several English grammar topics:
- The future perfect tense and how it is formed with "will have" plus the past participle.
- How to form the passive voice and reasons for using it, such as emphasizing the action over the subject. Example sentences are provided.
- The uses of modal verbs like "can", "must", "might" and "have to", along with examples of each.
- Other topics covered include reported speech, quantifiers, and the past simple form of "can". Links to external resources on English grammar are also included.
The document summarizes the main auxiliary and modal verbs in English:
Auxiliary verbs like be, have, and do are used to form tenses, voices, questions, and negatives of other verbs. Modal verbs like can, may, will express meanings like permission, possibility, certainty, and necessity. Modals are often included in the group of auxiliaries. [END SUMMARY]
This sample English lesson outlines the structure and content of a typical lesson. It introduces the teacher, Jeremiah Bourque, and creates a relaxed environment for learning. The lesson covers speech coaching, relaxation techniques, idioms, phrasal verbs, grammar, vocabulary and getting feedback. The overall goal is to help students improve their spoken English in a low-pressure, two-way learning experience.
This document contains three lessons:
1. The first lesson discusses relative clauses, which provide additional information about something in a sentence. They can be essential or non-essential information.
2. The second lesson covers auxiliary verbs like "can", "could", "must", and "may" and their uses for ability, permission, requests, and possibility.
3. The third lesson explains the future form "going to", which is used to talk about plans and predictions based on present evidence, such as "I'm going to see him later today" or "It's going to rain soon."
The document provides definitions and examples of how to use the modal verbs will, would, and used to. It explains that will is used for present intentions or habits while would is used for past intentions, imagined situations, or habitual actions in the past. Used to is used to talk about repeated events or states that no longer exist. The document gives many examples of how these modal verbs are properly used in different contexts like making requests, offers, predictions, or talking about typical behaviors.
This document contains information about various English modal verbs and their uses:
- Might is used to express possibility or in conditional sentences. Will is used for promises or voluntary future actions. Must expresses certainty or obligation. Have to expresses certainty, necessity, or obligation.
- Be going to is used for future plans or intentions based on present evidence. The present continuous is used for future plans when arrangements have already been made and a specific future time is mentioned. Be likely to makes probable predictions.
- The document also includes examples of usage for each modal verb and vocabulary related to conversations.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
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Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
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these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
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crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
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2. What are Modal Verbs?
Modal verbs are special verbs which behave very
differently from normal verbs. Here are some
important differences:
1. Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person.
Examples:
He can speak Chinese.
She should be here by 9:00.
2. You use "not" to make modal verbs negative,
even in Simple Present and Simple Past.
Examples:
He should not be late.
They might not come to the party.
3. 3. Many modal verbs cannot be used in the
past tenses or the future tenses.
Examples:
He will can go with us. Not Correct
She musted study very hard. Not Correct
Common Modal Verbs
Can - Could -May – Might – Must - Ought
to - Shall Should - Will - Would
4. Can
"Can" is one of the most common modal verbs in
English. It can be used to express ability or
opportunity, to request or offer permission, and
to show possibility or impossibility.
Examples:
I can ride a horse. ability
We can stay with my brother when we are in
Paris. opportunity
She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission
Can you hand me the stapler? request
Any child can grow up to be president.possibility
He can’t be that old. Impossibility
5. Could
"Could" is used to express possibility or past ability
as well as to make suggestions and requests.
"Could" is also commonly used in conditional
sentences as the conditional form of "can."
Examples:
Extreme rain could cause the river to flood the city.
Possibility in the past
Nancy could ski like a pro by the age of 11. past ability
You could see a movie or go out to dinner. suggestion
Could I use your computer to email my boss? request
We could go on the trip if I didn't have to work this
weekend. 2nd conditional
6. Had Better
"Had better" is most commonly used to make
recommendations. It can also be used to
express desperate hope as well as warn
people.
Examples:
You had better take your umbrella with you
today. recommendation
That bus had better get here soon! desperate hope
You had better watch the way you talk to me in
the future! warning
"Had better" is often simply pronounced as
"better" in spoken English.
7. Have To
"Have to" is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation.
Examples:
This answer has to be correct. (I am certain about it…) - certainty
The soup has to be stirred continuously to prevent burning. (it’s not
necessary…) - necessity
They have to leave early.( they are obliged…for some reason)
obligation
REMEMBER: "Do not have to" vs. "Must not"
"Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do
something.
"Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something.
Examples:
You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed.
You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not
necessary.
8. Have Got To
"Have got to" is used to express necessity
and obligation.
Examples:
Drivers have got to get a license to drive
a car in the US. (it’s necessary, otherwise…) -
necessity
I have got to be at work by 8:30 AM.(you
are obliged to…) obligation
9. May
"May" is most commonly used to express
possibility. It can also be used to give or
request permission, although this usage is
becoming less common.
Examples:
Cheryl may be at home, or perhaps at work. (… or
may be not…mmm… ) - possibility
Johnny, you may (=can) leave the table when you
have finished your dinner. give permission
May I use your bathroom? (Can I use… more politely) -
request permission
10. Might
"Might" is most commonly used to express possibility. It is also often
used in conditional sentences. English speakers can also use
"might" to make suggestions or requests, although this is less
common in American English.
Examples:
Your purse might be in the living room.- possibility
If I didn't have to work, I might go with you. - conditional
You might visit the botanical gardens during your visit. suggestion
Might I borrow your pen? request
REMEMBER: "Might not" vs. "Could not"
"Might not" suggests you do not know if something happens.
"Could not" suggests that it is impossible for something to happen.
Examples:
Jack might not have the key. Maybe he does not have the key.
Jack could not have the key. It is impossible that he has the key.
11. Must
"Must" is most commonly used to express certainty. It can also be
used to express necessity or strong recommendation, although
native speakers prefer the more flexible form "have to." "Must not"
can be used to prohibit actions, but this sounds very severe;
speakers prefer to use softer modal verbs such as "should not" or
"ought not".
Examples:
This must be the right address! certainty
Students must pass an entrance examination to study at this
school. necessity
You must take some medicine for that cough. strong recommendation
Jenny, you must not play in the street! prohibition
REMEMBER: "Must not" vs. "Do not have to"
"Must not" suggests that you are prohibited from doing something.
"Do not have to" suggests that someone is not required to do
something.
Examples:
You must not eat that. It is forbidden, it is not allowed.
You don't have to eat that. You can if you want to, but it is not
necessary.
12. Modal Verbs Exercise
must - have to
1. I …………….be at the meeting by 10:00. I will…………………. probably take
a taxi if I want to be on time.
2. You…………………. submit the application if it has not been completely
filled out. Check that the name, address, and background information are
correct. If the form is not accurate and complete, you will……………… be
rejected and you will reapply at a later date.
3. Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who
could have sent them?
Stephanie: It……………………… have been David. He's the only one who
would send you flowers.
4. You ……………………forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is
very strict about paying on time.
5. You……………………… be so rude! Why don't you try saying "please"
once in a while.
6. If you are over 18 in California, you …………………..take a driver training
course to get a driver's license. You can have a friend or a family member
teach you instead. But remember, you ………………………..still get your
permit before you start practicing.
13. Ought To
"Ought to" is used to advise or make recommendations.
"Ought to" also expresses assumption or expectation
as well as strong probability, often with the idea that
something is deserved. "Ought not" (without "to") is
used to advise against doing something, although
Americans prefer the less formal forms "should not" or
"had better not."
Examples:
You ought to stop smoking. recommendation
Jim ought to get the promotion. It is expected because
he deserves it.
This stock ought to increase in value. probability
Mark ought not drink so much. advice against
something (notice there is no "to")
14. Notice "Ought not"
Instead of "ought not to," we say "ought not." "Ought not"
is more commonly used in British English. Americans
prefer "should not."
Examples:
You ought not smoke so much.
She ought not take such risks while skiing.
They ought not carry so much cash while traveling.
15. Shall
"Shall" is used to indicate future action. It is often
found in suggestions, such as "Shall we go?"
"Shall" is also frequently used in promises or
voluntary actions. In formal English, the use of
"shall" to describe future events often expresses
inevitability or predestination.
Examples:
Shall I help you? suggestion
I shall never forget where I came from. promise
He shall become our next king. predestination
I'm afraid Mr. Smith shall become our new
director. inevitability
16. Should
"Should" is most commonly used to make
recommendations or give advice. It can also
be used to express obligation as well as
expectation.
Examples:
When you go to Berlin, you should visit the
palaces in Potsdam. (I recomment you to visit…)-
recommendation
You should focus more on your family and less
on work. advice
I really should be in the office by 7:00 AM.
obligation
By now, they should already be in Dubai.
expectation
17. Modal Verbs Exercise
can could have to must might should
1.Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He
…………………………be exhausted after such a long flight. He
…………………………prefer to stay in tonight and get some rest.
2. If you want to get a better feeling for how the city is laid out, you
…………………..walk downtown and explore the waterfront.
3. Hiking the trail to the peak…………………. be dangerous if you are
not well prepared for dramatic weather changes. You
…………………..research the route a little more before you attempt
the ascent.
4. When you have a small child in the house, you
……………………..leave small objects lying around. Such
objects…………………. be swallowed, causing serious injury or
even death.
5. Dave: ……………….you hold your breath for more than a minute?
Nathan: No, I can't.
18. 6. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ………………have cost a
fortune.
7. Please make sure to water my plants while I am gone. If they
don't get enough water, they………………… die.
8. I …………………..speak Arabic fluently when I was a child and we
lived in Egypt. But after we moved back to Canada, I had very little
exposure to the language and forgot almost everything I knew as a
child. Now, I …………………..just say a few things in the language.
9. The book is optional. My professor said we ………………read it if we
needed extra credit. But we …………………..read it if we don't want
to.
10. Leo: Where is the spatula? It ………………be in this drawer but it's
not here.
Nancy: I just did a load of dishes last night and they're still in the
dish washer. It……………… be in there. That's the only other place
it ………………………be.
19. Will
"Will" is used with promises or voluntary
actions that take place in the future. "Will"
can also be used to make predictions
about the future.
Examples:
I promise that I will write you every single
day. promise
I will make dinner tonight. voluntary action
He thinks it will rain tomorrow. prediction
20. Would
"Would" is most commonly used to create
conditional verb forms.
It also serves as the past form of the modal
verb "will."
"would" can indicate repetition in the past.
Examples:
If he were an actor, he would be in adventure
movies. conditional
I knew that she would be very successful in her
career. past of "will"
When they first met, they would always have
picnics on the beach. repetition
21. Multiple Choice Exercise
could – might – should – would
1.Donna: If I won the ten million dollar lottery jackpot, I
……………………afford to quit my job and travel the
world.
Sam: Where ………………….you go if you had that
much money?
Donna: I don't know, I ……………..choose to spend a
year in Paris - or perhaps I …………………..go to Kenya.
Sam: How often do you buy lottery tickets?
Donna: Never... I guess if I want to win the lottery,
I……………. try buying some tickets.
Sam: That……………….. help.
22. Modal Forms
Modal Simple-I could swim at the beach.
Modal Continuous - I could be swimming at the beach right now.
Modal Perfect - I could have swum at the beach yesterday.
Modal Perfect Continuous - I could have been swimming at the beach
instead of working in the office.
Passive Modal Simple -The room should be cleaned once a day.
Passive Modal Continuous - The room should be being cleaned now.
Passive Modal Perfect - The room should have been cleaned
yesterday.
Passive Modal Perfect Continuous - The room should have been
being cleaned but nobody was there. (Rare form)