Modal verbs such as can, could, may, might, shall, should, will, would, must are used with main verbs to express ideas like ability, necessity, or possibility. They have similar meanings but are used differently depending on whether something is possible, probable, certain, or a request. This document provides examples of how each modal verb is used and when they are used to express permission, requests, possibility, preference, necessity, prohibition, convenience, suggestion, prediction, intention and expectation. It also discusses the use of modal verbs with adverbs and combinations of modal verbs.

2. Can Could May Might Shall Should Will Would Must Modals are auxiliary verbs that are used with main verbs to give advice and express ideas like ability, necessity, or possibility.

3. Are expressions with meanings similar to those of modal auxiliaries.

5. I must speak to him as soon as possible Do not use to between the modal and the verb: I must to speak to him is incorrect

6. It is sometimes possible to use one single word modal with a phrasal modal I may be able to come with you.

7. Permission and requests Possibility and probability Ability Preference and desire Necessity, prohibition, and lack of necessity Convenience and suggestion Prediction, intention, and expectation

8. Can – expresses ability in the present Could – expresses ability in the past Be able to – expresses ability in the present, past, and future

9. Must Have to Have got to Should Ought to May Might Could

10. Must, have to, have got to When the speaker is convinced that the situation is almost certainly true.

11. He must be there. His books are on his desk. His car is in the parking lot. His car is in the parking lot.

12. May, might, could He might be home. I don’t really know.

13. Can’t, couldn’t The food can’t be gone. He couldn’t be in Colombia. I saw him yesterday.

14. Will Be going to Should Ought to May Might Could

15. Will, be going to, should, ought to To express certainty about a situation or event predicted - usually used with an adverb: probably, possibly… I will probably come to the party.

16. May Could Can

17. May, could, can Can I use your phone? May I go to the rest room?

18. Would Could Will Can

19. Would, could, will, can Will you open the door for me please?

20. Shall May Could Will Can

21. Shall, may, could, will, can May I carry the books for you?

22. Should, ought to Ought to is not used in the negative You ought to go home if you aren’t feeling well. The city should fix the hole in the road.

23. Must not, cannot You mustn’t eat or drink on the bus. We can’t smoke in this building.

24. Must, have to You have to take the car back to the dealer. I must see my advisor before I register.

25. Would rather, would prefer We would rather go out in the evening. I would prefer to take my car

26. Choose one country (from the list) for each of the following activities that you can do abroad. Give suggestions or state necessity for someone who is travelling to that country. Country: Sightseeing Culture Gourmet cooking Safety Travelling Documents Expenses Weather Best time to visit