This document provides a history of the internet and computers. It discusses the early development of computers in the 1940s-50s for military use. It then covers the creation of ARPANET in the 1960s-70s and its transition to public use. It also discusses the development of personal computers in the 1970s, the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989, and the growth of commercial internet services and browsers in the 1990s. Finally, it covers key components and industries of today's internet such as internet service providers, search engines, social media, and economics.
The ideas for cellular phones were developed in the 1940s. However, it was not until the microprocessor becomes available that practical commercial solutions are possible.
Today there are more than 4.7 billion unique mobile phone subscriptions in the world and of them about 2 billion are smartphones. This device is so powerful that people check it over 40 times a day.
In this lecture we look mobile. We also look at the history of communication since the telegraph and how the mobile market developed in the 80s and 90s until the iPhone was released in 2007. That same year Western Union stopped sending telegraph messages.
Past, present and future of internet with regards to businessrajatmal4
The document discusses the history and future trends of the internet and their implications for business. It outlines how the internet began as a US defense project called ARPANET and expanded throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Tim Berners-Lee is credited with inventing the world wide web in 1990 by combining URLs, hyperlinks, HTML, and HTTP. Currently, the internet sees nearly 10 million new web pages daily and technologies like Web 2.0 allow users to both consume and create content. Businesses are embracing these trends through tools like blogs and wikis for internal and external collaboration. The future will see further customization and personalization online as well as new payment systems and uses of technologies like virtual worlds and social networks.
This document provides an introduction to online marketing and the history of the internet. It discusses how the internet has changed communications and led to new forms of media. It then outlines the major developments in internet technology from the 1950s to present day, including the creation of ARPANET, email, the world wide web, domains, search engines, social media and more. The document emphasizes that internet marketing is about building relationships and satisfying customer needs online. It explains that the internet can be used for all aspects of marketing from communication to sales to customer service.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet from its origins in the 1960s as a research network to its current widespread use globally. It discusses how the Internet was initially developed for research and education purposes and later commercialized. It also outlines key trends in Internet usage over time such as increased wireless access, social media adoption, and cloud computing services.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
The document provides a history of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses early pioneers and inventions like the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage in 1834. Herman Hollerith founded IBM in 1924 building on these early concepts. The document then outlines the development of vacuum tube computers, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and personal computers by companies like Apple. It discusses pioneers like Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, and the invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee. The document concludes by discussing potential future technologies like artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and membrane computing.
In this presentation, we will identify and pay tribute to several of the people who .... been having grand ideas but has never seen them through to completed projects. ... But possess the technical ... the first node on the ARPANET, and the first computer ever on the Internet.
The ideas for cellular phones were developed in the 1940s. However, it was not until the microprocessor becomes available that practical commercial solutions are possible.
Today there are more than 4.7 billion unique mobile phone subscriptions in the world and of them about 2 billion are smartphones. This device is so powerful that people check it over 40 times a day.
In this lecture we look mobile. We also look at the history of communication since the telegraph and how the mobile market developed in the 80s and 90s until the iPhone was released in 2007. That same year Western Union stopped sending telegraph messages.
Past, present and future of internet with regards to businessrajatmal4
The document discusses the history and future trends of the internet and their implications for business. It outlines how the internet began as a US defense project called ARPANET and expanded throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Tim Berners-Lee is credited with inventing the world wide web in 1990 by combining URLs, hyperlinks, HTML, and HTTP. Currently, the internet sees nearly 10 million new web pages daily and technologies like Web 2.0 allow users to both consume and create content. Businesses are embracing these trends through tools like blogs and wikis for internal and external collaboration. The future will see further customization and personalization online as well as new payment systems and uses of technologies like virtual worlds and social networks.
This document provides an introduction to online marketing and the history of the internet. It discusses how the internet has changed communications and led to new forms of media. It then outlines the major developments in internet technology from the 1950s to present day, including the creation of ARPANET, email, the world wide web, domains, search engines, social media and more. The document emphasizes that internet marketing is about building relationships and satisfying customer needs online. It explains that the internet can be used for all aspects of marketing from communication to sales to customer service.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet from its origins in the 1960s as a research network to its current widespread use globally. It discusses how the Internet was initially developed for research and education purposes and later commercialized. It also outlines key trends in Internet usage over time such as increased wireless access, social media adoption, and cloud computing services.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
The document provides a history of computers from ancient counting devices like the abacus to modern computers. It discusses early pioneers and inventions like the Analytical Engine by Charles Babbage in 1834. Herman Hollerith founded IBM in 1924 building on these early concepts. The document then outlines the development of vacuum tube computers, transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and personal computers by companies like Apple. It discusses pioneers like Steve Jobs, Bill Gates, and the invention of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee. The document concludes by discussing potential future technologies like artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, and membrane computing.
In this presentation, we will identify and pay tribute to several of the people who .... been having grand ideas but has never seen them through to completed projects. ... But possess the technical ... the first node on the ARPANET, and the first computer ever on the Internet.
The Internet is a global network that connects computers around the world through wires. It began in the late 1950s and saw rapid growth in the 1970s and 1980s as more computers and networks were connected. By the early 2000s there were over 200 million connected hosts. The Internet allows for fast communication and entertainment through browsing websites, searching online, downloading content, and more. While it provides advantages like cheap communication and access to news and education, it also enables certain disadvantages like encouraging violence, pornography, and reducing outdoor activity for some users.
The Internet is an international network formed by connecting computer networks together with telephone lines, making it the world's most widely used WAN. It originated in 1969 as the US Department of Defense's ARPANET project and grew in the 1980s with NSFnet. Private networks later interconnected with ARPANET and NSFnet to form the modern Internet. The Internet has brought society together globally by providing universally accessible information. It is used for education, communication, commerce, entertainment, and planning activities like travel. When used properly, the Internet acts as a powerful tool that provides vast resources in a short amount of time.
The document provides a history of the development of the internet from the 1940s to 1995. It discusses early pioneers and technologies that laid the foundations for the internet, such as packet switching, TCP/IP, and the ARPANET network. Key people discussed include Vannevar Bush, J.C.R. Licklider, Paul Baran, and Lawrence Roberts. The ARPANET was created in the late 1960s to solve challenges around reliably sending and receiving electronic messages over wide areas.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet. It began as a precursor technology called ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s. In the 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, introducing hyperlinks and URLs that allowed information to be shared over the Internet in a more interactive way. The introduction of graphical web browsers in the mid-1990s, such as Mosaic and Netscape, helped popularize the Internet. Internet usage then exploded from 1994-2000 as major websites like Amazon were launched and people began shopping and browsing online. The future of the Internet will focus on high-speed academic networks to support continued innovation.
This was prepared for my presentation on April 29, 2009, before Dr. Leonard Kleinrock spoke via webcast to my students USC Upstate [in Spartanburg, SC.] I was unable to share it, but I wanted to share my research and enthusiasm I have for one of the greatest technologies - the Internet.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
The document discusses the history and development of the internet. It describes how the internet began with the creation of computers in the 1950s and the ARPANET network launched by the US Defense Department. Over time, internet use expanded from researchers and universities in the US to global use across homes, schools, businesses and more. The document also outlines the development and use of electronic mail and web browsing technologies to share information over the internet.
This was a powerpoint presentation I had done earlier when I was in 5th grade. Hope you enjoy my powerpoint and I would appreciate if you leave a like below. Enjoy !!!!!!!!
Linguist's Software has created font sets for over 2,600 languages that could enable billions of people currently without internet access to get online. The main barrier for most of the unconnected world is a lack of content in their native languages. Linguist's Software's fonts and keyboard software could provide the missing language pieces and allow mobile carriers, tech companies, and others to connect the majority of the remaining global population to the internet for the first time by offering services in their native tongues. Partnering with Linguist's Software would give companies a fast track to achieving global dominance by accessing currently untapped markets.
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY (INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY)bloodyblade06
The document discusses empowerment through technology and information communication technology (ICT). It outlines 9 objectives for students to understand how ICT affects their lives and society. It then defines key concepts of ICT - information as knowledge, communication as transmitting messages, and technology as using knowledge to create tools. The document traces the evolution of communication from pigeons to the internet and smartphones. It defines ICT as using electronic devices and software to locate, save, send, edit and retrieve information from anywhere. ICT consists of information technology, computer technology, and communication technology.
The document provides a history of the internet from its earliest origins to its modern form. It describes how pioneers in the 1940s-1960s laid the conceptual foundations for digital networking, and how the U.S. government and researchers collaborated in the 1960s-1970s to develop the ARPANET, one of the first wide-area computer networks. Key figures who contributed to the development of networking technologies and protocols that allowed the ARPANET to scale into today's internet are also profiled.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet from its origins in the late 1950s to the late 1990s. It traces the key events and innovations that allowed the Internet to grow from a small network connecting universities to a worldwide phenomenon. These include the development of packet switching, the creation of the World Wide Web in 1991, and the release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993. The document also outlines how the Internet is used by audiences for communication, research, commerce, entertainment and more. It notes both advantages like access to information and disadvantages like the potential for harmful content.
Technology creates social isolation and neurosisBrennan Kellett
The document discusses how various technologies have increased social isolation and mental health issues. It outlines the early history of cellphones, texting, video games, and the internet. It argues that while these technologies have made communication easier, they have reduced in-person social interactions and encouraged isolating behaviors like staying home to play video games or communicate online rather than in-person. The conclusion is that while new technologies are helpful, they have also been detrimental to human social lives and well-being by facilitating isolation.
The document discusses the evolution and components of the Internet. It explains that the Internet began as ARPANET, connecting a few computers, and eventually evolved into today's network linking millions of devices globally. It also describes the development of the World Wide Web in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee as a system of interlinked web pages accessible via the Internet. Finally, it outlines the various groups that comprise the modern Internet community, including users, internet service providers, web developers, and infrastructure companies.
The Internet originated from the ARPANET project funded by the US Department of Defense in 1969. It has since grown into a worldwide network connecting billions of devices. While it provides access to vast information and opportunities to connect, some disadvantages include risks of cybercrime, addiction, and exposure to inappropriate content. Overall, the Internet has transformed how people access information and communicate globally.
The document discusses the history and applications of the internet and technology. It begins by defining the internet as a publicly accessible network that transmits data using standard internet protocols. It then discusses the early origins and development of the internet from the 1960s ARPANET through the creation of the World Wide Web in the 1980s. The main applications of the internet are described as email, web browsing using browsers like Chrome and Firefox, and peer-to-peer file sharing. Both advantages like improved communication, information access, and learning, and disadvantages like information loss, spam, and virus attacks are outlined. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding uncertainties around the future internet and enacting policies to guide its evolution in a sustainable way.
The document provides a history of the internet from its origins in the late 1960s to 2002. It discusses early pioneers and networks that laid the foundations for the internet, including the Victorian telegraph, ARPANET, and TCP/IP. Key developments included the creation of ARPANET in 1969, the adoption of TCP/IP in 1984, and the invention of the World Wide Web in 1989. The document pays tribute to many internet pioneers and their contributions, such as Paul Baran who developed the concept of packet switching, and Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn who created the TCP/IP protocol.
Chapter 11 of a university course in media history by Prof. Bill Kovarik, based on the book Revolutions in Communication: Media History from Gutenberg to the Digital Age (Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2015).
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
Each month we select a topic then trawl the trove of Slideshare to find the best presentations and explanation of the topics we advocate for. Sometimes the material will be dry, heavy and other times the presentation might be a pretty dam fine bit of art. This month we have concentrated on Privacy.
The document provides a history of television from its early development to modern times. It discusses the key inventors and early technology in the 1920s-1940s. Standards were developed in the 1940s which allowed the industry to grow rapidly after WWII. Network television emerged in the late 1940s and 1950s, bringing family entertainment into homes. Cable television began in the 1950s and grew substantially between 1970-1990, challenging network dominance. More recently, television has adapted to new technologies like digital, internet streaming, and video recording devices.
This document discusses the history and current state of television news. It covers 6 trends in the news industry, including cutbacks affecting coverage and digital advertising outpacing news revenue. It also provides a brief history of electronic news from early radio to the development of cable news networks. Additional sections discuss understanding the news industry, including the roles of anchors and correspondents, as well as controversies over perceived biases in news reporting and the influence of entertainment values.
The Internet is a global network that connects computers around the world through wires. It began in the late 1950s and saw rapid growth in the 1970s and 1980s as more computers and networks were connected. By the early 2000s there were over 200 million connected hosts. The Internet allows for fast communication and entertainment through browsing websites, searching online, downloading content, and more. While it provides advantages like cheap communication and access to news and education, it also enables certain disadvantages like encouraging violence, pornography, and reducing outdoor activity for some users.
The Internet is an international network formed by connecting computer networks together with telephone lines, making it the world's most widely used WAN. It originated in 1969 as the US Department of Defense's ARPANET project and grew in the 1980s with NSFnet. Private networks later interconnected with ARPANET and NSFnet to form the modern Internet. The Internet has brought society together globally by providing universally accessible information. It is used for education, communication, commerce, entertainment, and planning activities like travel. When used properly, the Internet acts as a powerful tool that provides vast resources in a short amount of time.
The document provides a history of the development of the internet from the 1940s to 1995. It discusses early pioneers and technologies that laid the foundations for the internet, such as packet switching, TCP/IP, and the ARPANET network. Key people discussed include Vannevar Bush, J.C.R. Licklider, Paul Baran, and Lawrence Roberts. The ARPANET was created in the late 1960s to solve challenges around reliably sending and receiving electronic messages over wide areas.
The document discusses the history and evolution of the Internet. It began as a precursor technology called ARPANET, developed by the US Department of Defense in the 1960s. In the 1990s, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web, introducing hyperlinks and URLs that allowed information to be shared over the Internet in a more interactive way. The introduction of graphical web browsers in the mid-1990s, such as Mosaic and Netscape, helped popularize the Internet. Internet usage then exploded from 1994-2000 as major websites like Amazon were launched and people began shopping and browsing online. The future of the Internet will focus on high-speed academic networks to support continued innovation.
This was prepared for my presentation on April 29, 2009, before Dr. Leonard Kleinrock spoke via webcast to my students USC Upstate [in Spartanburg, SC.] I was unable to share it, but I wanted to share my research and enthusiasm I have for one of the greatest technologies - the Internet.
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
The document discusses the history and development of the internet. It describes how the internet began with the creation of computers in the 1950s and the ARPANET network launched by the US Defense Department. Over time, internet use expanded from researchers and universities in the US to global use across homes, schools, businesses and more. The document also outlines the development and use of electronic mail and web browsing technologies to share information over the internet.
This was a powerpoint presentation I had done earlier when I was in 5th grade. Hope you enjoy my powerpoint and I would appreciate if you leave a like below. Enjoy !!!!!!!!
Linguist's Software has created font sets for over 2,600 languages that could enable billions of people currently without internet access to get online. The main barrier for most of the unconnected world is a lack of content in their native languages. Linguist's Software's fonts and keyboard software could provide the missing language pieces and allow mobile carriers, tech companies, and others to connect the majority of the remaining global population to the internet for the first time by offering services in their native tongues. Partnering with Linguist's Software would give companies a fast track to achieving global dominance by accessing currently untapped markets.
EMPOWERMENT TECHNOLOGY (INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY)bloodyblade06
The document discusses empowerment through technology and information communication technology (ICT). It outlines 9 objectives for students to understand how ICT affects their lives and society. It then defines key concepts of ICT - information as knowledge, communication as transmitting messages, and technology as using knowledge to create tools. The document traces the evolution of communication from pigeons to the internet and smartphones. It defines ICT as using electronic devices and software to locate, save, send, edit and retrieve information from anywhere. ICT consists of information technology, computer technology, and communication technology.
The document provides a history of the internet from its earliest origins to its modern form. It describes how pioneers in the 1940s-1960s laid the conceptual foundations for digital networking, and how the U.S. government and researchers collaborated in the 1960s-1970s to develop the ARPANET, one of the first wide-area computer networks. Key figures who contributed to the development of networking technologies and protocols that allowed the ARPANET to scale into today's internet are also profiled.
The document summarizes the history and development of the Internet from its origins in the late 1950s to the late 1990s. It traces the key events and innovations that allowed the Internet to grow from a small network connecting universities to a worldwide phenomenon. These include the development of packet switching, the creation of the World Wide Web in 1991, and the release of the Mosaic web browser in 1993. The document also outlines how the Internet is used by audiences for communication, research, commerce, entertainment and more. It notes both advantages like access to information and disadvantages like the potential for harmful content.
Technology creates social isolation and neurosisBrennan Kellett
The document discusses how various technologies have increased social isolation and mental health issues. It outlines the early history of cellphones, texting, video games, and the internet. It argues that while these technologies have made communication easier, they have reduced in-person social interactions and encouraged isolating behaviors like staying home to play video games or communicate online rather than in-person. The conclusion is that while new technologies are helpful, they have also been detrimental to human social lives and well-being by facilitating isolation.
The document discusses the evolution and components of the Internet. It explains that the Internet began as ARPANET, connecting a few computers, and eventually evolved into today's network linking millions of devices globally. It also describes the development of the World Wide Web in 1989 by Tim Berners-Lee as a system of interlinked web pages accessible via the Internet. Finally, it outlines the various groups that comprise the modern Internet community, including users, internet service providers, web developers, and infrastructure companies.
The Internet originated from the ARPANET project funded by the US Department of Defense in 1969. It has since grown into a worldwide network connecting billions of devices. While it provides access to vast information and opportunities to connect, some disadvantages include risks of cybercrime, addiction, and exposure to inappropriate content. Overall, the Internet has transformed how people access information and communicate globally.
The document discusses the history and applications of the internet and technology. It begins by defining the internet as a publicly accessible network that transmits data using standard internet protocols. It then discusses the early origins and development of the internet from the 1960s ARPANET through the creation of the World Wide Web in the 1980s. The main applications of the internet are described as email, web browsing using browsers like Chrome and Firefox, and peer-to-peer file sharing. Both advantages like improved communication, information access, and learning, and disadvantages like information loss, spam, and virus attacks are outlined. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of understanding uncertainties around the future internet and enacting policies to guide its evolution in a sustainable way.
The document provides a history of the internet from its origins in the late 1960s to 2002. It discusses early pioneers and networks that laid the foundations for the internet, including the Victorian telegraph, ARPANET, and TCP/IP. Key developments included the creation of ARPANET in 1969, the adoption of TCP/IP in 1984, and the invention of the World Wide Web in 1989. The document pays tribute to many internet pioneers and their contributions, such as Paul Baran who developed the concept of packet switching, and Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn who created the TCP/IP protocol.
Chapter 11 of a university course in media history by Prof. Bill Kovarik, based on the book Revolutions in Communication: Media History from Gutenberg to the Digital Age (Bloomsbury, 2nd ed., 2015).
The Internet grew out of US efforts to build the ARPANET, a network of peer computers built during the cold war. The two major players were military and academia. The network was simple and required no efforts for security or social responsibility. The early Internet community was mainly highly educated and respectable scientist. In the early 1990s the World Wide Web, a hypertext system is introduced, and soon browsers start to appear, leading the commercialization of Net. New businesses emerge and a technology boom known as the dot-com era.
The network, now over 40, is being stretched. Problems such as spam, viruses, antisocial behaviour, and demands for more content are prompting reinvention of the Net and threatening its neutrality. Add to this government efforts to regulate and limit the network.
In this lecture we look at the Internet and the impact of the network. We will also look at the future of the Internet.
Each month we select a topic then trawl the trove of Slideshare to find the best presentations and explanation of the topics we advocate for. Sometimes the material will be dry, heavy and other times the presentation might be a pretty dam fine bit of art. This month we have concentrated on Privacy.
The document provides a history of television from its early development to modern times. It discusses the key inventors and early technology in the 1920s-1940s. Standards were developed in the 1940s which allowed the industry to grow rapidly after WWII. Network television emerged in the late 1940s and 1950s, bringing family entertainment into homes. Cable television began in the 1950s and grew substantially between 1970-1990, challenging network dominance. More recently, television has adapted to new technologies like digital, internet streaming, and video recording devices.
This document discusses the history and current state of television news. It covers 6 trends in the news industry, including cutbacks affecting coverage and digital advertising outpacing news revenue. It also provides a brief history of electronic news from early radio to the development of cable news networks. Additional sections discuss understanding the news industry, including the roles of anchors and correspondents, as well as controversies over perceived biases in news reporting and the influence of entertainment values.
The document provides an overview of the history of journalism from ancient times to modern technologies. It discusses how journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to newspapers, radio, television, and digital media. The document also notes that journalism has a long history but also an inspiring tradition of defending free speech and sharing important stories with the public.
Journalism has evolved dramatically over centuries from handwritten clay tablets and newsletters to modern digital media like websites, social media, and blogs. New technologies have changed how news is gathered, produced, and distributed, transforming journalists' roles from gatekeepers of information to navigators who help guide readers. As media have converged online, journalists must adapt storytelling techniques and develop new skills to engage audiences with multimedia content on various digital platforms.
This document provides a history of the recording industry from its origins in the late 19th century to modern digital formats and online distribution. It describes key developments like the invention of the phonograph, the rise of radio and popular music genres. It also summarizes the major labels that dominate the industry, the roles of independents, and issues around royalties, promotion, and distribution. Finally, it outlines some of the controversies around censorship and the cultural effects of music.
This document provides a history of journalism from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses legendary journalists like Mark Twain and Nellie Bly and how the field has evolved with new technologies from the penny press to radio, television, and the internet. The document also examines the rise of objectivity in journalism as yellow journalism declined and discusses different types of modern news consumers and their preferences.
This document provides an overview of public relations as a profession and industry. It discusses the history of public relations, from ancient Greece to modern times. It outlines some of the major events and figures that shaped the development of public relations, such as Ivy Ledbetter Lee being considered the father of modern public relations. The document also describes the current public relations industry, including the top agencies, common PR activities like research and communication, and tools used like press releases. It concludes by discussing some controversies around the ethics of PR tactics such as spinning information and using gifts or junkets with reporters.
This document provides a brief history of newspapers from their origins in China over 1,200 years ago and their development in Europe following Gutenberg's printing press. It discusses the establishment of newspapers in early America and their role in publishing revolutionary ideas and the Civil Rights movement. The document also outlines the modern newspaper publishing industry, including major papers, alternative ethnic papers, and supporting wire services. It concludes by examining controversies in newspaper ownership concentration and lack of diversity in newsrooms.
This chapter discusses the history and current state of media law regarding freedom of expression. It covers the development of free speech philosophy from John Milton in 1644 to protections established in the US Constitution. Early laws like the Sedition Acts restricted criticism of government. The Zenger trial established truth as a defense against sedition charges. Current issues around intellectual property, privacy, libel and newsgathering are analyzed, as well as controversies around censorship and conflicting rights like free press versus right to a fair trial.
This chapter summarizes the history of radio, beginning with early developments in the late 19th century through its growth in popularity in the 20th century. It discusses key inventors and innovations like AM/FM technology. It describes the rise of radio networks and the golden age of radio in the 1930s-40s. The chapter also discusses how radio adapted to competition from television through the transistor radio and format-based programming. It concludes with current trends like concentration of ownership and the transition to digital radio.
The document provides a history of magazines from their origins in the 17th century to modern developments. It outlines key events like the first American magazines failing due to being seen as luxuries. Later, magazines specialized in topics like women's interests and achieved mass audiences. Changes in technology and competition from radio and TV impacted magazines. Today, magazines adapt to new media and expand globally while various types serve different audiences and purposes. Controversies sometimes involve unrealistic beauty standards promoted and credibility issues.
There are several types of audio recorders including analog recorders that use tape, digital recorders that record in compressed or uncompressed digital formats, and consumer or professional models. When choosing a recorder, factors to consider include cost, audio quality, file format support, durability, power source, and input connection types like XLR, TRS, or mini jack. Uncompressed file formats like WAV and AIFF maintain the highest quality but result in larger file sizes.
The document provides an overview of the history and development of the movie industry. It discusses early movie technologies from the late 19th century and the establishment of the first movie studios in Hollywood in the early 20th century. It then summarizes the golden age of Hollywood in the 1930s-40s and how the industry adapted to new technologies and media over time, including television, VCRs, DVDs, and online distribution methods. Finally, it outlines some of the key components and roles within the modern movie production and distribution process and some common controversies involving movie content.
Digital audio involves encoding an audio signal in digital form, making it more reliable than analogue audio which is susceptible to noise and distortion. Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is the standard form of digital audio, representing sampled analogue signals digitally. In 1985, Brothers in Arms by Dire Straits was one of the first mainstream albums recorded fully digitally rather than using analogue equipment. Multitrack recording allows recording sounds separately and combining them, which digital technology has made much easier and more flexible compared to analogue recording. Compact discs store audio using binary data and were a mainstream medium for music in the late 1980s, but CD sales have declined with online distribution and flash drives rising.
This document discusses the history and technology behind different methods of audio recording, including mechanical, magnetic, optical, and digital formats. It covers early developments like the phonograph and gramophone, as well as modern technologies like vinyl record cutting lathes, magnetic tape recording using reel-to-reel and cassette tapes, optical discs like CDs that use lasers to read encoded data pits, and digital audio formats like DAT tapes and portable recorders that store audio digitally. Key advantages of digital formats are freedom from noise, error correction, high information density, and ability to compress data.
This document outlines key concepts in media ethics, including:
- A brief history of media ethics from the penny press era to modern digital media and issues like WikiLeaks
- Basic ethical orientations like absolutism, utilitarianism, and situation ethics
- Conflicting loyalties journalists may face between duty to profession, employer, society
- Conflicts of interest such as relationships, finances, and corporate censorship
- Methods of accountability like ombudsmen, news councils, and professional organizations
Audio for pictures can be grouped into dialog, sound effects, and music/score. Different teams typically work on each element, and they are brought together during final mixing. The document then provides details on the production processes for dialog recording on location, automated dialogue replacement, foley, sound effects, and use of music in pictures.
This document discusses different types of microphones used in film and television production, including lavalier, handheld, and shotgun microphones. It describes the pickup patterns and common uses of each microphone type. Additionally, it covers XLR cables for connecting microphones and various recording accessories like windscreens and pop filters. Tips are provided for recording good quality sound, such as choosing the right microphone, monitoring audio levels, eliminating background noise, and having subjects speak clearly.
Dubbing involves mixing additional sound recordings with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack. During filming, diegetic sounds may be faded to highlight important character dialogue. This seems realistic even though it's not entirely accurate because the sounds establish atmosphere and involve the audience. A mixed soundtrack with adjustments to levels, equalization, panning and effects enhances scenes and storytelling. The dubbing process physically controls sound on a dub stage where mixers balance dialogue, effects, music and more to record the final track. Controlling sound aims to stimulate reality, create illusions and set moods that immerse audiences in the world of the film.
The document discusses the history and development of the internet and e-commerce. It provides details on the origins of the internet starting in 1962 with DARPA and the development of packet switching. Important developments include ARPANET in 1969, TCP/IP in 1972-1973, the transition to TCP/IP in 1983, and the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1990. The document also discusses the origins of e-commerce, including early online shopping systems from 1979 onward and the rise of Amazon, eBay, and PayPal in the 1990s. It covers trends in social commerce, mobile commerce, and personalization.
[GE207] Session01: Introduction to Digital TechnologySukanya Ben
The document provides an introduction and history of digital technology and the internet. It defines digital technology and traces the evolution of computers from early machines to personal computers and mobile devices. It also outlines the history of the internet from its origins as ARPANET to the development of technologies like TCP/IP and the world wide web. Key events and innovations in digital storage, processors, and influential technologies are highlighted in timeline formats.
This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of the Internet. It discusses how the Internet originated from early computer networks developed by ARPA and DARPA in the 1960s-1970s to connect government and university research computers. It then covers the creation of TCP/IP in the 1970s which established the fundamental communication protocols of the Internet. The document also summarizes the commercial opening of the Internet in the 1990s and the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989-1991 by Tim Berners-Lee, which allowed for easy access to hyperlinked documents and multimedia over the Internet.
The document discusses the history and development of computers and the Internet. It describes how the Internet originated as a network for scientists and researchers, and expanded to become a worldwide network connecting billions of devices. It discusses key features of the Internet like email, the World Wide Web, and apps. It also covers trends like social media, broadband access, and how the Internet has impacted society, business, and politics.
Activity 10 timeline history of internetAnnabel Ayson
The timeline documents the key developments in the history of the Internet from 1965 to 2011, including:
- The birth of the Internet in 1969 with the connection of four major universities through ARPANET.
- The development of TCP/IP and email in the 1970s which allowed for expanded connectivity.
- The introduction of browsers in the 1990s which popularized accessing the web.
- The rise of major websites and platforms in the late 1990s and 2000s like Google, Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter which transformed how people use the Internet.
The document traces the history and development of the Internet from its origins as the ARPANET network established by the US Department of Defense in the late 1950s through key developments in the 1980s such as the creation of email and the domain name system. It highlights major events and innovations from the commercialization of the Internet in the 1990s through the growth of e-commerce, social media, and mobile Internet access in the 2000s and 2010s. Major topics covered include the transition from ARPANET to the Internet, the invention of the World Wide Web, the dot-com boom and bust, and the rise of companies like Google, Amazon, YouTube and social networks.
E marketing the essential guide to online marketingrealtop466
eMarketing, Online Marketing, social medial, digital marketing, hocipi.com, marketing technology, information technology, make money online, email marketing
My collage presentation in first semester and also the first presentation in collage.
The Internet & WWW, the difference between both of them the advantages and disadvantages of Internet.
The document provides a history of computing and the internet from the 1600s to present day. It discusses early computers like the adding machine and developments like binary arithmetic. It then outlines the creation of ARPANET in the late 1950s and its goal of decentralized communication. Key developments of the internet are noted like the first email in 1972 and creation of the World Wide Web in 1989. The document also discusses the rise of social media platforms like Facebook and implications of technology like privacy concerns, information overload, and the potential "Evernet" of the future.
The document provides a history of the development of the Internet from the 1950s to present day. It describes how the Internet originated as a US government program called ARPANET to enable communication between researchers. Key developments included the introduction of packet switching in the 1960s, the establishment of TCP/IP protocols in the 1970s, and the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee in the 1990s, which launched the Internet's commercial use and popularity. The document also outlines common modern Internet applications and services such as web browsers, search engines, domain names, and how individuals and businesses connect to access the Internet.
This presentation includes a short overview of the history of internet. also to get a virtual display with better quality checkout my youtube channel SPARKLE SLIDES. Do ckek it out!!
The internet began in the 1950s as a US government network called ARPANET to enable communication in case of nuclear war. In the 1960s, scientists developed packet switching and email, allowing computers to communicate. In the 1970s, protocols like TCP/IP were developed to connect different networks, and the term "internet" was coined. The 1980s saw widespread adoption among researchers, and domains and browsers launched in the 1990s, making the internet publicly accessible. The web, e-commerce, social media, and mobile use transformed the internet in the 2000s into a global communication platform.
The document provides a timeline history of the internet from 1957 to 2012. It describes several key events and innovations such as the creation of ARPA which led to the development of packet switching and the ARPANET, the first email program, the introduction of TCP/IP, the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee, and the launch of popular websites and apps like Google, Facebook, YouTube, and Wikipedia. The timeline traces the evolution of the internet from its origins as a research network to its current ubiquitous role in society.
The document provides a timeline history of the internet from 1957 to 2012. It describes several key events and innovations such as the creation of ARPA which led to the development of packet switching and the ARPANET, the first email program, the introduction of TCP/IP, the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee, and the launch of popular websites and technologies like Google, Facebook, YouTube and Wikipedia. The timeline traces the evolution of the internet from its origins as a US military network to the ubiquitous technology and tool it is today.
The document provides a timeline history of the internet from 1957 to 2012. It describes several key events and innovations such as the creation of ARPA which led to the development of packet switching and the ARPANET, the first email program, the introduction of TCP/IP, the creation of the World Wide Web by Tim Berners-Lee, and the launch of popular websites and apps like Google, Facebook, YouTube, and Wikipedia. The timeline also notes the commercialization of the internet in the late 1990s and early resistance to anti-piracy legislation like SOPA in 2012.
The document provides a history of the internet from its earliest origins to 2002. It discusses pioneers of the internet like Paul Baran who developed the concept of packet switching networks in the 1960s. Key developments include the creation of ARPANET in the late 1960s, the development of TCP/IP in the early 1970s, and the conversion of ARPANET to this standard in 1983 to form the modern Internet. The Internet saw tremendous growth from the late 1980s onward with the creation of the World Wide Web in 1989. The document pays tribute to many pioneers who contributed foundational ideas and technologies to create the Internet.
The document provides a history of the internet from its earliest origins to the late 1990s. It discusses pioneers like Vannevar Bush who first envisioned advanced information systems, and J.C.R. Licklider who developed the concept of a universal network. Key developments included Paul Baran inventing packet switching in the 1960s, the creation of the ARPANET in 1969, the development of TCP/IP in the 1970s, and the creation of the World Wide Web in the 1980s and 1990s which enabled easy access to hypertext documents and popularized the commercial use of the internet. The document pays tribute to the many scientists and engineers whose innovations were crucial to the creation of the internet.
The document provides a history of the creation and early development of the Internet. It discusses pioneers like Paul Baran who developed the concept of packet switching, and Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn who created the TCP/IP protocol. It describes the creation of the ARPANET in 1969 which connected computers at UCLA, Stanford, UC Santa Barbara, Utah, and BBN, laying the foundation for the Internet. It also discusses how the Internet grew throughout the 1970s and 1980s with the development of technologies like Ethernet, TCP/IP, and the World Wide Web.
The document provides a history of the internet from its earliest origins to the late 1990s. It discusses pioneers like Vannevar Bush who first envisioned advanced information systems, and J.C.R. Licklider who developed the concept of a universal network. Key developments include the creation of ARPANET in the 1960s, the development of TCP/IP in the 1970s which provided protocols for reliable data transmission, and the creation of the World Wide Web in the 1990s which made the internet easy to use through browsers and hyperlinks. The document pays tribute to many of the engineers and computer scientists whose innovations were crucial to the creation of the internet as we know it today.
This chapter discusses the history and current state of the book publishing industry. It covers the origins of books from papyrus to the printing press revolution. The modern industry is dominated by a handful of large conglomerates and faces challenges from new technologies like e-books and audiobooks. Key questions include who will produce content, how it will be distributed, and the overall business models for publishers. The chapter also examines controversies in book publishing like censorship and a focus on blockbuster titles.
This chapter discusses the history of media research, current theories and research, and controversies in understanding media effects. It outlines the evolution of media research from early fears and propaganda studies to modern analyses of television effects and new media usage. Current theories examine powerful and minimal effects models as well as flow theories. Research perspectives include diffusion of innovations and cultural studies approaches. Understanding media impact is challenging due to limitations of research and distinguishing correlation from causation.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in media literacy. It discusses what media literacy is, different types of media like print, broadcast and digital, and models of communication including traditional mass communication models and converged media models. It also outlines several career paths related to media like journalism. Finally, it covers the media industries, how they have changed over time due technological innovations, and current issues around media ownership, government regulation, and legal/ethical controversies.
This document provides an overview of the history, industry, and controversies of advertising. It discusses how advertising evolved from early printed handbills to target marketing across diverse media like newspapers, radio, television and the internet. It describes how the advertising industry developed advertising agencies and specialized in audience research and positioning. The document also examines controversies around truth in advertising, advertising to children, and advertiser influence on media content.
The document provides tips for writing a meeting story, including doing research beforehand by getting the agenda and minutes from the previous meeting. It advises identifying the single most important thing that happened and making sure the nut graf in the first few paragraphs explains the who, what, when and where. The tips also suggest dressing appropriately for the meeting, getting a good seat, asking follow-up questions afterwards, and editing out less important details while focusing on the key issues discussed and their importance.
The document provides a brief history of journalism, describing its evolution over centuries from ancient clay tablets to modern digital media. Journalism has progressed through technological advances like bigger printing presses but has also transformed as a form of literary expression that reflects and shapes culture. It is seen both as a quest for free speech and an ongoing struggle between authority and public access to information. The typography of newspapers changed dramatically between 1800 and 1900, becoming more disciplined, entertaining, and essential with features like headlines, ads, and comics sections. Radio and television ultimately ended newspapers' monopoly by providing a more engaging medium.
This document provides an overview of the field of journalism, outlining its long history from ancient times to the modern era. Journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to today's digital media landscape. The profession has seen many technological advances but also consists of storytelling, investigating power structures, and defending free speech. The passage discusses different views of journalism including as a form of expression, a quest for truth, and a business. It prefaces an exploration of 600 years of the media, messages, and politics that have shaped journalism.
Journalism has a long history dating back to ancient times when news was spread via clay tablets, newsletters, and wandering minstrels. Over the centuries, journalism has evolved through technological advances such as printing presses, radio, television, and the internet. Journalism has also played an important role in society by informing the public and defending free speech, though the profession has at times included unsavory characters.
This document provides an overview of the history of journalism from ancient times to the present. It discusses how journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to modern newspapers, radio, television and digital media. The document also touches on some of the challenges journalists have faced, such as attempts to control the spread of information, and how journalism has strived to be an advocate for free speech and help the public learn the truth.
This document provides an overview of the history and evolution of journalism. It discusses how journalism has developed from ancient times using clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to modern technologies like the internet and 24-hour cable news. The document also examines different perspectives on journalism, such as viewing it through the lens of technological progress or as a form of literary expression that reflects culture. It provides tips for writing news stories, including leading with the most essential facts in an inverted pyramid structure and emphasizing the five W's - who, what, when, where, why.
This document provides a brief history of journalism, tracing its evolution from ancient times to the modern era. It notes that early forms of news included clay tablets, handwritten newsletters, and stories spread by wandering minstrels. Technological advances like the printing press, radio, television, and the internet have dramatically impacted the journalism industry over centuries. The text also references debates around viewing journalism through lenses of technological progress, literary expression, or as a quest for free speech.
The document provides a brief history of journalism, noting that while it has included "bloid trash" and "slimy sensationalists," it is also full of heroes who risk their lives to tell important stories. It traces the evolution of how news has been communicated over centuries, from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to modern newspapers, radio, television, and the internet. The history of journalism is viewed by some as a story of technological progress, while others see it as a specialized form of expression or a struggle for free speech.
The document provides tips for writing scripts for broadcast media. It recommends writing as you would speak to make the writing sound natural and like a real person. Some key tips include using simple sentences with one idea each, putting attributions before quotes, avoiding passive voice and hypothetical questions, and spelling out foreign words to avoid stumbling during reading. The overall goal is to communicate with listeners in a conversational style.
This document outlines 10 rules of audio production according to Regina McCombs of the Poynter Institute for Media Studies. The rules include: using audio to tell powerful stories; asking open-ended questions in interviews; gathering environmental sounds; planning interviews thoroughly; understanding audio equipment; knowing that audio cannot be edited after recording; listening skills; monitoring audio quality; crafting compelling stories from audio clips; and keeping productions concise. The document provides brief explanations and tips for each rule.
This document discusses principles of fair and balanced journalism. It advocates presenting all important views on a subject without personal bias and ensuring factual accuracy. Reporters should get perspectives from both sides and give sources a chance to respond, while avoiding loaded or misleading language. When verifying assertions, journalists shouldn't create a false balance between legitimate experts and fringe positions. They should also question statistically implausible claims and select wording carefully to avoid bias.
The document provides a summary of fair use guidelines for student journalists. It explains that fair use allows for limited use of copyrighted work without permission to encourage creativity. It outlines that fair use considers the purpose of the use, nature of the work, amount used, and commercial effect. The document advises that small portions (less than 29 seconds of music) are generally allowed for commentary or news coverage, especially if the copyright holder is the subject. Attribution alone does not constitute fair use; permission is required for most uses.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
14. A Brief History of the Net
The Computer
• The first rudimentary computer was the abacus, a
simple counting aid invented around 3000 BC in
Babylonia, or what is now Iraq.
• Both Germans and Americans developed huge
electronic computers during WW II for the accurate
placement of artillery and code breaking.
• The integrated circuit, which enabled electronic
components to be manufactured in a solid block
without connecting wire, became available in 1959.
This allowed computers to become more powerful, by
making their electronics smaller.
16. A Brief History of the Net
Early computers were made up of three components:
• The processor, or CPU (for “central processing unit”),
which actually processes the algorithms that “crunch
the numbers.”
• Memory, or RAM (for “random access memory”),
which holds the data currently being worked with.
• Storage (a hard drive or some other device), which
stores data, including programs and documents.
In the 1960s IBM became the first large, successful computer
manufacturer.
27. A Brief History of the Net
• During the 1970s integrated circuits, now called “chips,”
were becoming smaller, more powerful and less expensive.
Young enthusiasts like Bill Gates and Steve Jobs were busy
writing programming language.
• By 1977, Apple Computer was selling a small personal
computer for a little more than $1,000.
• The early Internet was developed with military funds
when, in response to the Cuban missile crisis, ARPA
(Advanced Research Projects Agency) began to hook
computers together into networks.
• Like radio, the Internet was put to civilian use after the
government helped to develop it.
28. A Brief History of the Net
The History of Internet
• Animated video
• Phone Phreaking
• Pranksters at the creation
29. A Brief History of the Net
Going Digital
• Scientists convinced senior military officials that
computers could be used for digital
communication which would be more accurate
and reliable because a message converted into
digits could be sent without distortion.
• Programmers developed protocols, or codes that
allow one machine to communicate with
another, because early computers had been
developed by different companies and were not
compatible.
30. A Brief History of the Net
From the Military to the Civilian Net
• The U. S. Department of Defense (DOD)
completed its national system of computers in 1969
and called it ARPANET, for Advance Research
Project Agency Network.
• In 1979, civilian researchers who had been excluded
from ARPANET invented USENET, which drew
on the technology developed by DOD but included
the ability to support discussion groups that could
carry on conversations in real time and newsgroups
in the form of online bulletin boards.
31. A Brief History of the Net
The First Commercial Online Services
• The first successful general interest online service
was Compuserve, whose early users had to master
complex codes and commands to retrieve the
simplest information.
• Microsoft’s Bill Gates and Apple co-founder Steve
Jobs led a revolution in which business and
educational institutions became equipped with
personal computers, and those who used them at
work purchased units for home.
• America Online (AOL) easier to use.
32. A Brief History of the Net
The World Wide Web
• In 1989, British researcher Tim Berners-Lee invented
the World Wide Web, a software system that simplifies
access to files on Internet computers.
• The Web was based on the use of hypertext links
(hyperlinks), which are highlighted words and images
within the Web page that allow the user to move to
another site by simply pointing and clicking a mouse.
• By 1995, so many people were online that it was no
longer useful for national security purposes, and the
military turned it over to the public sector.
34. A Brief History of the Net
Global Dimensions
• The Internet has made the world a “global village” by
allowing web surfers to connect on a personal level with
others in different countries every day.
• Iran, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, Syria, China, and Myanmar
permit limited or no Internet access.
• There is more cultural diversity on the Web than in other
mediums. Women, African
Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, Asians and
Gays and Lesbians have their own portals (sites from
which people begin surfing).
35. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
The Architecture of the Net
• Users connect to the Internet via host computers belonging
to Internet service providers (ISPs).
• ISPs include broadband services provided by cable
television coaxial and fiber optic lines, telephone
companies’ dedicated service lines (DSL), and dial-up
services such as AOL. The more expensive broadband
ISPs are rapidly replacing the older dial-up ISPs.
• Major ISPs have proprietary content such as e-mail
services, chat rooms, forums on everything from astrology
to zoology, and stock portfolio managers that allow users to
follow personal investments.
36. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Internet Addresses
• Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) are Internet addresses
that connect to sites on a particular machine.
• E-mail addresses have a user I.D. before the @ and a
domain after it, as in President@whitehouse.gov.
• The most common protocol beside e-mail is hypertext
transfer protocol (http), which enables computers to
recognize links on the Web.
• Hypertext mark up language (html) is the basic language
used to write http.
• Java is a programming language used for animated images
and advanced sound applications
37. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Networks attached to the Internet are organized into a
limited number of categories:
• .com (dot com) for commercial entities
• .edu for educational entities
• .gov for U.S. government
• .org for nonprofit organizations
• .net for network access providers
• .jp is for Japan and .mx is for Mexico
Some speculators began cybersquatting, registering
trademarked names with hopes of reselling them to the
companies that owned the trademarks, but the practice
became illegal in 1999.
38. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Browsers
• A Web browser such as Mozilla’s Firefox, Apple’s Safari or
Microsoft’s Internet Explorer decodes the hypertext
language used in Web documents, allowing Net surfers to
click and jump through these dense data fields.
• Users can navigate through sites by using hyperlinks, icons
(small symbols), pull-down menus, and “hot spots” that
turn a cursor into a pointing hand. These features are
called GUIs (gooeys), for Graphical User Interfaces.
• Users “visit” a site by downloading a page of information
into the memory of the user’s computer.
39. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Search Engines
• A traditional search engine sends out automated software
robots called “spiders” or “crawlers” to discover new sites
and categorize them according to the information
contained on their home page.
• Site owners submit home page information to directories
and editors assign it to a category. Directories won’t return
as many results as the traditional search engine, but are
often more accurate.
• All major search engines are hybrid search engines which
have both robots and human editors.
• Metacrawlers, such as Dogpile and Hotbot, combine
results from more than one search engine at a time.
41. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
• Personal Web pages enable Internet users
to tell the world about themselves.
• Web logs, or blogs for short are online
journals.
• MMORPGS, or massively multiplayer
online role playing games, are very
popular.
• MOOCS: Massively Open Online Course
42. Internet and culture
• Hive mind acceptance
• Cyberbullying
• Shallowness vs. depth
• Present shock
• Online vs. IRL friendships
• language
• Anonymity
• Communities without borders
43. Four stages of Internet development
• Web portals
• AOL, Yahoo
• Search engines
• Google
• Social media
• MySpace, Facebook
• What’s next?
• #twitter_rules_the_world?
44. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
The Economics of the Net
• Jerry Yang and Dave Filo, the founders of Yahoo!,
started in a trailer at Stanford University. Sergey Brin
and Larry Page developed Google’s technology in
Page’s Stanford dormitory room. Both companies are
worth billions today.
• Network engineers design and build systems that make
up the Internet. Most work for telecommunications
companies, network service providers and information
technology firms.
• Network managers provide day-to-day maintenance of
local systems, also called Intranets and LANs (local
area networks).
45. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
• Systems-oriented Webmasters have computer science
and programming skills, and understand networking
protocols and software involved in running a web site.
• Content-oriented Webmasters have backgrounds in
media, editing, graphic design, desktop publishing, and
art. They are often called “producers.”
• Knowledge workers use the Net and other information
sources in their work. The might be content providers
such as online journalists who post information on the
Net or workers who use information provided on the
Net, such as print and broadcast journalists.
46. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Revenue Sources
• Online commerce, or e-commerce is the selling of goods
and services online. Almost anything can be sold over the
Net and it is a very inexpensive way for most businesses
to bring goods and services to market.
• Companies that are successful with e-commerce are
usually those that take advantage of the Net’s unique
capabilities: its interactivity, its ability to target very
specific customers and its ability to offer inventories that
couldn’t exist in physical space.
• Walmart.com carries six times as many items as the
largest Wal-mart store.
47. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Advertising
• Ads on popular Web pages allow surfers to
access the advertiser’s Web pages with the
click of a mouse but pop-up ads are seen as
intrusive and as cluttering up the memory of
the user’s computer.
• Spyware programs track user activities and
report them back to advertisers.
48. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Paid Content
• Users seem willing to pay for online education in
the form of distance learning courses, Web based
information services such as Lexis/Nexis, and
online pornography.
• Millions of Americans visit at least one online
dating site such as Yahoo Personals, Match.com,
or eHarmony.com every month.
49. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Online Dangers: Hacker Attacks
• Hacker used to mean a person who was
proficient at using or programming a
computer. In recent years, the term has been
used to describe a person who uses programs
to gain illegal access to a computer network
or file.
• A virus is a computer program designed to
reproduce itself by copying itself into other
programs stored in a computer.
50. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Online Dangers: Hacker Attacks
• Some viruses are harmless, others can
corrupt a computer’s memory, cause
programs to operate incorrectly or delete key
files.
• Anti-virus software will both detect and
eliminate viruses.
• A firewall program is installed to prevent
unauthorized access.
51. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Online Dangers: Hacker Attacks
• Worms take over e-mail systems and send themselves to
other computers from the infected computer’s address
book.
• Trojan horses sneak into infected computers disguised
as something else.
• Phishing is the practice of sending out official-looking e-
mails that use stolen brand names and trademarks of
legitimate banks and Internet merchants with the intent
of luring the victim into revealing sensitive information,
such as credit card details.
• Spam, or unsolicited e-mail messages, have seriously
disrupted the efficiency of e-mail.
52. Understanding Today’s Internet
Industry
Online Dangers: Hacker Attacks
• By 2004, one-third of e-mail users reported
that 80 percent or more of incoming e-mail
was spam.
• The first federal law to address spam was not
effective because many spammers operate
out of the country and outside of U.S.
jurisdiction.
53. Controversies
Control versus Freedom
• The unlimited freedom of the Internet has caused a
number of problems:
• Propagation of Viruses
• Fraud
• Spam
• Copyright infringement
• Child pornography
• Identity theft
Proposals to control the Internet include requiring an
Internet driver’s license for all users, or electronically
watermarking every computer, program and file.
54. Controversies
Commercialism Versus Public Service
• Net neutrality: Should there be centralized
commercial control of the Internet?
• Wi-Fi or wireless fidelity, high-speed wireless
Internet access.
• Proposals to control the Internet include requiring
an Internet driver’s license for all users, or
electronically watermarking every computer,
program, and file.
55. Controversies
Censorship
• The Internet offers the First Amendment its biggest
challenge.
• The Communications Decency Act of 1996, made it
illegal to make “indecent communication” available to
anyone under 18, but was overturned by the Supreme
Court because it was too broad.
• Hate groups and racist organizations openly exist on
the Web.
• Sites list bomb-making instructions and give advice on
procuring stolen credit cards.
• There are gambling sites in communities where
gambling is illegal.
56. Controversies
Privacy
• All Manner of Personal Information is Online:
• Patterns of credit card purchases.
• Secret contents of personal e-mails.
• Spyware tracks user activities and reports them back to
advertisers.
• Sites place cookies on the hard drives of visitors and
track their movement through other sites.
• Sites say tracking enables them to personalize
advertising and other services, but privacy advocates
say few consumers realize they are monitored. Others
users find it difficult to opt out.
57. Controversies
Reliability of Information
• The Internet is a mass of unedited information in which
credible content sits side-by-side, in the same format,
with nonsense and fraud.
• Library experts suggest the following four criteria to
evaluate Web pages used for research:
• Attribution: Are the author and publishing institution
listed? Can the URL be traced?
• Authority: What credentials are listed for the author?
• Objectivity:What are the author’s objectives?
• Currency: How up-to-date is the information?
58. Chapter 10
The Internet: Convergence in a Networked
World
Chapter Outline
• History
• Industry
• Controversies