Week two lecture
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Internet and the World Wide Web
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Week two lecture
- 1. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION Internet and its application Learning Objectives The learner must be able to: 1. Define internet 2. Identify other networks 3. Explain the world wide web 4. Explain how to web create the web
- 2. Internet, the definitions ⢠The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide. ⢠Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect. ⢠However, a network is a cluster of computers, with one computer acting as a server to provide network services such as file transfer, e-mail, and document printing to the client computers or users of that network.
- 3. Internet, the definitions ⢠The Internet is considered as network of network ⢠Using gateways and routers, a local area network (LAN) can be connected to other LANs to form a wide area network (WAN). ⢠These LANs and WANs can also be connected to the Internet through a server that provides both the necessary software for the Internet and the physical data connection (usually a high-bandwidth telephone line, coaxial cable TV line, or wireless)
- 4. ⢠The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services ⢠The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or policies for access and usage Related Networking lexicons ⢠Intranet ⢠Extranet ⢠Ethernet
- 5. Internet Services Service Purpose ftp For transferring files between computers; can be anonymous or password protected (from File Transfer Protocol) gopher For menus of material available on the Internet (seldom used) http For posting and reading documents (from the Hypertext Transfer Protocol used by the World Wide Web) https For posting and reading encrypted (secure) documents imap For receiving electronic mail (from Internet Message Access Protocol) irc For real-time text messaging (from Internet Relay Chat) mud For real-time game playing (from MultiUser Dimension) pop For receiving electronic mail (from Post Office Protocol) rtsp For streaming media control (from Real Time Streaming Protocol) telnet For logging on and working from remote computers smtp For sending mail (Simple Mail Transport Protocol) usenet For participating in discussion groups (from USERS NETwork)
- 6. Internet Services ⢠Each Internet service is implemented on an Internet server by dedicated software known as a daemon. (Actually, daemons only exist on Unix/Linux systemsâ on other systems, such as Windows, the services may run as regular applications or background processes.) ⢠Daemons are agent programs that run in the background, waiting to act on requests from the outside. In the case of the Internet, daemons support protocols.
- 7. History of the Internet ⢠The Internet began as a research network funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the U.S. Defense Department, when the first node of the ARPANET was installed at the University of California at Los Angeles in September 1969. ⢠By the mid-1970s, the ARPANET âinter-networkâ embraced more than 30 universities, military sites, and government contractors, and its user base expanded to include the larger computer science research community.
- 8. History of the Internet ⢠In 1989, responsibility and management for the ARPANET was officially passed from military interests to the academically oriented NSF, and research organizations and universities (professors and students alike) ⢠Commercial and business use of the Internet was not permitted until 1992, but businesses have since become its driving force. How the Internet Spread ⢠Three inventions that spread the use of the Internet were: ⢠The personal computer (early 1980s) ⢠The World Wide Web (1989) ⢠The browser (1991)
- 9. The World Wide Web (www), definition ⢠The World Wide Web (abbreviated as WWW or W3, commonly known as the Web), is a system of interlinked hypertext documents (HTML doc) accessed via the Internet. ⢠Also seen as a wide-area hypermedia information initiative aiming at providing universal access to a large universe of information Differences between the Internet and Web ⢠The Internet and the WWW are not synonymous
- 10. How is information accessed on the Web ⢠In its simplest expatiation
- 11. How is information accessed on the Web In order to connect to the Internet you must have: ⢠A modem: allows your computer to send and receive signals through telephone lines ⢠An Internet service provider (ISP): required for all home connections ⢠Browser software: might need plug-in programs to retrieve some types of media applications
- 12. How is information accessed on the Web (Connecting to the Internet) Modem (modulator-demodulator) ⢠External Modem: This is a modem separated from the system unit in the computer case. It is connected to the serial port of the computer by means of a cable. It is connected to the telephone wall jack by another cable. ⢠Internal Modem: An internal modem is a circuit board (a modem card) that can be added to the system unit of the computer. It takes one of the expansion slots.
- 13. How is information accessed on the Web (Connecting to the Internet) An Internet service provider (ISP) or Internet access provider (IAP): ISPs employ a range of technologies to enable consumers to connect to their network through: ⢠Dial-up ⢠DSL (Digital Subscriber Line), ⢠ADSL (typically Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) ⢠Broadband wireless, ⢠Cable modem, ⢠Fiber to the premises (FTTH)
- 14. How is information accessed on the Web ⢠What transpires on the Internet
- 15. How is information accessed on the Web (Connecting to the Internet) Browser software (See below for further explanation): Is a software application for retrieving, and presenting information resources on the Wsorld Wide Web. Information the web is identified or located by Uniform Resources Identifier (URI) or Uniform Resource Locator (URL) Early browsers: ⢠Mosaic = 1993 by ⢠Nescape Navigator = 1994 ⢠Internet explorer = 1995
- 16. Web Browser, definition ⢠Web browsers are information-rendering software applications ⢠software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web ⢠used to access information provided by web servers in private networks or files in file systems. ⢠Early browsers included WorldWideWeb (Nexus), Mosaic (Netscape) and Netscape Navigator ⢠Examples of popular web browsers include Google Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer (IE), Safari and Opera
- 17. Navigating the Web In order to work with multimedia on the Internet, you must understand: ⢠The browser screen and its standard elements ⢠URL addresses and the information they contain
- 18. Features of Web Browsers Dropdown Menu Tab Display Address Bar Search Bar with Search Engine Refresh Button which doubles as Cancel button Hit Display Area Bookmarks Toolbar Backward Button
- 19. Features of Web Browsers Address Bar doubling as Search Bar Forward Button Backward Button Dropdown Menu
- 20. Features of URL / URI https://www.schoology.com/assignments/index.html Uniform Resource Locator / Uniform Resource Identifier https://www.schoology.com/ This address is an internet serve that uses hypertext transfer protocol This represent the internet service know as World Wide Web This belongs to a company called Schoology. It is technically described As Domain Name
- 21. Surfing with Web Search Engine ⢠Information resource gateway for surfing information online ⢠It is designed to search for information on the World Wide Web. ⢠Search results are referred to as Search Engine Results Page (SERP) ⢠SERP contain Hits populated on the browserâs display pages ⢠Hits = targets + source / Destination
- 22. Examples of Web Search Engine Yahoo, Google, Bing, Yandex, AOL, Daemon, Baidu and Ask Web Resource (Website) ⢠Website is a set of related webpages containing multimedia types and hosted on a server with a single domain name ⢠Webpage is an information resource, or specifically an HTML document suitable for the World Wide Web and can be accessed through a web browser
- 23. Form of Website ⢠Static website (flat page): contains static webpages and are delivered to the user exactly as stored (interaction takes place at client side) ⢠Dynamic website: contains active or dynamic pages, self automated and can customize it content based client interaction (dynamic code and dynamic content) ⢠Rich Internet Applications: desktop app with rich user experience. Web application that has many of the characteristics of desktop application software
- 24. Taxonomy of Website ⢠Blog (weblog) ⢠Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) ⢠Gripe site ⢠Gallery site ⢠Dating Site ⢠Phishing Site ⢠Warez and Torrent Site ⢠Question and Answer sites
- 25. Building a Website To build a website â dynamic or static- the developer must understand any of these fundamental scripting languages. HTML â Hypertext Markup Language: popular structural semantic language for structuring webpages. HTML 5 is the latest SGML â Standard General Markup Language DHTML â Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language XML â Extensible Markup Language XHTML â Extensible Hypertext Markup Language MXML â Macromedia Extensible Markup Language
- 26. Client/Server Architecture ( N-Tier)
- 27. Building a Website (client/server scripting language) Client-side languages ⢠HTML, CSS, JavaScript and AJAX Server-side language ⢠PHP, Perl, ASP, Cold Fusion, Ruby on rail, JSP and Python Databases (Relational Database Management System) ⢠MySQL, NoSQL, Sybase, Oracle, MSSQL, Web Server Software ⢠A web server (sometimes called an HTTP server or application server) is a program that serves content using the HTTP protocol. E.g. Internet Information Service (IIS), Apache, Nginx, Lighttpd etc.
- 28. Building a Website (contâd) Tool for developing websites ⢠Simple text editors ⢠WYSIWYG offline editors ⢠WYSIWYG online editors ⢠Template-based editors
- 29. Deploying a Website (contâd) ⢠Websites are deployed on to a server for world wide access ⢠Dedicated server, shared server or virtual server ⢠Buy domain name and server space ( monthly / yearly subscription) for a hosting service provider ⢠hosting service provider eg. GoDaddy, Hostgator, Google, Yahoo, aspspider etc.
- 30. Evolution of the WWW ⢠Four altered evolutions emanating from the web x.0 concept Web 1.0 ⢠Publishing web or the info-centric web ⢠Focused on primarily building the web, making it accessible to the web client and commercializing the web for the first time ⢠Email communication was most effective
- 31. Web 2.0 ⢠Publishing web or people-centric web ⢠Focused on participation, interaction and collaboration ⢠Application platform + personal computer for communication ⢠blogs, wikis, social networks, and RSS feeds are web services that has brought about technical and social revolution
- 32. Web 3.0 ⢠Semantic web or Machine-centric web ⢠Focused on connecting knowledge and application ⢠universal computing grid replacing operating system and hard drive, resulting in large and dynamic groups of machines connected to each other. ⢠Web 3.0 is a convergence of several new technologies and service
- 33. Web 4.0 ⢠Intelligent web or Smart web or Agent-centric web ⢠Combines the power of human and machine ⢠enables the software agent(s) to reason and communicate with other agents and systems and work collaboratively to accomplish things on userâs behalf (Agent-Centric)
- 34. Searching the Web Use search engines to find the right Web page: ⢠Create search queries that include keywords. ⢠Use Boolean search strategies to narrow your search. ⢠Use the right search engine to conduct faster, more efficient searches.
Editor's Notes
- LAN A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building using network media. The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide area networks (WANs), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines. WAN A computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs). Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be connected through leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet. Extranet A buzzword that refers to an intranet that is partially accessible to authorized outsiders. Whereas an intranet resides behind a firewall and is accessible only to people who are members of the same company or organization, an extranet provides various levels of accessibility to outsiders. You can access an extranet only if you have a valid username and password, and your identity determines which parts of the extranet you can view. Intranet A network based on TCP/IP protocols (an internet) belonging to an organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization's members, employees, or others with authorization. An intranet's Web sites look and act just like any other Web sites, but the firewall surrounding an intranet fends off unauthorized access. ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). What is interplanetary network or InterPlaNet?
- LAN A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building using network media.[1] The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide area networks (WANs), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines. WAN A computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs). Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be connected through leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet. Extranet A buzzword that refers to an intranet that is partially accessible to authorized outsiders. Whereas an intranet resides behind a firewall and is accessible only to people who are members of the same company or organization, an extranet provides various levels of accessibility to outsiders. You can access an extranet only if you have a valid username and password, and your identity determines which parts of the extranet you can view. Intranet A network based on TCP/IP protocols (an internet) belonging to an organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization's members, employees, or others with authorization. An intranet's Web sites look and act just like any other Web sites, but the firewall surrounding an intranet fends off unauthorized access. ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). What is interplanetary network or InterPlaNet?
- LAN A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building using network media.[1] The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide area networks (WANs), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines. WAN A computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs). Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be connected through leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet. Extranet A buzzword that refers to an intranet that is partially accessible to authorized outsiders. Whereas an intranet resides behind a firewall and is accessible only to people who are members of the same company or organization, an extranet provides various levels of accessibility to outsiders. You can access an extranet only if you have a valid username and password, and your identity determines which parts of the extranet you can view. Intranet A network based on TCP/IP protocols (an internet) belonging to an organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization's members, employees, or others with authorization. An intranet's Web sites look and act just like any other Web sites, but the firewall surrounding an intranet fends off unauthorized access. ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). What is interplanetary network or InterPlaNet?
- LAN A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers in a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building using network media.[1] The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide area networks (WANs), include their usually higher data-transfer rates, smaller geographic area, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines. WAN A computer network that spans a relatively large geographical area. Typically, a WAN consists of two or more local-area networks (LANs). Computers connected to a wide-area network are often connected through public networks, such as the telephone system. They can also be connected through leased lines or satellites. The largest WAN in existence is the Internet. Extranet A buzzword that refers to an intranet that is partially accessible to authorized outsiders. Whereas an intranet resides behind a firewall and is accessible only to people who are members of the same company or organization, an extranet provides various levels of accessibility to outsiders. You can access an extranet only if you have a valid username and password, and your identity determines which parts of the extranet you can view. Intranet A network based on TCP/IP protocols (an internet) belonging to an organization, usually a corporation, accessible only by the organization's members, employees, or others with authorization. An intranet's Web sites look and act just like any other Web sites, but the firewall surrounding an intranet fends off unauthorized access. ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies for local area networks (LANs). What is interplanetary network or InterPlaNet?
- How is information accessed on the internet/web
- How is information accessed on the internet/web
- Amazon search, Blekko, Volunia, Yebol, and blackie.com
- Disadvantages of static website: Any personalization or interactivity has to run client-side, which is restricting. Maintaining large numbers of static pages as files can be impractical without automated tools. A Rich Internet Application (RIA) is a Web application that has many of the characteristics of desktop application software, typically delivered by way of a site-specific browser, a browser plug-in, an independent sandbox, extensive use of JavaScript, or a virtual machine. Created with Adobe flash, Adobe flash builder, silverlight, JavaFX Open Laszlo and HTML 5
- Communication on the internet is based on an architecture described as client-server architecture. One popular architecture used by web developers is known as the N-tier architecture. The N represent the Number of phases the development will have to go through. Typically, developer adopt these three phase namely: Presentation Tier Business/logic Tier Data Tier
- Simple or Plain text editors: sublime text(cp) Atom (cp) Eclipse/ Aptana (cp) TextMate(OSX) coda (OSX) Espresso (OSX) chocolate (OSX) Komodo IDE (cp) Notepad++ (w) PSPad(w) WYSIWYG offline editors e.g. Adobe Muse, Adobe Dreamweaver, Adobe Edge, Coffee Cup WYSIWYG online editors e.g. JS fiddle, JS Bin Code Pen, ICEcoder, Divshot, Codio, codeanywhere, textarea (browser based cp) CodeMirror (BB cp) Template-based editors: HTML 5 Boilerplate, Zurbs Foundation, Twitter Bootstrap, Wordpress *cp = cross platform *BB = browser based *w = windows *OSX = Mac
- Web 1.0 generation - is about connecting information (Info-Centric). The focus of Web 1.0 was primarily on building the web, making it is accessible, and commercializing it for the first time. This generation of Web provides opportunities for people to communicate with other people and businesses using their personal computing devices. The users of this first generation of the Web go through the web sites of businesses to find the information they want and use the email to communicate with people they know. However, the machine and its ability to connect remains at the core of this web generation.
- Web 2.0 generation is about connecting people (People-Centric) together, participation, interaction and collaboration. The Web in this generation provides the application platform that complements the personal computer used for communication in the earlier generation. The support of an application platform and the ability to create, store and execute applications, has resulted in a technical as well as a social revolution in the use of web. The blogs, wikis, social networks, and RSS feeds, as well as the continued growth Web 2.0 applications have been popular and used in past few years. Web Services (WS), referred to earlier, are a successful application of web technology in the generation of Web 2.0. Users cannot only get information from the business but also get services and pay for them across the net. Furthermore, people-to-people interaction moves from communication using emails to creation of social networks and groups resulting in sharing of information, thoughts and knowledge across the web.
- This Web 3.0 is a convergence of several new technologies and service, such as mobility connectivity, network computing, services business, open technologies and open identity