This document provides an overview of the field of journalism, outlining its long history from ancient times to the modern era. Journalism has evolved from clay tablets and handwritten newsletters to today's digital media landscape. The profession has seen many technological advances but also consists of storytelling, investigating power structures, and defending free speech. The passage discusses different views of journalism including as a form of expression, a quest for truth, and a business. It prefaces an exploration of 600 years of the media, messages, and politics that have shaped journalism.

1. lcome to the world of
urnalism, where
porters have been
gging dirt, raking muck,
king headlines and
adlines for centuries
w. It’s a history full of
bloid trash, of slimy
nsationalists, of
runkards, deadbeats and
mmers” (as a Harvard
iversity president once
scribed reporters).
But it’s a history full of
roes, too: men and
men risking their lives
tell stories of war and
agedy, risking
prisonment to defend
ee speech. And as you
n see here, reports have
come beloved characters
p culture, too, turning up
movies, comics and TV
ows as if guided by an
cult hand.
Every culture seeks
effective ways to spread
new information and gossip.
In ancient times, news was
written on clay tablets. In
Caesar’s age, Romans read
newsletters compiled by
correspondents and
handwritten by slaves.
Wandering minstrels spread
news (and the plague) in the
Middle Ages. Them came
ink on paper. Voices on
airwaves. Newsreels, Web
sites, And 24-hour cable
news networks.
Thus when scholars
analyze the rich history of
journalism, some view it in
terms of technological
progress—for example, the
dramatic impact of bigger,
faster printing presses.
Others see journalism as
a specialized form literary
expression, one that’s
constantly evolving,
reflecting and shaping its
culture.
Others see it as an
inspiring quest for free
speech, an endless power
struggle between Authority
(trying to control
information) and the People
(trying to learn the truth).
Which brings to mind the
words of A.J. Liefling:
“Freedom of the press is
guaranteed only to htose
who own one.”
In the pages ahead, we’ll
take a quick tour of 600
years of journalism history,
from hieroglyphics to
hypertext: the media, the
message and the politics.
Technical advances and
brilliant ideas forged a new
style of journalism. It was a
century of change, and
newspapers changed
dramatically. The typi
newspaper of 1800 wa
undisciplined mishma
legislative proceeding
long-winded essays a
secondhand gossip. B
1900, a new breed of
tor had emerged. Jour
had become big busin
Reporting was becom
disciplined craft. And
newspapers were bec
more entertaining and
essential than ever, w
most of the features w
expect today: Snappy
headlines, Ads, Comic
Sports pages. And an
“inverted pyramid” sty
writing that made stori
tighter and newsier.
Radio and television
brought an end to
newspapers’ media
monopoly. Why? Well
yourself: Which did yo
BEYOND BREAKING NEWS
Inside Reporting
Tim Harrower
6

2. Beyond breaking news
• The world of features
• Generating story ideas
• Feature style
• Feature story structures
• Writing profiles
• Enterprise projects
 (continued)

3. Beyond breaking news
(continued)
Investigative reporting
Package planning
Short-form alternatives
Writing editorials and columns
Writing reviews

4. The world of features
 News stories focus on
timely, public events.
 Features are more
personal, narrative.
 Include topics, treatments, styles
not found in news.
Personalizing the news
with stories

5. The world of features
 Personality profile
 Human-interest story
 Color story
 Backgrounder
 Trend story
Popular feature stories10
 Reaction piece
 Flashback
 How-to
 Consumer guide
 Personal narrative

6. Generating story ideas
“Hard” news, “soft” news
 Relative terms that describe
topic and treatment of story.
• Expect serious, timely events to
be written in inverted-pyramid
style.
• Items that are less urgent or
somber make up “soft” news.

7. Generating story ideas
Great stories are waiting discovery
• Publication’s archives
• Competitors
• TV, magazines, newspapers,
Web sites
• News releases
• Reader suggestions
• Brainstorming

8. Generating story ideas
Is it a good one?
 Where did it come
from?
 Is it original?
 Did it surprise you?
 Does the idea have
movement?
 Is there a STORY there?
 Is there tension?
 Is it true?
 Do you like the story?

9. Generating story ideas
Turn your idea into a story
• See if it’s been done.
• Focus your angle.
• Talk to your editor.
• Do your research.
• Plan the package.
• Write the story.

10. Feature style
Some stories require a livelier, looser, more
literary voice
 Tom Wolfe dubbed it
“New Journalism.”
• Realistic dialogue.
• Vivid reconstruction
of scenes.
• Viewed through the
eyes of the
characters.
• Recording everyday
details.

11. Feature style
Successful feature writers rely on literary
techniques
• Syntax & phrasing
• Voice & tense
• Detail & description
• Dramatic techniques

12. Feature style
Successful feature writers…
 Helpful tips
• Write tightly.
• Vary sentence
structure.
• Match treatment to
topic.
• Don’t overdo.
• Avoid 1st person.
• Stay objective.
• Learn shorthand or
use a tape recorder.
• Remember editors
have strong
opinions.
• Read.

13. Feature story structures
Standard story structures
• How long should this
story be?
• What key points do I
need to make?
• Think visually.
• Think package.

14. Package planning
 Photocopy page 127.
 Summarize story idea in 25
words
or less.
 Answer questions readers
will ask.
Using the package-planning form
 Specify photos or
illustrations.
 Write headline/deck.
 Set staff, deadlines,
lengths.
 Create rough layout.

15. Short-form alternatives
 Fast-facts box
 Bio box
 Checklist
 List
 Step-by-step guide
To reach readers, condense the data
 Quiz
 Factual index
 Diagram
 Quote collection
 Timeline

16. lcome to the world of
urnalism, where
porters have been
gging dirt, raking
muck, king headlines
and adlines for centuries
w. It’s a history full of
bloid trash, of slimy
nsationalists, of
runkards, deadbeats and
mmers” (as a Harvard
iversity president once
scribed reporters).
But it’s a history full of
roes, too: men and
men risking their lives
tell stories of war and
agedy, risking
prisonment to defend
ee speech. And as you
n see here, reports have
come beloved characters
p culture, too, turning up
movies, comics and TV
ows as if guided by an
cult hand.
Every culture seeks
effective ways to spread
new information and gossip.
In ancient times, news was
written on clay tablets. In
Caesar’s age, Romans read
newsletters compiled by
correspondents and
handwritten by slaves.
Wandering minstrels spread
news (and the plague) in the
Middle Ages. Them came
ink on paper. Voices on
airwaves. Newsreels, Web
sites, And 24-hour cable
news networks.
Thus when scholars
analyze the rich history of
journalism, some view it in
terms of technological
progress—for example, the
dramatic impact of bigger,
faster printing presses.
Others see journalism as
a specialized form literary
expression, one that’s
constantly evolving,
reflecting and shaping its
culture.
Others see it as an
inspiring quest for free
speech, an endless power
struggle between Authority
(trying to control
information) and the People
(trying to learn the truth).
Which brings to mind the
words of A.J. Liefling:
“Freedom of the press is
guaranteed only to htose
who own one.”
In the pages ahead, we’ll
take a quick tour of 600
years of journalism history,
from hieroglyphics to
hypertext: the media, the
message and the politics.
Technical advances and
brilliant ideas forged a new
style of journalism. It was a
century of change, and
newspapers changed
dramatically. The typi
newspaper of 1800 wa
undisciplined mishma
legislative proceeding
long-winded essays a
secondhand gossip. B
1900, a new breed of
tor had emerged. Jour
had become big busin
Reporting was becom
disciplined craft. And
newspapers were bec
more entertaining and
essential than ever, w
most of the features w
expect today: Snappy
headlines, Ads, Comic
Sports pages. And an
“inverted pyramid” sty
writing that made stori
tighter and newsier.
Radio and television
brought an end to
newspapers’ media
monopoly. Why? Well
yourself: Which did yo
BEYOND BREAKING NEWS
Inside Reporting
Tim Harrower
6