Mitotic cell division is the process by which somatic cells reproduce through nuclear division (mitosis) and cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). During mitosis, the genetic material duplicates and the duplicated chromosomes are separated into two identical nuclei. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm and organelles, producing two daughter cells with identical genetic and cytoplasmic content to the original cell. The cell cycle coordinates cell growth and division, consisting of interphase where the cell grows and replicates its DNA, and the mitotic phase where it undergoes mitosis and cytokinesis to divide.

1. Mitotic Cell Division
Mr. Binu Babu
MBA, M.Sc. (N)
Asst. Professor
Mrs. Jincy Ealias
M.Sc. (N)
Asst. Professor

2. Most cells of the human body undergo cell
division, the process by which cells
reproduce themselves.
• The two types of cell division—
– Somatic cell division (mitotic division or
mitosis)
– Reproductive cell division (meiotic division or
meiosis)

3. Somatic cell division
• A cell undergoes a nuclear division called
mitosis
• A cytoplasmic division called cytokinesis
• This two process produce two genetically
identical cells, each with the same number and
kind of chromosomes as the original cell.
• Somatic cell division replaces dead or injured
cells and adds new ones during tissue growth.

4. Reproductive cell division
• It is the mechanism that produces gametes,
the cells needed to form the next generation
of sexually reproducing organisms.
• This process consists of a special two step
division called meiosis in which the
number of chromosomes in the nucleus is
reduced by half.

5. • The cell cycle is the series of changes a cell
goes through from the time it is formed until
it reproduces.
• The two major periods of the cell cycle:
– Interphase:- in which the cell grows and carries
on its usual activities
– Cell division or the mitotic phase:- during which
it divides into two cells

7. Interphase
• During interphase the cell replicates its DNA, it also
produces additional organelles and cytosolic components in
anticipation of cell division.
• Interphase is a state of high metabolic activity but cell does
not grow.
• Interphase consists of three phases
– G1:- it is the interval between the mitotic phase and the S
phase
– S or synthesis:- DNA replication occurs
– G2 is the interval between the S phase and the mitotic
phase
G0:- Cells that remain in G1 for a very long time, perhaps
destined never to divide again.

9. • G1 Phase:- It is the interval between the
mitotic phase and the S phase.
• The cell is metabolically active; it replicates
most of its organelles and cytosolic
components but not its DNA. Replication of
centrosomes also begins in the G1phase.

10. • The S phase, the interval between G1 and
G2, lasts about 8 hours. During the S phase,
DNA replication occurs.
• As a result of DNA replication, the two
identical cells formed during cell division
later in the cell cycle will have the same
genetic material.

11. • The G2 phase is the interval between the S
phase and the mitotic phase. It lasts 4 to 6
hours.
• During G2, cell growth continues, enzymes
and other proteins are synthesized in
preparation for cell division, and replication
of centrosomes is completed.

12. NUCLEAR DIVISION: MITOSIS
• Mitosis, as noted earlier, is the distribution of
two sets of chromosomes into two separate
nuclei.
• The process results in the exact partitioning of
genetic information.
• The process is divided into four stages:
– Prophase
– Metaphase
– Anaphase
– Telophase

13. Prophase
• During early prophase, the chromatin fibers
condense and shorten into chromosomes.
• The condensation process may prevent
entangling of the long DNA strands as they
move during mitosis.

15. Metaphase
• During this phase, the microtubules of the
mitotic spindle align the centromeres of the
chromatid pairs at the exact center of the
mitotic spindle.
• This midpoint region is called the metaphase
plate.

17. Anaphase
• During this phase, the centromeres split,
separating the two members of each
chromatid pair, which move toward
opposite poles of the cell.
• Once separated, the chromatids are termed
chromosomes.
• As the chromosomes are pulled by the
microtubules of the mitotic spindle during
anaphase, they appear V-shaped.

19. Telophase
• The final stage of mitosis, telophase, begins
after chromosomal movement stops.
• The identical sets of chromosomes, now at
opposite poles of the cell, uncoil and revert
to the threadlike chromatin form.
• A nuclear envelope forms around each
chromatin mass, nucleoli reappear in the
identical nuclei, and the mitotic spindle
breaks up.

22. CYTOPLASMIC DIVISION: CYTOKINESIS
• Division of a cell’s cytoplasm and organelles
into two identical cells is called cytokinesis.
• This process usually begins in late anaphase
with the formation of a cleavage furrow, a
slight indentation of the plasma membrane,
and is completed after telophase.