Mitosis
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Mitosis is the process where a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It occurs in both plant and animal cells as part of growth and development. In plants, mitotically dividing cells are found in meristems, while in animals they are in dividing embryos and growing tissues. Mitosis maintains the same number and type of chromosomes, allowing genetic information to be identically passed to both daughter cells. It involves several phases: interphase, prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Cytokinesis then separates the two daughter cells through a cell plate in plants or cleavage furrow in animals.
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Mitosis
Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two daughter cells with identical genetic material. It occurs in somatic cells and involves several phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase - where the chromosomes condense and align before separating into two identical sets pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, organelles and cell membrane, forming two genetically identical daughter cells each with a full complement of chromosomes. Mitosis plays important roles in growth, tissue repair, asexual reproduction and maintaining chromosome number between generations of cells.
mitosis.ppt
Mitosis is a process of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell. It occurs in somatic cells and involves several phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. During cytokinesis, the final stage of mitosis, the cell cytoplasm is divided and two identical daughter cells are formed, each with the same number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. Mitosis plays an important role in growth, tissue repair, asexual reproduction, and maintaining the genetic integrity of organisms.
Cell division
The document describes the process of mitosis in eukaryotic cells. Mitosis is the part of the cell cycle where a cell divides into two identical daughter cells. It involves five main phases - prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During these phases, the chromosomes condense and duplicate, then separate and move to opposite sides of the cell before new nuclear membranes form, dividing the cell into two identical daughter cells each with the same genetic information. Mitosis allows organisms to grow and repair themselves by dividing cells.
Cell division, a new way.
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during growth and repair of the body. It ensures the genetic makeup remains the same. Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes and involves two cell divisions. It results in genetic diversity that is important for sexual reproduction.
MITOSIS PPT.pptx
The cell cycle is the series of growth and division steps that cells undergo. It includes interphase, where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA, and mitosis, where the cell separates its DNA and divides into two daughter cells. Interphase consists of G1 phase, S phase where DNA replicates, and G2 phase. Mitosis then occurs in four phases - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase - where the duplicated chromosomes separate and the cell divides. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm, forming two new identical daughter cells to complete the cell cycle.
Cellular reproduction ppt
Cells reproduce through mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and is used for growth and tissue repair. Meiosis produces gametes (eggs and sperm) with half the number of chromosomes and involves two cell divisions. This ensures genetic variation in the offspring. Gametogenesis refers to the specific process of gamete formation, which is spermatogenesis in males and oogenesis in females.
Lecture 7
Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during somatic cell division for growth and tissue repair. It occurs through the phases of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Meiosis produces gametes through two rounds of division and results in four non-identical daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This allows for genetic variation which is important for sexual reproduction and evolution. The stages of meiosis are interphase, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II and telophase II.
Cell Division -Mitosis -XI Biology- Tarini.pptx
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Black and Yellow Illustrative Science Stages of Mitosis Presentation_20231201...
This document provides an in-depth overview of mitosis, the process of cell division that results in two identical daughter cells. It begins with an introduction to cell division and its importance for growth, repair, and reproduction. The main stages of mitosis - prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase - are then described in detail, highlighting the key events that occur during each phase, such as chromosome condensation and separation. The role of mitosis in growth, development, and repair is also discussed. The document concludes with a mitosis flipbook activity to help summarize the stages of this important cellular process.
cell division mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis and meiosis are two types of cell division. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells from one parent cell during growth and tissue repair. Meiosis produces gametes like sperm and egg cells, reducing the chromosome number by half so fertilization restores the number. The cell cycle includes interphase where DNA replicates and cell growth occurs, as well as mitosis where chromosomes separate into two daughter cells. Unregulated cell division can lead to cancer.
Mitosis.pptx
Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two genetically identical daughter cells. Key events of mitosis include prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase, where the duplicated chromosomes properly separate and move to opposite sides of the cell. Cytokinesis then divides the cytoplasm and cell membrane, completing cell division. Mitosis plays important roles in growth, tissue repair, asexual reproduction and maintaining chromosome number between generations of cells.
Cell Division and Mitosis (4.1)
Cell division through mitosis or asexual reproduction is an important process that allows for the growth, repair and replacement of cells. Mitosis results in two daughter cells that are identical to the original parent cell. It occurs in a series of steps: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. This process allows for the growth of organisms and replacement of worn out cells while maintaining identical genetic material. Other forms of asexual reproduction in cells that lack a nucleus include binary fission in bacteria and budding in hydra.
2015 Mitosis
Cell division occurs through the process of mitosis in somatic cells. Mitosis involves five phases - interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During interphase, the cell grows and DNA is duplicated in preparation for division. In prophase, chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form. Metaphase sees chromosomes aligned at the center. Anaphase involves the separation of sister chromatids to opposite sides. Finally, in telophase, division is complete and two identical daughter cells have formed, each with the full complement of chromosomes. Mitosis results in the reproduction of body cells for growth and tissue repair.
Mitotic cell division (2)
The document summarizes the stages of mitotic cell division. It discusses the cell cycle stages of interphase (G1, S, G2 phases) and mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase). Key events at each mitosis stage are described, such as chromosome condensation in prophase and separation of sister chromatids in anaphase. The significance of mitosis in growth, development, regeneration and asexual reproduction is highlighted. Potential errors in mitosis that can lead to chromosomal abnormalities are also briefly mentioned.
Slideshare powerpoint
The document describes the process of mitosis cell division. It begins with interphase where the cell grows and its DNA is replicated. Then comes prophase where the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down. In metaphase the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell. Anaphase follows where the chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles. Telophase ends with two daughter nuclei forming. Finally cytokinesis separates the cytoplasmic contents into two daughter cells through a cleavage furrow in animal cells or cell plate in plant cells.
Mitosis powerpoint
Cell division through mitosis occurs in three main stages and produces two identical daughter cells. Mitosis includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase where the genetic material is duplicated and separated. Cytokinesis then partitions the cytoplasm between the two daughter cells through cleavage in animal cells and cell plate formation in plant cells. Mitosis allows for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
CELL DIVISION.pptx
This document discusses cell division through the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It begins by explaining the basic phases and purpose of mitosis, which is cell division that produces two identical daughter cells and is important for growth and repair. It then covers the phases of interphase and mitosis in more detail. The document next discusses why cell division is necessary, as cells need to divide in order to continue functioning as they grow larger. Finally, it explains meiosis, the type of cell division that produces gametes with half the normal number of chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity between parents while maintaining genetic integrity of offspring.
Cell reproduction notes
Chromosomes contain DNA and proteins. During cell division, the DNA is copied and organized into chromosomes. Mitosis produces identical daughter cells while meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half to produce gametes. Meiosis involves two cell divisions, resulting in four haploid cells. Genetic recombination occurs during meiosis, increasing genetic variation in offspring.
Cell division-mitosis-meiosis
This document discusses cell division through the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It begins by explaining the basic phases and purpose of mitosis in regular body cells, which is to keep cells living and growing. It then goes into more detail about the specific phases of mitosis - interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. The document also discusses why cells divide, noting that there is a size limit after which cells must divide to continue taking in nutrients and removing waste. Finally, it covers meiosis and how this process in gamete cells maintains a chromosome count of 46 in offspring while also ensuring genetic diversity between parents and children.
Mitosis meosis
Cell division, also known as mitosis, is the process by which cells duplicate their DNA and divide into two identical daughter cells. It occurs in regular body cells and allows cells to continue living and growing. There are four main phases of mitosis - prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase - followed by cytokinesis where the cell cytoplasm divides. Cells undergo mitosis in order to avoid problems associated with increasing size, such as an inability to transport nutrients and waste products across the cell membrane effectively. Cell division is important because all living things are made of cells, and cells must continue dividing to stay alive and allow organisms to grow.
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Mitosis
- 2. The process where a single cell divides resulting in generally two identical cells, each containing the same no. of chromosomes and genetic content as that of the original cell.
- 3. • Mitosis was first discovered in plant cells by Strasburger (1875). • Later on, W. Flemming (1879) discovered it in animal cells. The term mitosis was coined by Flemming (1882).
- 4. • The cells undergoing mitosis are called mitocytes. In plants, the mitocytes are mostly meristematic cells. • In animals, the mitocytes are stem cells, germinal epithelium and embryonic cells. • It also occurs during regeneration. Root tip is the best material to study mitosis.
- 5. There are three main reasons: • Growth • Repair/healing • Asexual reproduction
- 6. • Mitosis can take few minutes or a few days • Muscles cells • Nerve cells • Skin cells • Digestive tract cells
- 7. • A typical cell goes through a process of growth, development and reproduction called the cell cycle. • The longest phase in the cell cycle is interphase. • The 3 stages of interphase are called G1, S and G2.
- 9. • Prophase • Prometaphase • Metaphase Karyokinesis • Anaphase • Telophase • C-Phase or Cytokinesis
- 10. • Nucleus becomes spherical and cytoplasm becomes more viscous. • The chromatin slowly condenses into well- defined chromosomes. • Each chromosomes appears as two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. • The microtubules begins to form outside nucleus. In plants the spindle apparatus is anastral. • In animals the mitotic spindle is amphiastral which include two asters in opposite poles of the spindle.
- 11. • Nuclear envelop breaks down into membrane vesicles and the chromosomes set free into the cytoplasm. • Chromosomes are attached to spindle microtubules through kinetochores. • Nucleolus disappears.
- 12. Metaphase • Kinetochore microtubules align the chromosomes in one plane to form metaphasic plate or equitorial plate. • Centromeres lie on the equitorial plane while the chromosome arms are directed away from the equator called autoorientation. • Smaller chromosomes remain towards the centre while larger ones occupy the periphery.
- 13. • Chromosomes split Simultaneously at the centromeres so that the sister chromatids separate. • The separated sister chromatids move towards opposite poles. • Daughter chromosomes appear V- shaped (metacentric), L-shaped (sub- metacentric), J-shaped (acrocentric), rod-shaped (telocentric) • It is the shortest of all stages of mitosis.
- 14. • Daughter chromosomes arrive at the poles. • Kinetochore microtubules disappear. • Chromosomes uncoil into chromatin. • Nucleolus re-appears. • It is considered as the reverse of prophase.
- 15. • It is the cytoplasmic division that starts during anaphase and completed by the end of telophase. • It takes place by two different methods i.e., cell plate method and cleavage or cell furrowing method.
- 16. Cell plate cytokinesis It occurs in plant cells. The golgi vesicles fuse at the centre to form barrel shaped phragmoplast. The contents of phragmoplast solidify to become cell plate, which separates the two daughter cells. Cleavage cytokinesis It occurs in animal cells. In this process a cleavage furrow appears at the middle, which gradually deepens and breaks the parent cell into two daughter cells.
- 17. • Mitosis is an equational division. • It is the division through which daughter cells that are identical are produced. • Genetic stability: It maintains constant chromosome no. and genetic stability in all somatic or vegetative cells of the body. • Growth: Mitosis increases cell no. so that a zygote transforms into a multicellular adult. • Surface-volume ratio: As the size of a cell increases, the surface area decreases accordingly. By mitosis, the cell becomes smaller in size and the surface volume ratio is restored.
- 18. Animal Cell Centriole and aster present. Daughter cells separated by cleavage furrow. Plant cell No visible centriole or ester. Daughter cells separated by cell plate
- 19. Mitosis is one of the important part of the growth and development process in both animals and plants. In plants, the cells that are dividing because of mitosis are usually found on the meristems, the tips of roots and shoots. However, in animals, the diving cells can happen in any tissue that is growing, but the dividing cells are mostly found in dividing embryos, mainly the blastulas. It also makes it possible for tissues to repair i.e., healing when we get hurt. For this to happen, mitosis maintains the same genetic makeup in both daughter cells.
- 20. Jurgens G: Plant cytokinesis: Fission by fusion. Trends Cell Biol 15:277-283, 2005 Albertson R, Riggs B, Sullivan W: Membrane traffic: A driving force in cytokinesis. Trends Cell Biol 15:92-101, 2005 Mitchison TJ, Salmon ED: Mitosis: A history of division. Nat cell Biol 3: E17-E21, 2001 Pollard D. Thomas, Earnshaw C. William: Cell Biology, Biol Chap 44, pp 792-814