This document discusses cell division through the processes of mitosis and meiosis. It begins by explaining the basic phases and purpose of mitosis in regular body cells: interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase and cytokinesis. Cells undergo mitosis to grow and multiply while maintaining an identical set of chromosomes. The document then covers meiosis, which occurs in gamete cells and involves two cell divisions to reduce the chromosome count, ensuring genetic diversity between offspring while maintaining the species' overall chromosome number. In summary, mitosis and meiosis are the two types of cell division that allow organisms to grow, repair tissues, and sexually reproduce.
It is the presentation on the MEIOSIS phase of the Cell division.
It includes all the details and definitions that are related to the topic of meiosis with the labelled diagrams.
If you have any query or a question, you may ask in the comment box.
thanks.
It is the presentation on the MEIOSIS phase of the Cell division.
It includes all the details and definitions that are related to the topic of meiosis with the labelled diagrams.
If you have any query or a question, you may ask in the comment box.
thanks.
This is a presentation on the cellular level of reproduction created by reynario c ruiz jr in compliance for his diploma on professional education at cebu normal university college of teacher education
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
12. 3. The chromosomes
become visible
4. The spindle
apparatus forms
and attaches to
the centromeres
of the
chromosomes
13. Metaphase
The Second Phase
of Mitosis
4.The Nuclear
Membrane is
completely gone
2. The duplicated
chromosomes line
up along the cell's
equator.
14.
15. Anaphase
The third phase of
Mitosis
Diploid sets of daughter
chromosomes separate
They are pushed and
pulled toward opposite
poles of the cell by the
spindle fibers
19. Cytokinesis – The final stage of Mitosis
The cytoplasm, organelles, and nuclear
material are evenly split and two new
cells are formed.
Cell Plate
20. The two new cells – each exactly like the
other – are called Daughter Cells
21. Quick Review:
The following slides are drawings of the
stages of Mitosis. On your notes, please
draw each phase and label it.
22. Interphase – The Cell spends the majority of
its life here, growing and functioning. During
the S Phase of the Cell Cycle, the DNA
replicates, in anticipation of Mitosis
23. In Early Prophase of Mitosis the Chromosomes
get small, centrioles move to the poles of the
nucleus, and spindle fibers develop
Pair of
Centrioles
Spindle Fibers
Chromosomes
consisting of 2
Sister
Chromatids
24. Late Prophase happens when the
Nuclear Envelope disintegrates and
spindle fibers begin to move
Chromosomes toward the center of cell.
Spindle Fibers
Chromosomes
25. During Metaphase the Chromosomes line
up across center of the cell, also called the
equator, or Metaphase plate.
Spindle Fibers
Chromosomes
Equator, or Metaphase Plate
26. In Anaphase the Chromatids that make up each
Chromosome move apart and travel to opposite
ends of cellular spindle
Daughter Chromosomes
Chromosome
Chromatid
27. In Telophase an envelope surrounds each set of
Chromatids to form new Nucleus and the
Cytoplasm starts to divide
Cleavage Furrow
28. Cytokinesis takes place when the Cytoplasm
divides and two cells with identical genetic
material are formed
Daughter Cells
29. A B C
D E
Quick Review – Place Cells in Mitosis Order
31. Why Do Cells Divide?
The larger a cell
becomes, the more
demands the cell
places on it's DNA.
It also has more
trouble moving
enough food and
wastes across its
cell membrane.
32. The bigger
the cell gets
the harder it
becomes to
move food
and waste
across the
membrane
Food goes in
Waste goes out
34. The cell's ability
to either get
substances
from the
outside or
eliminate waste
from the inside
is related to the
surface area of
the cell
membrane.
(outside)
35. How much food
and other
material is
required, and
how much
waste the cell
produces and
has to get rid of,
is related to the
volume of the
cell. (inside)
36. As a cell gets
bigger there
comes a time
when its surface
area is not large
enough to meet
the demands of
the cell's volume
and the cell stops
growing.
37. So, once cells
reach a certain
size they must
divide in order to
continue to
function – or they
will no longer be
able to take in
nutrients and
eliminate waste.
38. Why Is Cell Division Important?
1. All Living Things are made of Cells
39. 2. The Cell is the basic unit of Structure and
Function in Living Things.
41. You are a living
organism, made of
cells.
In order to keep
living, your cells
must stay alive.
In order for cells to
keep living, they
must divide and
multiply
43. Meiosis
Takes place in the Gametes of an organism
People have a Chromosome count of 46
When an egg joins a sperm the count must stay at 46
to remain human
So, the egg can only have 23 chromosomes, and the
sperm can only have 23 chromosomes
But, the integrity of the organism must be maintained.
How does this happen?
44. During Meiosis gamete (sex) cells undergo a
“double division”, maintaining the DNA, but
reducing the chromosomal count to 23
+ =
Sperm (23) + Egg (23) = Fertilized Cell (46)
47. At the end of Meiosis
the individual Gamete
cell has divided from
one cell to four.
Males produce 4
viable sperm.
Females produce 1
viable egg and 3 non
functioning polar
bodies.