The document discusses the correlation between stem cells and cancer cells, detailing how stem cells differentiate into specialized tissues and their capacity for self-renewal. It highlights the characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSC), their role in tumor formation, and the differences between normal stem cells and cancer stem cells. Key factors in cancer development, such as mutations and tumorigenic properties, are also outlined.

1. CORRELATION BETWEEN STEM CELLS
& CANCER CELLS
BY
D.REIYA BOSCO
MSc. BIOTECHNOLOGY
ST. JOSEPH’S COLLEGE
TRICHY

2. • All cells of body arise from SC .
• Our body is made up of 200
different specialised cells arising
from SC.
• Blank cells
• Divide & renew for long periods.
• Uncommitted cells, Until it
receives a signal to develop into
specialized cell

3. UNSPECIALIZED
• No tissue specific structures.
• Cannot perform tissue specific
function.
• It acquires specific function
when it differentiates.

4. PROLIFERATION
• They are capable of dividing &
renewing for long periods.
• They can maintain their stable
populations.
• They proliferate in a large number.
• The large mass of cells are difficult
to be cultured.

5. DIFFERENTIATION
• This gives rise to specialised
tissues.
• By the influence of external &
internal factors.
• Chemicals secreted from other
cells.
• Arise due to repair or depleted
stem cell.
• Unspecialised SC gives rise to
specialised SC.

6. PLASTICITY
• SC of one tissue
gives rise to cell
types of completely
different tissue.
• Eg : blood SC
producing neurons.

7. SOURCE OF SC
• They are found in adults.
• Fetal tissue.
• Aborted pregnancies.
• Early embryo(5-7day
old).

8. • Medical term : malignant neoplasm.
• Group of cells display uncontrolled
growth.
• 200 different cancers are deduced.
• The cells poorly differentiate.
• They divide & grow at abnormal
rapid rates.

9. ALTERATIONS IN
PHYSIOLOGY FOR
MALIGNANCY
• 1)SELF SUFFICIENCY IN GROWTH SIGNALS
• Autonomous drive to proliferate.
• By activation of ontogenesis like ras/myc.
• 2)INSENSITIVITY TO GROWTH INHIBITORY SIGNALS
• They inactive tumour suppressor genes.
• Eg-Rb genes.
• 3)EVASION OF PROGRAMMED CELL DEATH
• Supress & inactivate genes & pathways that enable a
cell to die.
• 4)LIMITLESS REPLICATION POTENTIAL.
• They activate specific genes & pathways that render
immortality even after generations.

10. • SUSTAINED ANGIOGENESIS
• Capacity to draw out their own supply of blood.
• Develop vascularisation.
• Tumour angiogenesis occur.
• TISSUE INVASION & METASTASIS
• Migrate to other organs.
• Invade tissues , colonize & acquite the whole body.
• OTHER CHARACTERISTICS
• For a cell be a cancer cell it must have mutation of
PROTOONCOGENE/TUMOR SUPRESSOR GENES.

12. CANCER
STEM CELLS
• Cell within a tumour that possess the capacity to self
renew & cause heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that
comprise the tumour. CSC can only be defined
experimentally by their ability to recapitulate the
generations of continuously growing tumour.
• ORIGIN OF CSC
• Somatic SC
• Adult progenitor cells
• Adult Somatic cells.
CSC FEATURES
Self renewal
Diverse progeny
Immortality
Asymmetric mitosis

14. COMMON FEATURES OF NORMAL SC & CSC.
• Capacity for Asymmetric division : yields a
quiescent SC & dedicated progenitor.
• Self renewability
• Capacity to arrange a hierarchy of cellular
division.
• Extended telomere & telomerase activity:
increases cellular life span.
• Angoigenesis stimulation.
• Expression of similar surface receptor ( a6
integrins, C-met) : associated with
metastasis .

15. DIFFERENCE
• NORMAL SC
• Limited self renewal capacity
• Oncogenic Capacity
• Self renewal & differentiation
are highly regulated
• Normal karyotype
• Quiescent most of the time
• Produce normal progeny
• CANCER SC
• Indefinite self renewal capacity
• Tumorogenic capacity
• Highly deregulated
• Abnormal karyotype
• Less mitotically active than
cancer cells
• Phenotypic ally diverse
progeny

16. TALE OF THE 2
CELLS
• Sc are vital for regeneration & repair.
• But the features of SC & the origin of
LEUKEMIA have headed scientists that
cancer may initiate from SC like cells.
• CSC are responsible for cancer initiation,
metastasis & recurrence.
• Single Cancer cell gives rise to a
heterogeneous mass of cells.
• When a differentiated cell gains the vital
component of SC it becomes
dedifferentiated & cancerous.

18. ORIGIN OF CSC • Transformation of SC in tissue.
• Transformation of native pool of early SC.
• Sequence of effective mutation.
• Amalgamation of BM derived SC with
tissue residing cells
• NICHE OF CSC.
• Niche with different molecular signals by
neighbouring connective tissue, vascular
tissue, mesenchymal SC & stromal cells.

19. THANK YOU