It includes mitotic division of a cell.It also includes a timeline with the dicovery of cell division.Types of cell division,Great for School Project.

1. BIOLOGY PROJECT
CELL DIVISION-MITOSIS
PRESENTATION BY,
STUDENTS FROM CLASS - (9D / GROUP 7)
 KUNAL KANKARIYA- 38 SIDDHII
AGARWAL- 21
 ADITYA BENGERI- 30 SIMRAN BAFNA- 22

3. CELL DIVISION
 Cell division is process by which a cell divides into 2 new cells.
 Cell division is classified into 2 main parts-
1) Mitosis
2) Meiosis


5. CELL DIVISION
CELL
DIVISION
MEIOSISMITOSIS
INTERPHAS
E
PROPHASE
METAPHASE
TELOPHASE
ANAPHASE

6. Mitosis and Meiosis
• Mitosis:
-division of somatic (body) cells
• Meiosis
-division of gametes (sex cells)

7. MITOSIS
 The process of cell division which results in production of 2
daughter cells from a single parent cell.
 The daughter cells are exactly identical to one another and the
parent cell .
 One of the important factor in mitosis is that the chromosome
number is retained.
Parent Cell
2
Daughter
Cells
Mitosis

8. Mitosis can be divided into the
following stages
 Interphase
 Prophase
 Metaphase
 Anaphase
 Telophase
 Cytokinesis

9. Why cells undergo MITOSIS?
1. Growth
2. Repair
3. Replacement
4. Regeneration

10. DISCOVERY OF MITOSIS
Robert Hooke, 1665
Otto Bϋtschli,1868
Waclaw Mayzel,1875
Walther Flemming,1882

11. INTERPHASE
 The interphase is a relatively longer phase.
 The cells apparently are in a resting phase.
 It is divided in the following phases-
1) G1 Phase
2) S phase
3) G2 phase
 Chromosomes, DNA & RNA
duplicate.
 These phases in the cell cycle are
highly regulated by cyclins,
cylin- dependant kinases and
other cell cycle proteins.

12. Interphase
The cell prepares for division
Animal Cell Plant Cell

13. PROPHASE
 Order of occurrence in Karyokinesis- 1st
 Chromatin fibres tightly condense
to form chromosomes.
 The nucleoli disintegrates.
 The nuclear memberane also
disintegrates
 The 2 centrioles polymerize
tubulin to help formation of
microtubule spindle proteins.
 Motor proteins push them to the
poles.
 Centrosomes are absent in plant
cells

14. Prophase
The cell prepares for nuclear division
Animal Cell Plant Cell

15. METAPHASE
 Order of occurrence in Karyokinesis- 2nd
 Chromatin fibres tightly condense
to form chromosomes.
 The nucleolus disintegrates.
 The nuclear memberane also
disintegrates
 The 2 centrioles polymerize
tubulin to help formation of
microtubule spindle proteins.
 Motor proteins push them to the
poles.
 Centrosomes are absent in plant
cells

16. Metaphase
The cell prepares for chromosome
division
Animal Cell Plant Cell

17. ANAPHASE
 Order of occurrence in Karyokinesis- 3nd
 During anaphase the centromere divides.
 Due to which the chromosome
divides to form 2 sister chromatids.
 Polar microtubules push
against each other
causing the cell
to elongate.
 The contraction of the spindle
fibres pulls the sister
chromatids to opposite poles.
 Furrowing of cell membrane
is observed.

18. Anaphase
The chromosome divide
Animal Cell Plant Cell

19. TELOPHASE
 Order of occurrence in Karyokinesis- 4th
 The events of telophase is the reverse of the events in prophase.
 The chromatids relax or decondense forming chromatin fibers.
 The cleavage furrow deepens in animal cells.
 The nuclear membrane reintegrates.
 The nucleoli reappears.
 A cell plate is observed in the plant cells.
 Karyokinesis is completed.

20. Telophase
The cytoplasm divide
Animal Cell Plant Cell

21. CYTOKINESIS
 Cytokinesis follows karyokinesis.
 After cytokinesis each daughter cell has a complete copy of the
genome of its parent cell.
 The cell plate grows from centre to periphery of a plant cell
forming 2 cells.
 Deepening of furrow forms 2 daughter cells in an animal cells.

22. MITOSIS
A. Occurs in somatic cells
B. Helps in growth &replacement
C. Starts after the zygote formation
D. Full set of chromosome is passed
E. Genes passed are identical.
Eg- Increase in the size of
elephants
MEIOSIS
A. Occurs in reproductive cells.
B. Helps in gamete formation.
C. Starts during puberty.
D. Half set of chromosome is passed.
E. Genes are randomly assorted.
Eg- Formation of egg
DIFFERENCE

23. 1. Cytokinesis in plant cells is
through a cleavage furrow.
2. It shows the presence of
asters.
3. Occurrence is seen in almost
the whole body of the animal
except the reproductive cells
EXAMPLE-
1.Repair of a damaged
part.
1. Cytokines in plants is seen
through a cell plate.
2. It shows the absence of
asters.
3. Occurrence mostly on the
growth tips of a plant.
EXAMPLE-
1.Elongation of Height.
DIFFERENCE IN MITOSIS OF
ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS

25. SIGNIFICANCE
 Mitosis is necessary for the growth in animals.
Eg.- Pups develop into a bat.
 Repair of damaged and wounded tissues by renewal of lost cells.
 Replacement of old and dead cells.
 Asexual reproduction.
 Same chromosomes number maintained.

27. Thank you