Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles found in eukaryotic cells that evolved from engulfed prokaryotes. They have an outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane with cristae that increase surface area, and matrix. Mitochondria are unique in having their own DNA and ribosomes. Their main function is producing ATP through oxidative phosphorylation, but they also play roles in apoptosis, hormone synthesis, and metabolism.

1. Presentation on
Present to Dr.Tanveer
Present By H.Farkhanda sharif

2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EVOLUTION OF MITOCHONDRIA
3. STRUCTURE
4.FUCTION
5.UNIQUENESS
6.DIAGRAM

3. Introduction
 Mitochondria was first seen by
kollicker in 1850 in muscles and called
them ‘sarcosomes’
 Altmann (1890) observed these
structures and named them ‘bioblasts’.
 Benda (1898)stained these organelles
with crystal violet and renamed them
‘mitochondria’

4. Evolution of Mitochondria
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
evolved from engulfed prokaryotes
that once lived as independent
organisms.
 At some point, a eukaryotic cell
engulfed an aerobic bacteria, which
formed an endosymbiotic
relationship with eukaryote,
gradually change into a
mitochondrion.

6. Structure
Mitochondria have a double membrane
structure.
There is a single outer membrane and
a folded inner membrane.
Spaces between inner and outer
membrane.

7. Outer Membrane
Contain large number of integral
protein called porins.
Porin
Allow material in and out of the
mitochondria.
Enclosed the entire organelle.

8. Inter membrane space
 It is the space between outer and inner
membrane.
 It is also known as Perimitochondrial
space.
 Because the outer membrane is freely
permeable to small molecules, the
concentrations of small molecules such
as ions and sugars in the
intermembrane space is the same as the
cytosol.

9. Inner Membrane
It is folded double phospholipid
layer .
Site for the production of ATP.
Specific transport of protein that
regulate metabolite passage in and
out of the matrix.

10. Cristae and Matrix
The folding of the inner membrane that
allows more surface area, enhancing
its ability to produce ATP.
The matrix is the space enclosed by
the inner membrane.
The matrix is important in the
production of ATP.

11. Outer
membrane
Inner
membrane
Matrix
Site for several metabolic
reaction
Oxidation of
epinephrine
Degradation of tryptophan
Elongation of fatty
acid
Oxidative
phosphorylation
Kreb's cycle
Storage of calcium ion
Beta oxidation
Detoxification of ammonia in
urea cycle

12. Function
Important and main function produce
ATP. Therefore it is called the power
house of the cell.
Role in apoptosis ( programmed cell
death).
Synthesis of estrogen and testosterone.
Role in neurotransmitter metabolism.
Role on cholesterol metabolism.

13. Uniqueness
Mitochondria are very unique in several
regards.
 have their own circular DNA .
 have their own Ribosomes.
 All the mitochondria in your body came
from your mother. Mitochondria are not
part of the genetic code in the nucleus of
your cells.

14. DIAGRAM