This document describes three minor projects completed by a student. Project 1 involves designing an ultra simple inverter circuit to convert 12V DC to 230V AC. Project 2 is an automatic LED emergency light that powers LEDs when main power is lost by using a rechargeable battery. Project 3 is a footstep power generation system that uses a piezoelectric sensor to convert footstep pressure into electrical energy to charge a battery and power DC loads. The documents provide details on the objectives, components, diagrams, working principles, advantages and applications of each project.
This is a simple circuit to charge 1.2V, 4600mAh rechargeable Ni-MH battery from a solar panel. This solar charger has current and voltage regulation and also has over voltage cut off facilities. Solar battery charger operates on the principle that the charge control circuit will produce a constant voltage. The charging current passes to LM7805 voltage regulator through the diode D1. The output voltage and current are regulated by adjusting the adjust pin of LM7805 voltage regulator. Battery is charged using the same current.
This is a simple circuit to charge 1.2V, 4600mAh rechargeable Ni-MH battery from a solar panel. This solar charger has current and voltage regulation and also has over voltage cut off facilities. Solar battery charger operates on the principle that the charge control circuit will produce a constant voltage. The charging current passes to LM7805 voltage regulator through the diode D1. The output voltage and current are regulated by adjusting the adjust pin of LM7805 voltage regulator. Battery is charged using the same current.
PV System Basics
Introduction to relevant Codes and Standards
Permit and Field Inspector Guidelines for PV Systems
Summary of Changes in 2005/2008 National Electrical Code
Seminar photovoltaic and temprature gradient sensorkarthikaramkumar1
PHOTOVOLTAIC SENSOR AND TEMPERATURE GRADIENT SENSOR IS USED FOR MEASURING INPUTS FROM PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT WHICH IS MOST POPULAR IN ITS APPLICATIONS SUCH AS LED LIGHTENING AND WHITE LED'S.
To download head to http://solarreference.com/solar-pv-codes-brooks/
Also available on the Brook Solar website (they have some quality stuff)
This presentation from Brook Solar (Now Brooks Engineering LLC) is a wonderful compilation of the standards in place in the PV industry. But you do know that standards are like babies, they don't stop growing!
For more quality information visit http://solarreference.com/
Power components for battery applications webinar presentationVicor Corporation
These slides, from Vicor's Power Components for Battery Applications webinar explain:
- Applications that benefit from using batteries
- Trends in battery-powered systems
- Battery-specific power design challenges
- The importance of wide input and output voltage ranges
- What to look for when choosing a regulator for a battery system
basic electrical and electronics engg. components of LT switch gear, switch fuse unit, MCB, MCCB, ELCB, TYPES OF WIRES AND CABLES, ELECTRICAL EARTHING, TYPES OF BATTERIES,
-introduction:
Many of the people have a phobia of darkness, so to assist them in such situation, we have explained a simple circuit. It will automatically turn on street light in the way of LEDs or bulb coupled with relay.
Automatic street light system is very common nowadays as it provides intelligent street lighting mechanism. It provides light automatically during night without any human interference. These energy saving street lights make use of incandescent lamps instead of LEDs .So here I will study with you how to make an electronic circuit for street light automation using simple electronics component .
- Objectives of the Project
Reducing the wastage of power
Reducing physical efforts
Improve the system in our daily life
-CIRCUIT WORK PRINCIPLE:
The lamp(street bulb) should remain OFF during daytime and turn ON automatically during night. The unique property of light depended resistor is utilized here. LDR is a variable resistor which has very low resistance in the presence of light and very high resistance in the absence of light.In this circuit, we create a potential divider network with an ordinary resistor in one arm and a LDR on the other arm. According to Ohm’s law (V=IR), voltage drop across the resistor increases when its resistance increases. Here the drop across LDR varies with changes in light intensity. That is voltage drop across the LDR is minimum in the presence of light and maximum in the absence of light
The Over and Under Voltage protection circuit can protect electrical appliance from in the condition of power surges.
The project theme was to design an economical and efficient power protection circuit that could be capable of safely isolating the power of machine incase of power surges in mains.
PV System Basics
Introduction to relevant Codes and Standards
Permit and Field Inspector Guidelines for PV Systems
Summary of Changes in 2005/2008 National Electrical Code
Seminar photovoltaic and temprature gradient sensorkarthikaramkumar1
PHOTOVOLTAIC SENSOR AND TEMPERATURE GRADIENT SENSOR IS USED FOR MEASURING INPUTS FROM PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT WHICH IS MOST POPULAR IN ITS APPLICATIONS SUCH AS LED LIGHTENING AND WHITE LED'S.
To download head to http://solarreference.com/solar-pv-codes-brooks/
Also available on the Brook Solar website (they have some quality stuff)
This presentation from Brook Solar (Now Brooks Engineering LLC) is a wonderful compilation of the standards in place in the PV industry. But you do know that standards are like babies, they don't stop growing!
For more quality information visit http://solarreference.com/
Power components for battery applications webinar presentationVicor Corporation
These slides, from Vicor's Power Components for Battery Applications webinar explain:
- Applications that benefit from using batteries
- Trends in battery-powered systems
- Battery-specific power design challenges
- The importance of wide input and output voltage ranges
- What to look for when choosing a regulator for a battery system
basic electrical and electronics engg. components of LT switch gear, switch fuse unit, MCB, MCCB, ELCB, TYPES OF WIRES AND CABLES, ELECTRICAL EARTHING, TYPES OF BATTERIES,
-introduction:
Many of the people have a phobia of darkness, so to assist them in such situation, we have explained a simple circuit. It will automatically turn on street light in the way of LEDs or bulb coupled with relay.
Automatic street light system is very common nowadays as it provides intelligent street lighting mechanism. It provides light automatically during night without any human interference. These energy saving street lights make use of incandescent lamps instead of LEDs .So here I will study with you how to make an electronic circuit for street light automation using simple electronics component .
- Objectives of the Project
Reducing the wastage of power
Reducing physical efforts
Improve the system in our daily life
-CIRCUIT WORK PRINCIPLE:
The lamp(street bulb) should remain OFF during daytime and turn ON automatically during night. The unique property of light depended resistor is utilized here. LDR is a variable resistor which has very low resistance in the presence of light and very high resistance in the absence of light.In this circuit, we create a potential divider network with an ordinary resistor in one arm and a LDR on the other arm. According to Ohm’s law (V=IR), voltage drop across the resistor increases when its resistance increases. Here the drop across LDR varies with changes in light intensity. That is voltage drop across the LDR is minimum in the presence of light and maximum in the absence of light
The Over and Under Voltage protection circuit can protect electrical appliance from in the condition of power surges.
The project theme was to design an economical and efficient power protection circuit that could be capable of safely isolating the power of machine incase of power surges in mains.
Its a free source of energy we know very well man has needed and used energy at an increasing rate for the sustenance and well-being since time immemorial. Due to this a lot of energy resources have been exhausted and wasted. Proposal for the utilization of waste energy of foot power with human locomotion is very much relevant and important for highly populated countries like India where the railway station, temples etc., are overcrowded all round the clock .When the flooring is engineered with piezo electric technology, the electrical energy produced by the pressure is captured by floor sensors and converted to an electrical charge by piezo transducers, then stored and used as a power source. And this power source has many applications as in agriculture, home application and street lighting and as energy source for sensors in remote locations.
Today’s time solar cells are becoming extremely popular for utilizing solar energy to use in different ways such as producing electricity, transportation,cooking etc .
So many solar panels have been installed all over the world and most of them are stable. They are installed in the direction of maximum radiation of sunlight.
Now the problem arises that the sun is moving .So we cannot use maximum radiation of sun all the time. The position of maximum radiation receiving position only comes once in 24 hours.
Occasionally we need dc power source which is adjustable along with protections. This slide will help you to create a circuit that can adjust the dc voltage and apply thereby.
Report on PCB designing and fabrication by Prince RohanRohan Das
This is a report on our printed circuit board training on Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur.
I hope this will help some student. Thank you
MISS TEEN GONDA 2024 - WINNER ABHA VISHWAKARMADK PAGEANT
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Exploring Career Paths in Cybersecurity for Technical CommunicatorsBen Woelk, CISSP, CPTC
Brief overview of career options in cybersecurity for technical communicators. Includes discussion of my career path, certification options, NICE and NIST resources.
New Explore Careers and College Majors 2024Dr. Mary Askew
Explore Careers and College Majors is a new online, interactive, self-guided career, major and college planning system.
The career system works on all devices!
For more Information, go to https://bit.ly/3SW5w8W
Jill Pizzola's Tenure as Senior Talent Acquisition Partner at THOMSON REUTERS...dsnow9802
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Want to move your career forward? Looking to build your leadership skills while helping others learn, grow, and improve their skills? Seeking someone who can guide you in achieving these goals?
You can accomplish this through a mentoring partnership. Learn more about the PMISSC Mentoring Program, where you’ll discover the incredible benefits of becoming a mentor or mentee. This program is designed to foster professional growth, enhance skills, and build a strong network within the project management community. Whether you're looking to share your expertise or seeking guidance to advance your career, the PMI Mentoring Program offers valuable opportunities for personal and professional development.
Watch this to learn:
* Overview of the PMISSC Mentoring Program: Mission, vision, and objectives.
* Benefits for Volunteer Mentors: Professional development, networking, personal satisfaction, and recognition.
* Advantages for Mentees: Career advancement, skill development, networking, and confidence building.
* Program Structure and Expectations: Mentor-mentee matching process, program phases, and time commitment.
* Success Stories and Testimonials: Inspiring examples from past participants.
* How to Get Involved: Steps to participate and resources available for support throughout the program.
Learn how you can make a difference in the project management community and take the next step in your professional journey.
About Hector Del Castillo
Hector is VP of Professional Development at the PMI Silver Spring Chapter, and CEO of Bold PM. He's a mid-market growth product executive and changemaker. He works with mid-market product-driven software executives to solve their biggest growth problems. He scales product growth, optimizes ops and builds loyal customers. He has reduced customer churn 33%, and boosted sales 47% for clients. He makes a significant impact by building and launching world-changing AI-powered products. If you're looking for an engaging and inspiring speaker to spark creativity and innovation within your organization, set up an appointment to discuss your specific needs and identify a suitable topic to inspire your audience at your next corporate conference, symposium, executive summit, or planning retreat.
About PMI Silver Spring Chapter
We are a branch of the Project Management Institute. We offer a platform for project management professionals in Silver Spring, MD, and the DC/Baltimore metro area. Monthly meetings facilitate networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development. For event details, visit pmissc.org.
1. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree , PARUL UNIVERSITY 1
Minor Project
Presented by
Mr. DEBASIS KUMAR PATEL
Parul Institute of Technology, LIMDA
2. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 2
1. Project-1
Ultra Simple Inverter Circuit
2. Project-2
The Automatic LED Emergency Light
3. Project-3
Foot Step Power Generation System
Minor Project List
3. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 3
1. 556 IC Timer Circuit
2. 1k ohm register
3. Two transistor
4. 1-Transformer (12-0- 12/3AMP)
5. 12-Volt DC Battery.
Component Required
4. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 4
Contents:-
1. Component Required
2. Block Diagram
3. Application
4. Execution
Project-1:
Ultra Simple Inverter Circuit
5. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 5
Block Diagram
6. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree , PARUL UNIVERSITY 6
1. This circuit is low power inverter circuit and consist of 9
component.
2. The output is available at IC 556 pin 5. The second section is
wired as a phase inverter. That output is available at IC 556 pin
9.
3. Voltage input is 10-16v dc into 50 HZ.
4. And then voltage will be raised to about 230 V with power 25-
30 W. The first section of IC 556 timer chip is wire as an a
stable oscillator with R2 and C1 setting the frequency.
5. The transformer use 230 V / 12 VCT unit that is connected
backwards, so that it steps the voltage up rather than down. At
resistor R3 and R4 keep output transistor Q1 and Q2 from
loading the transistor. The transistor drive the transformer.
4.Working Principle
7. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 7
Advantages
Advantage:
1. Cheaper in cost.
2. Easily made by own
8. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 8
Application
1. Domestic-Based Inverter
(The circuit can we use to supply lamp or other
electronic devices)
9. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 9
Execution:
1. Reading the literature or books for the topic
2. Understanding the applications
3. Circuit Diagram
4. Buying components
5. Prepare model
Outcome:
To convert 12v DC into 230v AC.
Execution
10. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 10
Project-2:
The Automatic LED Emergency Light
Objective: To make the “Automatic LED Emergency Light”.
ABSTRACT:
Now days, we have frequent interruption in the main Power
Supply. So here we make a LED Light, which will provides very
bright light which turns on when the mains supply is not there.
11. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree , PARUL UNIVERSITY 11
Components Required
1. Transformer(230V-12V AC)
2. Rectifier(1N4007 Diodes)
3. Filter(1mF capacitor)
4. Voltage Regulator(LM317)
5. Transistors(BC547,BD140)
6. Diodes(1N4007)
7. Resistors(16,100,180,1K,1.2K)
8. Zener Diode
9. LED(5mm white LED)
10. Rechargeable Battery
12. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 12
Block Diagram
13. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 13
Circuit Diagram
14. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 14
Working Principle
The charger power supply section
It is built around 3-terminal adjustable regulator IC LM317
(IC1). In the charger power supply section, input AC mains is
stepped down by transformer X1 to deliver 9V, 500 mA to the
bridge rectifier, which comprises diodes D1 through D4. Filter
capacitor C1 eliminates ripples.
Unregulated DC voltage is fed to input pin 3 of IC1 and
provides charging current through diode D5 and limiting
resistor R16. By adjusting preset VR1, the output voltage can be
adjusted to deliver the required charging current.
When the battery gets charged to 6.8V, zener diode ZD1
conducts and charging current from regulator IC1 finds a path
through transistor T1 to ground and it stops charging of the
battery.
15. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree , PARUL UNIVERSITY 15
Saves fuel.
Pollution free.
Easy to use.
Very low cost
Easy to install anywhere
ON/OFF time is quick
Advantages
16. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 16
For Domestic use only
(for shorter time period only)
Uses at conference room, exhibition hall lighting
Uses at Direction arrow board for bathroom
Application
17. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 17
Execution:
1. Reading the literature or books for the topic
2. Understanding the applications
3. Circuit Diagram
4. Buying components
5. Prepare model
Outcome:
1. To provide emergency lighting at the time
2. Of power failure.
Execution
18. Objectives: Design of the Foot step Power Generation.
ABSTRACT:
Now days, we have not adequate amount of the fuel for the
generation of the electricity in conventional method (i.e.
Thermal Power Plant, Hydro power plant and nuclear
power plant.
So here we are going to design the Footstep Power
Generation by without using the conventional fuels.
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 18
Project-3:
Footstep Power Generation System
19. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 19
Components Required
1. Transformer(230V-12V AC)
2. Rectifier(1N4007 Diodes)
3. Filter(1mF capacitor)
4. Voltage Regulator(LM317)
5. Transistors(BC547,BD140)
6. Diodes(1N4007)
7. Resistors(16,100,180,1K,1.2K)
8. Zener Diode
9. LED(5mm white LED)
10. Rechargeable Battery
20. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 20
Block Diagram
21. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 21
Circuit Diagram
22. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 22
Working
When ever pressure is applied on piezoelectric
sensor
That pressure is converted into Electrical energy
That minute voltage which is stored in the Lead Acid battery.
That voltage is used to drive DC loads.
Here we are using PIC16F778 to display the amount of battery get
charged.
23. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 23
PIEZO SENSER
PROTECTION SHEET
C1
100 pF
R1
100 k
D1
DIODE
BAT1
9 V
To adc1
vdd
Sensor Interface Circuit
24. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 24
Application
1. At Railway Station, Bus station, other crowded areas for lighting.
25. •
NAME OF THE INSTITUTE, PARUL UNIVERSITYPIT, Degree, PARUL UNIVERSITY 25
Execution:
1. Reading the literature or books for the topic
2. Understanding the applications
3. Circuit Diagram
4. Buying components
5. Prepare model
Outcome:
1. To control any LED light as per requirement
Execution