The document describes the development of a hybrid inverter for renewable energy sources. The objectives were to design an inverter that can take input from both solar panels and wind turbines to produce electricity, and to design a wind turbine that operates in dual mode to minimize cost and size. The design included components like a MOSFET, inductor, capacitor, and transformer. Simulations were performed and circuit diagrams were presented. However, some objectives were not fully met due to difficulties obtaining components during the pandemic. Future work could focus on energy storage and optimization to further reduce the hybrid system's cost and size.

1. Development of Hybrid Inverter for Renewable
Source Application
Name of the Candidate: Akshay VB, Chandrashekhar,
Jeshwanth S Reddy, Vivek C L
SRN: R16EE016, R16EE035, R16EE067, R17EE852
School:Electrical & Electronics Engineering
REVA UNIVERSITY
Guide: Prof. Arpita Banik
Designation: Assistant Professor
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2. Motivation and Objectives
Motivation: A key motivation for promoting solar and
wind energy is the potential to reduce demand for fossil fuels
and investments in more traditional energy resources, and
provide environmental benefits.
• Solar and wind power is a free source of energy
 Objective-I :- Design and Development of an hybrid Inverter
which can take input from solar PV panel and wind turbine
to produce electricity.
 Objective-II :- Design wind turbine and make it hybrid by
using photo-voltaic cell that produce electric energy and
operates in dual mode by minimizing its cost and size.
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3. Our Contribution
Name of the student Activities carried out
Akshay V B Specification of Components , Simulation,
Circuit Hardware,
Chandrashekhar Simulation , Circuit Hardware, PowerPoint
Presentation
Jeshwanth S Reddy PowerPoint Presentation, Simulation,
Survey on Wind Mill Working and
Construction
Vivek C L Simulation , Hardware, Solar Panel, Wind
Mill, Hardware Components
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4. Block diagram
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5. Mathematical Analysis
• Solar panel
Solar Panel Calculation
VOLT = 12V
WATT=10W
W = V X I
10 = 12 X I
I = 5/18
I=0.276 A
i.e. I=276 mA
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• Wind Mill
• Wind Mill design
• Length - 48 inch
• Material used mild steel
• Cup plastic 12x6 inch
• Dynamo
12-volt 1amps
When the speed is 100 rpm
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6. Specifications
• Inverter circuit
Input DC voltage=12V
Output AC voltage=200V
Switching frequency=50khz
Output power = 100W
Duty cycle=65%
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• MOSFET IRF Z44
• Inductor - 100uH
• Capacitor- 100uF
• Programme in C embedded
• Software- Arduino IDE
using PID
• Variable Resistance- 10k
• Transformer 12-0-12V – 1
No
• Resistance – 390 ohm &
630 ohm
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7. • Calculation of Inductor and
Capacitor Values :
Vin = 9 V
VOUT = 10.10 volts
ILOAD = 1 amps
Fsw = 31.25 K Hz
D = 1-(V in / V out )
= 1-(9V /10.1V)
= 1-0.891
=0.109
L min = (D*(1-D)^2*R)/(2*f)
=(0.109*0.891^2*14500)/(2*3125
0)
= 0.08007566 H
=80 mH
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IL = (Vs)/((1-D)^2*R)
=(9)/ ((1-0.109)^2*14500)
= 0.000390093
= 0.39mA
Inductor current Ripple
= (Vs*D*T)/(2*L)
=(9*0.109)/(2*0.008*31250)
=0.001962A
=1.9mA
Capacitor,
C =(D*v)/(R*Vo*f)
=(0.109)/(14500*0.001*31250)
=0.2406181F =220microF.

8. Simulation
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Simulation Waveform (Output across the Inverter)

10. Simulation Waveform (Output across the transformer)
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11. Working of DC-DC Converter
• We have a potentiometer connected
to the analog input A0. With this
potentiometer we will choose the
output value between 1 and 50 volts
approximately
• At the output of the circuit we have
a voltage divider that will lower the
voltage from maximum 50V to under
5 volts because that's the maximum
input voltage of the Arduino ADCs.
• In the code we compare this two
voltages and increase or decrease the
PWM width in order to keep the
output constant. 11
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12. DC-DC Converter Circuit
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13. Working of Inverter
• Here is the circuit diagram of a 100
watt inverter using IC CD4047 and
MOSFET IRF Z44. CD 4047 is a low
power CMOS stable multi-vibrator IC.
• Here it is wired as an stable multi-
vibrator producing two pulse trains of
0.01s which are 180 degree out of
phase at the pins 10 and 11 of the IC.
Pin 10 is connected to the gate of Q1
and pin 11 is connected to the gate of
Q2.
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14. • Resistors R3 and R4 prevents the
loading of the IC by the respective
MOSFETs. When pin 10 is high Q1
conducts and current flows through
the upper half of the transformer
primary which accounts for the positive
half of the output AC voltage.
• When pin 11 is high Q2 conducts
and current flows through the lower
half of the transformer primary in
opposite direction and it accounts for
the negative half of the output AC
voltage
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15. Inverter Circuit Board-
IC4047
Bridge Rectifier Capacitor Filter
220 ohm 12-0-12V
Transformer
Load
100W
10k variable
resistor
390k ohm
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16. Working of Wind Mill
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17. Objectives not met- and reasons
• We couldn’t compare simulation output and hardware output.
• We could complete half of the DC-DC Circuit.
Reasons- We couldn’t find the components due to the pandemic.
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18. Lessons & new knowledge learnt in this
journey
• We learnt how to identify the topic.
• We learnt working on block diagram and circuit diagram.
• We learnt working on simulation.
• We learnt how to identify and select the components required for the
circuits.
• We got the opportunity work on hardware module.
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19. Future work
• Battery can be used with bidirectional converter for storing surplus
energy during power generation from wind and solar is more than the
load requirement and suppling the power to load during less power
generation.
• Main motto of our project is to promote the use of renewable energy
sources. This project is very important in our life because this project is
one-time investment fixed on life time. In future when non-renewable
energy sources get exhausted then we will have to depend upon only
on the renewable sources for energy generation.
• Optimization techniques can be used in order to minimize the cost
and size of hybrid systems.
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20. Question & Answers
1) Interpret the simulation results for sudden increase in the output voltage
Answer: A portion of output is connected to the PID controller is to control the output constant
by controlling the switching speed of MOSFET. If the output suddenly increases the switching speed
of MOSFET will decrease.
2) How to connect two sources together using a single converter should be explained
Answer: The output of solar and wind are connected with diode. Only the output of solar and wind
passes through the diode to dc to dc converter, the diode avoids the reverse voltage.
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21. References
• “Multi-input Inverter for Hybrid Wind-Photovoltaic Standalone System” Archana N Assistant
Professor (Sr.Gr.) PSG College of Technology Coimbatore, India ; Anupamma K IPG Scholar – Power
Electronics and DrivesPSG College of Technology Coimbatore, India IEEE Conference Record #
42656; IEEE Xplore ISBN:978-1-5386-3452
• Yaow-Ming Chen, Yuan-Chuan Liu, Shih-Chieh Hung and Chung-heng Cheng, “Multi-Input Inverter
for Grid-Connected HybridPV/Wind Power System”, IEEE Transactions on Power
Electronics,Volume 22, No. 3, May 2007.
• Yuvaraj V, Roger Rozario, Deepa S N, “Implementation and control of Multi–Input Power
Converter for Grid Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy Generation System”, Student Pulse
Academic Journal, Volume3, Issue 6, June 2011.
• Joanne Hui, Alireza Bakhshai and Praveen K. Jain, “A Hybrid Wind-Solar Energy System: A New
Rectifier Stage Topology”, 25th Annual EEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and
Exposition,Feb 2010
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