The document discusses strategies for preventing sharps injuries among healthcare workers. It estimates that there are over 385,000 sharps injuries annually among hospital staff in the US. The risks of infection from a sharps injury from a known positive source for various bloodborne pathogens are provided. The costs of sharps injuries to both healthcare workers and facilities are reviewed. Data on the types of devices most commonly involved in injuries and when and how injuries occur is presented. The strategies discussed for prevention include using needle-free IV systems, safer devices, following sharps safety practices like proper disposal techniques, and establishing procedures for responding to injuries.
This document discusses sharps injuries among healthcare personnel and recommendations to prevent such injuries. It notes that there are an estimated 385,000 sharps injuries annually, with nurses being the occupational group most commonly exposed. The six devices that account for most injuries are disposable syringes, suture needles, winged-steel needles, intravenous catheter stylets, phlebotomy needles, and scalpels. Over a third of injuries are disposal-related. Recommendations include using safety-engineered devices, safe handling practices like neutral zones, and proper disposal in closable sharps containers.
14 needle-stick injuries among health care workersMEEQAT HOSPITAL
Needle-stick injuries are a common occupational hazard for healthcare workers that can result in transmission of bloodborne pathogens. This document discusses a surveillance study of 38 needlestick injury cases reported at Ohud Hospital over a period of time. It found that the majority of injuries (74%) were from hollow bore needles and most occurred in the ICU and OR departments. Only 81% of injured healthcare workers were fully vaccinated against hepatitis B. The study concludes that healthcare employers should ensure workers are properly trained in safe needle practices and reporting of injuries to help prevent future exposures.
Needle stick injury BE aware......................Pradnya Sane
This document discusses needlestick injuries among healthcare workers. It notes that such injuries are caused by stress, carelessness, improper passing of sharps, and lack of knowledge about the seriousness. Nurses have the highest risk of injury, making up 48% of those affected. The highest sources of injury are garbage bags, needle recapping, and IV line administration. While the risk of infection from a needlestick is low, healthcare workers should still promptly report injuries and follow post-exposure protocols to reduce risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV transmission. Proper sharps disposal, immunization, and avoiding risky behaviors can help reduce needlestick injuries among healthcare workers.
This document discusses needle stick and sharp injuries (NSI). NSI occur when needles accidentally puncture the skin, often when healthcare workers are using, disassembling, or disposing of needles. Improper disposal of needles also poses a risk. NSI can transmit bloodborne pathogens like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Despite training programs, NSI remain a problem. Nurses and other clinical staff are most at risk. Injuries often occur during disposal or manipulation of needles in patients. Proper handling and disposal of sharps can help prevent these injuries.
Needle stick sharps injury and its post exposure prophylaxis managementDr. Mamta Shrivastav
Needle stick and sharps injuries pose risks to healthcare workers. Sharps include needles as well as other objects that can cut or pierce skin. To prevent injuries, unsafe practices like recapping needles should be avoided. Anyone handling sharps is at risk, and nursing staff are most commonly injured. If exposed, proper first aid and reporting is important. Post-exposure prophylaxis based on exposure type and source status can reduce risk of infection from HIV, HBV, and HCV. Follow-up testing allows monitoring for potential seroconversion. Consistent use of safety devices, safe handling and disposal of sharps can help reduce healthcare worker injuries and exposures.
Needle stick injury Prevention and Management by Dr. Rakesh Prasad SahDr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
1) Needle stick injuries can result in exposure to bloodborne viruses like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. The risk of infection depends on factors like the type of needle and whether the needle was visibly contaminated with blood.
2) Immediate first aid for exposures includes washing wounds with soap and water and flushing splashes to the eyes or mouth with water. Exposed individuals should also take the first dose of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV as soon as possible.
3) Management of exposures involves testing the source for bloodborne viruses, evaluating the exposure risk, deciding on PEP treatment, obtaining consent, counselling, and follow-up testing of exposed individuals to monitor for potential
Role of health care worker in preventing needlesticksubauday
Needlestick injuries can occur at various stages of needle use through improper equipment design, unsafe procedures, difficult work conditions, lack of experience, and unsafe disposal practices. They can be prevented through employee training, following guidelines for safe sharps management including proper disposal in puncture-proof containers and no needle recapping, improved equipment design, and surveillance programs to identify areas for improvement.
This document discusses sharps injuries among healthcare personnel and recommendations to prevent such injuries. It notes that there are an estimated 385,000 sharps injuries annually, with nurses being the occupational group most commonly exposed. The six devices that account for most injuries are disposable syringes, suture needles, winged-steel needles, intravenous catheter stylets, phlebotomy needles, and scalpels. Over a third of injuries are disposal-related. Recommendations include using safety-engineered devices, safe handling practices like neutral zones, and proper disposal in closable sharps containers.
14 needle-stick injuries among health care workersMEEQAT HOSPITAL
Needle-stick injuries are a common occupational hazard for healthcare workers that can result in transmission of bloodborne pathogens. This document discusses a surveillance study of 38 needlestick injury cases reported at Ohud Hospital over a period of time. It found that the majority of injuries (74%) were from hollow bore needles and most occurred in the ICU and OR departments. Only 81% of injured healthcare workers were fully vaccinated against hepatitis B. The study concludes that healthcare employers should ensure workers are properly trained in safe needle practices and reporting of injuries to help prevent future exposures.
Needle stick injury BE aware......................Pradnya Sane
This document discusses needlestick injuries among healthcare workers. It notes that such injuries are caused by stress, carelessness, improper passing of sharps, and lack of knowledge about the seriousness. Nurses have the highest risk of injury, making up 48% of those affected. The highest sources of injury are garbage bags, needle recapping, and IV line administration. While the risk of infection from a needlestick is low, healthcare workers should still promptly report injuries and follow post-exposure protocols to reduce risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV transmission. Proper sharps disposal, immunization, and avoiding risky behaviors can help reduce needlestick injuries among healthcare workers.
This document discusses needle stick and sharp injuries (NSI). NSI occur when needles accidentally puncture the skin, often when healthcare workers are using, disassembling, or disposing of needles. Improper disposal of needles also poses a risk. NSI can transmit bloodborne pathogens like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. Despite training programs, NSI remain a problem. Nurses and other clinical staff are most at risk. Injuries often occur during disposal or manipulation of needles in patients. Proper handling and disposal of sharps can help prevent these injuries.
Needle stick sharps injury and its post exposure prophylaxis managementDr. Mamta Shrivastav
Needle stick and sharps injuries pose risks to healthcare workers. Sharps include needles as well as other objects that can cut or pierce skin. To prevent injuries, unsafe practices like recapping needles should be avoided. Anyone handling sharps is at risk, and nursing staff are most commonly injured. If exposed, proper first aid and reporting is important. Post-exposure prophylaxis based on exposure type and source status can reduce risk of infection from HIV, HBV, and HCV. Follow-up testing allows monitoring for potential seroconversion. Consistent use of safety devices, safe handling and disposal of sharps can help reduce healthcare worker injuries and exposures.
Needle stick injury Prevention and Management by Dr. Rakesh Prasad SahDr. Rakesh Prasad Sah
1) Needle stick injuries can result in exposure to bloodborne viruses like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. The risk of infection depends on factors like the type of needle and whether the needle was visibly contaminated with blood.
2) Immediate first aid for exposures includes washing wounds with soap and water and flushing splashes to the eyes or mouth with water. Exposed individuals should also take the first dose of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for HIV as soon as possible.
3) Management of exposures involves testing the source for bloodborne viruses, evaluating the exposure risk, deciding on PEP treatment, obtaining consent, counselling, and follow-up testing of exposed individuals to monitor for potential
Role of health care worker in preventing needlesticksubauday
Needlestick injuries can occur at various stages of needle use through improper equipment design, unsafe procedures, difficult work conditions, lack of experience, and unsafe disposal practices. They can be prevented through employee training, following guidelines for safe sharps management including proper disposal in puncture-proof containers and no needle recapping, improved equipment design, and surveillance programs to identify areas for improvement.
Needlestick Injuries: A guide for safe needle handlingMarketLab Inc.
Needlestick injuries are a serious occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Offset your risk by following procedure guidelines and using needle safety devices.
Needle Stick and Sharps Exposure Prevention for Students.pptSaravanackumarALGopa
This document discusses needle stick and sharps injuries, including:
- Hundreds of thousands of needle stick injuries occur each year in healthcare settings.
- The pathogens of most concern that can be transmitted through sharps injuries are hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV.
- Common devices that cause injuries include needles, scalpels, and IV delivery systems.
- Proper sharps safety practices include being prepared, being aware of one's surroundings during procedures, and carefully disposing of and cleaning up sharps.
This document discusses needlestick injuries among healthcare workers and post-exposure prophylaxis. It provides information on the risks of transmitting various bloodborne pathogens like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C via needlestick injuries. It also outlines the determinants of transmission risk and classifications of exposure incidents and infected sources. The document recommends immediate management of exposures, which includes wound cleansing. It provides treatment regimens for post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. It stresses the importance of vaccination against Hepatitis B for healthcare workers and safe injection practices to prevent needlestick injuries.
This document provides guidance on handling biohazard spills. It discusses universal precautions which treat every spill as potentially infectious. Personal protective equipment like gloves and safety glasses are required for cleaning blood or bodily fluids. Proper cleanup involves 10 steps: preparation with signs and PPE, placing absorbent material, applying disinfectant, cleaning the spill, disposing of contaminated materials, disinfecting the area again, cleaning equipment, removing PPE, handwashing, and reporting the spill. Facilities must have an exposure control plan per OSHA to protect employees from bloodborne pathogens.
Needle stick injuries are a common hazard for healthcare workers and laboratory staff, occurring in about 1/3 of nurses and lab personnel each year. Such injuries most often occur during use of needles, especially during disposal or recapping. Recapping needles is particularly dangerous and is the single largest cause of needle stick injuries. Proper safety equipment, training, disposal procedures and surveillance programs are needed to help prevent these exposures and protect workers from bloodborne diseases.
Infection Control Guidelines for Sharp Injuries Prevention
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
This document provides guidelines for managing blood and body fluid spills. It defines body fluids as any fluid from the human body, which are considered hazardous. When dealing with spills, treat all fluids as potentially infected and follow standard precautions. Clean spills using appropriate cleaning solutions and barriers to protect from exposure. Place soiled materials in biohazard bags and dispose in biohazard containers, not the regular trash. Seek first aid for any exposures by washing the area, and report exposures to supervisors. Maintain safety by disposing of materials properly and thinking before acting to protect yourself and patients.
This document provides information about needlestick injuries and post-exposure prophylaxis. It begins by defining a needlestick injury and listing workers who are at risk such as nurses, physicians, and laboratory technicians. It then discusses factors that influence the risk of acquiring an infection and explains how to reduce risk through safe disposal of sharps and not recapping needles. The document outlines the management of exposures, including first aid, evaluation, post-exposure prophylaxis medications and follow-up testing. It emphasizes the importance of remaining calm, washing the wound, and promptly reporting exposures in order to quickly receive counseling and preventative treatment if needed.
The Safe Handling and Disposal of Sharps.pptxAhmad Thanin
Sharps include needles, blades, and broken glass that may cut or pierce skin. Sharps should be disposed of in puncture-resistant containers labeled for sharps disposal. When full, sharps containers should be sealed, labeled, and taken for proper disposal according to local guidelines. Safe sharps handling and disposal prevents injuries and protects waste workers and the community.
Needle stick injury and hazards of needle stickNCRIMS, Meerut
Needlestick injuries are wounds caused by sharps that accidentally puncture the skin.
Needlestick injuries are a hazard for people who work with hypodermic syringes and other needle equipment.
These injuries can occur at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose of needles.
Preventing needlestick and other sharp injuries 2019jayashreejaji
This document discusses strategies for preventing needlestick and sharp injuries among healthcare workers. It begins by outlining the significant problem of needlestick injuries, with estimates of 385,000 injuries annually among hospital staff in the US. It then examines the risks of various bloodborne virus transmission from sharps injuries.
The document explores who is most at risk of injury, where and when injuries typically occur, and which devices are most commonly involved. It emphasizes the importance of using safety-engineered devices to isolate sharps as well as following safe work practices like not recapping needles. Proper disposal techniques and following exposure protocols in case of an injury are also covered. The goal is to eliminate unnecessary sharps use and prevent the majority of
safe injection practice as per NABH.pptxanjalatchi
Safe injection practices are intended to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases between patients or between patients and healthcare personnel. The key steps of safe injection practices include cleaning the work space, proper hand hygiene, using sterile syringes and needles for each patient, properly disinfecting medication vials, safely collecting sharps, and properly disposing of waste. Healthcare facilities should provide regular training to all personnel on safe injection practices and periodically observe practices to ensure they are being followed correctly.
The document introduces the concept of the 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene, which are: 1) Before touching a patient, 2) Before a procedure, 3) After a procedure or body fluid exposure risk, 4) After touching a patient, and 5) After touching a patient's surroundings when the patient has not been touched. It defines key terms like patient, procedure, and surroundings. It provides examples for when each moment should be performed and the negative outcomes each moment aims to prevent, such as cross-contamination and infection.
This document discusses procedures for managing different types of spills that may occur in a hospital setting. It outlines protocols for cleaning up biological spills of various sizes, as well as spills involving chemicals, mercury, and radioactive materials. Biological spills are classified as spot, small, or large and procedures are provided for cleaning and disinfecting areas contaminated with blood or bodily fluids depending on the spill size. Chemical and radioactive spills require identifying the materials, taking safety precautions, containing and cleaning the spill, and properly disposing of contaminated items.
This document discusses transmission-based precautions for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It describes three main types of precautions - contact, droplet, and airborne - based on the route of transmission.
Contact precautions are used for diseases spread through direct or indirect contact and include practices like wearing gloves and gowns. Droplet precautions are used for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets within 1 meter and include wearing a surgical mask. Airborne precautions are used for diseases transmitted through small particles that remain suspended in the air like tuberculosis, and require an N95 respirator mask and isolation in a negative pressure room. The document outlines the specific protective measures needed for each precaution type.
Nurse and doctors are most at risk of needlestick injuries which commonly occur during disposal. Recapping needles is a major risk factor. Such injuries can expose workers to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV. The risk of infection is highest for deep injuries involving visible blood. Proper sharps disposal, safety devices, and vaccination can help prevent injuries. Hospitals must provide post-exposure prophylaxis drugs according to guidelines to protect healthcare workers.
This document provides information on preventing exposures to bloodborne pathogens through safe work practices involving sharps and contact exposures. It discusses that sharps injuries are a risk in healthcare settings and can expose workers to serious infections like HIV, HBV, and HCV. The best way to prevent these exposures is through proper education and training, following standard precautions, using safety-engineered devices, safe disposal of sharps, and creating a culture of safety awareness. It provides guidance on specific safe practices to minimize risk of injuries from sharps at each step of use, from preparation to disposal. Maintaining preparedness, awareness, and careful disposal are emphasized.
Needlestick injuries are accidental punctures of the skin from needles. They are commonly caused by unsafe practices like recapping used needles. Recapping needles is especially dangerous as the needle can miss the cap and injure the hand. Improper disposal of used needles, like leaving them in waste bins, also increases the risk of needlestick injuries. To prevent these injuries, medical workers should avoid recapping needles, plan safe needle handling and disposal procedures, use safety-engineered devices, and immediately report any needlestick injuries according to protocol.
Needle stick injuries pose a significant risk to healthcare workers. While policies and safety protocols have improved in recent decades, needle sticks remain a serious issue. A key part of addressing the problem involves implementing a risk management program that focuses on identifying risks, analyzing data on injuries, and implementing prevention and control strategies. Some important strategies for prevention include proper sharps disposal, safety engineering controls like safety containers, safe work practices, and education to promote a culture of safety. Reducing needle stick injuries requires an interdisciplinary approach and commitment across an entire organization.
Discover evidence-based practices to prevent sharps injuries and to reduce blood borne pathogen exposure to perioperative patients and personnel. This presentation is from a recent AORN webinar. Listen to the replay for free at http://bit.ly/1asAKXx. When registering for the replay, you can also earn one contact hour through June 27, 2014.
This document discusses needlestick injuries and prevention strategies. It defines needlestick injuries as accidental skin punctures from medical sharps. Needlesticks can expose healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. The document provides epidemiological data on needlestick injuries, discusses who is at risk, outlines steps to take if injured, and recommends multiple prevention strategies like safety devices, sharps disposal procedures, training, and vaccination.
Needlestick Injuries: A guide for safe needle handlingMarketLab Inc.
Needlestick injuries are a serious occupational hazard for healthcare workers. Offset your risk by following procedure guidelines and using needle safety devices.
Needle Stick and Sharps Exposure Prevention for Students.pptSaravanackumarALGopa
This document discusses needle stick and sharps injuries, including:
- Hundreds of thousands of needle stick injuries occur each year in healthcare settings.
- The pathogens of most concern that can be transmitted through sharps injuries are hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV.
- Common devices that cause injuries include needles, scalpels, and IV delivery systems.
- Proper sharps safety practices include being prepared, being aware of one's surroundings during procedures, and carefully disposing of and cleaning up sharps.
This document discusses needlestick injuries among healthcare workers and post-exposure prophylaxis. It provides information on the risks of transmitting various bloodborne pathogens like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C via needlestick injuries. It also outlines the determinants of transmission risk and classifications of exposure incidents and infected sources. The document recommends immediate management of exposures, which includes wound cleansing. It provides treatment regimens for post-exposure prophylaxis of HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. It stresses the importance of vaccination against Hepatitis B for healthcare workers and safe injection practices to prevent needlestick injuries.
This document provides guidance on handling biohazard spills. It discusses universal precautions which treat every spill as potentially infectious. Personal protective equipment like gloves and safety glasses are required for cleaning blood or bodily fluids. Proper cleanup involves 10 steps: preparation with signs and PPE, placing absorbent material, applying disinfectant, cleaning the spill, disposing of contaminated materials, disinfecting the area again, cleaning equipment, removing PPE, handwashing, and reporting the spill. Facilities must have an exposure control plan per OSHA to protect employees from bloodborne pathogens.
Needle stick injuries are a common hazard for healthcare workers and laboratory staff, occurring in about 1/3 of nurses and lab personnel each year. Such injuries most often occur during use of needles, especially during disposal or recapping. Recapping needles is particularly dangerous and is the single largest cause of needle stick injuries. Proper safety equipment, training, disposal procedures and surveillance programs are needed to help prevent these exposures and protect workers from bloodborne diseases.
Infection Control Guidelines for Sharp Injuries Prevention
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
This document provides guidelines for managing blood and body fluid spills. It defines body fluids as any fluid from the human body, which are considered hazardous. When dealing with spills, treat all fluids as potentially infected and follow standard precautions. Clean spills using appropriate cleaning solutions and barriers to protect from exposure. Place soiled materials in biohazard bags and dispose in biohazard containers, not the regular trash. Seek first aid for any exposures by washing the area, and report exposures to supervisors. Maintain safety by disposing of materials properly and thinking before acting to protect yourself and patients.
This document provides information about needlestick injuries and post-exposure prophylaxis. It begins by defining a needlestick injury and listing workers who are at risk such as nurses, physicians, and laboratory technicians. It then discusses factors that influence the risk of acquiring an infection and explains how to reduce risk through safe disposal of sharps and not recapping needles. The document outlines the management of exposures, including first aid, evaluation, post-exposure prophylaxis medications and follow-up testing. It emphasizes the importance of remaining calm, washing the wound, and promptly reporting exposures in order to quickly receive counseling and preventative treatment if needed.
The Safe Handling and Disposal of Sharps.pptxAhmad Thanin
Sharps include needles, blades, and broken glass that may cut or pierce skin. Sharps should be disposed of in puncture-resistant containers labeled for sharps disposal. When full, sharps containers should be sealed, labeled, and taken for proper disposal according to local guidelines. Safe sharps handling and disposal prevents injuries and protects waste workers and the community.
Needle stick injury and hazards of needle stickNCRIMS, Meerut
Needlestick injuries are wounds caused by sharps that accidentally puncture the skin.
Needlestick injuries are a hazard for people who work with hypodermic syringes and other needle equipment.
These injuries can occur at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose of needles.
Preventing needlestick and other sharp injuries 2019jayashreejaji
This document discusses strategies for preventing needlestick and sharp injuries among healthcare workers. It begins by outlining the significant problem of needlestick injuries, with estimates of 385,000 injuries annually among hospital staff in the US. It then examines the risks of various bloodborne virus transmission from sharps injuries.
The document explores who is most at risk of injury, where and when injuries typically occur, and which devices are most commonly involved. It emphasizes the importance of using safety-engineered devices to isolate sharps as well as following safe work practices like not recapping needles. Proper disposal techniques and following exposure protocols in case of an injury are also covered. The goal is to eliminate unnecessary sharps use and prevent the majority of
safe injection practice as per NABH.pptxanjalatchi
Safe injection practices are intended to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases between patients or between patients and healthcare personnel. The key steps of safe injection practices include cleaning the work space, proper hand hygiene, using sterile syringes and needles for each patient, properly disinfecting medication vials, safely collecting sharps, and properly disposing of waste. Healthcare facilities should provide regular training to all personnel on safe injection practices and periodically observe practices to ensure they are being followed correctly.
The document introduces the concept of the 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene, which are: 1) Before touching a patient, 2) Before a procedure, 3) After a procedure or body fluid exposure risk, 4) After touching a patient, and 5) After touching a patient's surroundings when the patient has not been touched. It defines key terms like patient, procedure, and surroundings. It provides examples for when each moment should be performed and the negative outcomes each moment aims to prevent, such as cross-contamination and infection.
This document discusses procedures for managing different types of spills that may occur in a hospital setting. It outlines protocols for cleaning up biological spills of various sizes, as well as spills involving chemicals, mercury, and radioactive materials. Biological spills are classified as spot, small, or large and procedures are provided for cleaning and disinfecting areas contaminated with blood or bodily fluids depending on the spill size. Chemical and radioactive spills require identifying the materials, taking safety precautions, containing and cleaning the spill, and properly disposing of contaminated items.
This document discusses transmission-based precautions for preventing the spread of infectious diseases. It describes three main types of precautions - contact, droplet, and airborne - based on the route of transmission.
Contact precautions are used for diseases spread through direct or indirect contact and include practices like wearing gloves and gowns. Droplet precautions are used for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets within 1 meter and include wearing a surgical mask. Airborne precautions are used for diseases transmitted through small particles that remain suspended in the air like tuberculosis, and require an N95 respirator mask and isolation in a negative pressure room. The document outlines the specific protective measures needed for each precaution type.
Nurse and doctors are most at risk of needlestick injuries which commonly occur during disposal. Recapping needles is a major risk factor. Such injuries can expose workers to Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, and HIV. The risk of infection is highest for deep injuries involving visible blood. Proper sharps disposal, safety devices, and vaccination can help prevent injuries. Hospitals must provide post-exposure prophylaxis drugs according to guidelines to protect healthcare workers.
This document provides information on preventing exposures to bloodborne pathogens through safe work practices involving sharps and contact exposures. It discusses that sharps injuries are a risk in healthcare settings and can expose workers to serious infections like HIV, HBV, and HCV. The best way to prevent these exposures is through proper education and training, following standard precautions, using safety-engineered devices, safe disposal of sharps, and creating a culture of safety awareness. It provides guidance on specific safe practices to minimize risk of injuries from sharps at each step of use, from preparation to disposal. Maintaining preparedness, awareness, and careful disposal are emphasized.
Needlestick injuries are accidental punctures of the skin from needles. They are commonly caused by unsafe practices like recapping used needles. Recapping needles is especially dangerous as the needle can miss the cap and injure the hand. Improper disposal of used needles, like leaving them in waste bins, also increases the risk of needlestick injuries. To prevent these injuries, medical workers should avoid recapping needles, plan safe needle handling and disposal procedures, use safety-engineered devices, and immediately report any needlestick injuries according to protocol.
Needle stick injuries pose a significant risk to healthcare workers. While policies and safety protocols have improved in recent decades, needle sticks remain a serious issue. A key part of addressing the problem involves implementing a risk management program that focuses on identifying risks, analyzing data on injuries, and implementing prevention and control strategies. Some important strategies for prevention include proper sharps disposal, safety engineering controls like safety containers, safe work practices, and education to promote a culture of safety. Reducing needle stick injuries requires an interdisciplinary approach and commitment across an entire organization.
Discover evidence-based practices to prevent sharps injuries and to reduce blood borne pathogen exposure to perioperative patients and personnel. This presentation is from a recent AORN webinar. Listen to the replay for free at http://bit.ly/1asAKXx. When registering for the replay, you can also earn one contact hour through June 27, 2014.
This document discusses needlestick injuries and prevention strategies. It defines needlestick injuries as accidental skin punctures from medical sharps. Needlesticks can expose healthcare workers to bloodborne pathogens like HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. The document provides epidemiological data on needlestick injuries, discusses who is at risk, outlines steps to take if injured, and recommends multiple prevention strategies like safety devices, sharps disposal procedures, training, and vaccination.
Prevention Of Needlestick Injury Among Chinese Nursesntxxz
This document discusses the prevention of needlestick injuries among healthcare workers in China. It notes that over 1.5 million needlestick injuries occur annually in China, putting workers at risk of infections like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. Prevention strategies discussed include eliminating unnecessary needles, properly disposing of needles, not recapping needles, and using safety devices. The document also covers post-exposure procedures for injured workers.
Sharp injuries and needle stick post exposure prophylaxis [compatibility mode]drnahla
Infection Control Guidelines for Sharp injuries and needle stick post exposure prophylaxis
Dr. NAHLA ABDEL KADERوMD, PhD.
INFECTION CONTROL CONSULTANT, MOH
INFECTION CONTROL CBAHI SURVEYOR
Infection Control Director, KKH.
This document provides information on needlestick injuries, splashes, and spill management for healthcare workers. It discusses that needlestick injuries occur most often during activities like recapping needles, blood draws, and giving injections. Needlesticks can transmit infections like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. The document recommends always reporting injuries and using safety devices to prevent needlesticks. It also provides guidelines for managing minor blood spills and major spills, including wearing PPE and containing and cleaning spills properly. Splashes to the eyes or skin should be washed thoroughly and reported.
This document provides an overview of medical waste management. It defines different types of medical waste and outlines the key components of an infectious waste management plan, including designation of infectious waste, segregation, packaging, storage, treatment, disposal, and staff training. The objectives are to understand medical waste regulations and how to properly manage infectious waste.
Bio Medical Waste Management And Handling Rules 1998ASHISH SINGH
The document discusses India's Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1998 which were established to regulate the management of biomedical waste from healthcare facilities. It defines biomedical waste and categories it based on potential hazards. The rules require all waste generators to treat and dispose of waste properly to prevent risks to public health and the environment. Facilities must segregate waste, maintain records, and report any accidents. The rules aim to formalize waste handling practices in India and prevent improper disposal of biomedical waste.
The document discusses intramuscular injections which are commonly used for immunizations but can cause pain, and outlines various measures that can be taken before, during, and after injections to reduce pain and discomfort, such as using local anesthesia, distraction techniques for children, proper injection site and technique, and post-injection care. The goal is to alleviate the apprehension around injections by minimizing the pain associated with the procedure.
This document provides guidelines from the Ministry of Health (MOH) on managing hospital waste. It defines healthcare waste and outlines how different types of waste should be disposed of, such as infectious waste in yellow bags, sharp waste in yellow sharp containers, and pathological waste in red bags. The guidelines apply to all medical, nursing, housekeeping, and other non-medical staff. Proper waste disposal and training of healthcare workers is important to prevent the spread of infections.
The document provides an agenda and materials for a training on vaccination for health care providers. The training covers an overview of influenza disease and vaccines, demonstration of intramuscular injection techniques, skills practices in preparing and administering various vaccines, management of potential adverse reactions, and use of triage algorithms. The document aims to educate providers on best practices for vaccine administration and handling potential issues.
Aorn sharps injury prevention in the perioperative setting guidance statement[1]jbridgesrn0819
This document provides guidance on developing sharps injury prevention programs in perioperative settings. It begins with an introduction stating that perioperative nurses face high risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens from percutaneous injuries. The background section then discusses how injuries occur most often in certain high risk specialties and procedures. It also outlines the types of sharp devices that commonly cause injuries, such as suture needles and scalpels. The document concludes by providing recommendations for multi-level sharps injury prevention strategies involving individual nurses, employers, and overcoming obstacles to compliance.
The document discusses the history, prevalence, and proper procedures for intramuscular injections. It notes that while injections became popular after World War II, as many as 70-95% of injections given in India are unnecessary. The document provides guidance on selecting injection sites, preparing syringes safely, administering injections correctly, and disposing of used equipment to avoid infections and other complications. It emphasizes giving injections only when truly needed and ensuring any injection administered is done so safely.
The document provides guidelines from the CDC on safe injection practices. It recommends using aseptic technique and sterile equipment for each individual patient to prevent transmission of infectious diseases. Single-dose vials should be used whenever possible and multi-dose vials, if necessary, must have sterile needles or cannulas each time. Outbreaks have shown that reusing or sharing needles, syringes and medication vials can expose over 100,000 patients to diseases like hepatitis or HIV. Proper injection safety is important to protect patients and healthcare professionals.
Cross infection control in dentistry (Few basic points)Sumaiya Hasan
The document discusses cross infection control in dentistry. It defines cross infection as the transfer of infectious agents between people, directly or indirectly, and cross infection control as measures taken to prevent cross infection. It describes various pathogens that can be transmitted and discusses ways of transmission including direct contact and indirect transmission between patients, dental workers, and through dental office equipment. It outlines standard precautions for personal protection, maintaining an aseptic environment, and basic cross infection control. It also discusses cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization procedures for dental instruments and the environment.
The document outlines best practices for administering intramuscular injections, including selecting appropriate injection sites based on the patient's age, assessing body mass index to determine needle size, and techniques such as Z-tracking to reduce pain and prevent leakage of medication from the injection site. Evidence-based guidelines are presented for patient positioning, skin cleansing, aspirating for blood, injection angle and speed, and monitoring the patient after injection.
This document provides information on injection technique. It begins by explaining that giving injections safely requires knowledge in various areas like anatomy, pharmacology, and communication skills. It then defines what an injection is and identifies the main parts of a syringe. The document proceeds to discuss skin anatomy and different injection sites. It provides details on intradermal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular injection techniques, including needle and syringe selection, administration steps, and recommended sites for each. Proper hand washing and infection control are emphasized throughout.
This document discusses safe practices for managing sharps in healthcare settings. It defines sharps as needles, blades, and other instruments that can cut or pierce skin. Injuries from sharps often occur during procedures when equipment is passed between workers, during recapping of needles, or from sharps left in unintended places. The document recommends eliminating or reducing sharps use when possible. It also provides guidance on using safety-engineered devices, safe practices during injections and procedures, careful clean up and disposal of sharps, and responding appropriately to sharps injuries. The overall message is that adhering to safe sharps handling practices and policies can help prevent injuries for healthcare workers.
This document provides information on preventing and reporting needlestick and sharps injuries. It discusses who is most at risk, where injuries typically occur, when they happen, and which devices are most commonly involved. The six devices that account for 78% of injuries are identified. Strategies for prevention include eliminating unnecessary needle use, using safer sharps devices with safety features, and following safe work practices around preparation, awareness during procedures, and proper clean up and disposal. Not following these practices can lead to exposure to bloodborne pathogens like hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. It is important to report any exposures immediately to facilitate testing and post-exposure prophylaxis if needed.
This document provides information on needlestick injuries, including their causes, risks, prevention, and appropriate response. It describes how needlestick injuries most commonly occur through improper handling or disposal of sharps. It emphasizes the importance of safe sharps handling techniques like not recapping needles, use of puncture-resistant sharps containers, and a hands-free approach when passing sharps. The document also outlines steps to take after a needlestick occurs, including wound care, reporting procedures, and post-exposure prophylaxis to prevent transmission of bloodborne diseases. Root cause analysis of sharps injuries can help identify factors to address through quality improvement measures for enhanced safety.
Needlestick and sharps injuries pose a risk of transmitting bloodborne pathogens. Most injuries occur after use of sharps before disposal, often in inpatient units. Recapping needles, leaving sharps unattended, unexpected client movement, and improper sharps handling and disposal are common causes. If exposed, washing the wound and promptly reporting to employee health is important. Preventing injuries involves safe sharps passing, proper disposal in puncture-proof containers, vaccination, and awareness of risks through training. Thorough reporting and investigation of incidents aims to improve safety.
This document provides guidance on proper sharps handling and needlestick injury prevention. It defines sharps and needlestick injuries, identifies causes and risks. Guidelines are provided for safe sharps use, disposal and handling of occupational exposures, including immediate first aid, evaluation for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), and follow up testing. Case scenarios demonstrate appropriate vs inappropriate responses to needlestick injuries. Overall the document aims to educate on preventing needlestick injuries and properly managing incidents to reduce disease transmission risk among healthcare workers.
The document discusses the roles of scrub nurses and circulating nurses in the operating room. Scrub nurses work directly with the surgeon inside the sterile field, passing instruments and supplies. Circulating nurses work outside the sterile field, monitoring the procedure and ensuring conditions remain safe and sterile. Both roles require attention to detail and anticipating the needs of the surgical team to help operations run smoothly and prioritize patient safety.
This course covers infection control in hemodialysis settings. It discusses the risks of infection for dialysis patients and teaches standard precautions like hand hygiene and personal protective equipment. Specific recommendations are provided for hemodialysis healthcare workers, including promoting vascular access safety, separating clean and contaminated areas, and safely handling medications and dialyzers. The course also discusses infection control policies in dialysis facilities, such as vaccination, preventing hepatitis B spread, and managing infected patients. Finally, it addresses educating patients and caregivers to recognize infections.
This document provides guidelines for preventing transmission of bloodborne pathogens like HIV, HBV, and HCV in interventional radiology. It discusses that the risk of transmission depends on the likelihood of a needlestick or exposure, prevalence of infection, and likelihood of establishing infection after exposure. The type of exposure, amount of fluid or viral load impacts risk of infection. The risk of HIV transmission from a needlestick is 0.3-0.4%, HBV is up to 30%, and HCV is 2.7%. Recommendations include standard precautions like handwashing, protective clothing, safe handling of needles and sharps, closed systems, and specimen handling to prevent transmission in interventional radiology.
The document discusses barrier precautions and isolation practices. It covers standard precautions including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, safe handling of sharps, injection practices, and respiratory hygiene. It describes contact, droplet, and airborne transmission and the appropriate isolation protocols. Selection of proper PPE is emphasized based on anticipated exposure. Safe handling of specimens, blood spills, linen and waste is also outlined.
This document discusses infection control guidelines for dentistry. It states that dental professionals are at risk of exposure to diseases through contact with blood or other infectious materials. By carefully following infection control and safety guidelines from the CDC, ADA, and OSHA, the dental team can minimize risks of disease transmission to themselves and patients. The document outlines various infection control procedures including hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment, instrument sterilization, surface disinfection, and more.
We can can minimize the risks of disease transmission to our self and to the patients in the dental office through carefully following the infection control and safety guidelines,
Dr. Hesham Dameer
1) The document provides recommended safer work practices to prevent sharps injuries for healthcare workers who provide nursing care and perform procedures like venipuncture.
2) It emphasizes standard precautions like hand washing and treating all body fluids as infectious, as well as engineering controls like using safety devices and sharps containers.
3) Work practice recommendations include always using safety devices, not passing sharps between people, getting assistance for uncooperative patients, and proper disposal techniques.
The document outlines the duties and responsibilities of various nursing roles in an operating theatre (OT). It describes the nursing hierarchy headed by the Nursing Director. Nursing supervisors oversee the daily running of the theatre suite and delegate tasks to scrub nurses and circulatory nurses. Scrub nurses work within the sterile field, preparing equipment and passing instruments to surgeons during procedures. Circulatory nurses manage patient care, coordinate the surgical team's needs, and help maintain a safe environment in the OT. Both scrub and circulatory nurses are responsible for counts of sponges, instruments and ensuring sterility throughout operations.
The way to infection control in dental clinics
Introduction:
The unique nature of dental procedures, instrumentation and patient care settings require specific strategies directed to the prevention of transmission of diseases among dental health care workers and their patients.
Disease: impairment of normal functioning, manifested by signs and symptoms.
Infection: state produced by an infected agent in or on a suitable host, host may be or may not have signs or symptoms.
Carrier: individual harbors the agent but does not have symptoms (person can infect others).
Factors that allow or aid infection:
= The presence of pathogenic micro-organisms.
= There must be a portal of entry via which the organisms invade and colonize the susceptible host.
Medical history
A thorough medical history should be taken and up-dated at subsequent examinations. Medical history screening is essential in alerting the clinician to medical problems that could, in conjunction with dental treatment, adversely affect the patient.
Protective measures
Protection can be achieved by a combination of immunization procedures, use of barrier techniques and strict adherence to routine infection control procedures.
(a) Immunization:
All dental health care workers are advised to be immunized against HBV unless immunity from natural infection or previous immunization had been documented
(b) Protective coverings:
=Uniforms:
Uniforms should be changed regularly and whenever soiled. Gowns or aprons should be worn during procedures that are likely to cause spattering or splashing of blood.
=Hand protection:
Gloves must be worn for procedures involving contact with blood, saliva or mucous membrane. A new pair of gloves should be used for each patient.
If a gloves damaged, it must be replaced immediately. Hands should be washed thoroughly with a proprietary disinfectant liquid soap prior to and immediately after the use of gloves.
Disposable paper towels are recommended for drying of hands.
Any cuts o abrasions on the hands or wrists should be covered with adhesive waterproof dressings at all times.
=Protective glasses, masks or face shields Protective:
Glasses, masks or face shields should be worn by operators and close-support dental surgery assistants to protect the eyes against the spatter and aerosols which may occur during cavity preparation, scaling and the cleaning of instruments.
(c) Sharp instruments and needles:
Sharp instruments and needle should be handled with great care to prevent unintentional injury. Needles should never be recapped by using both hands indirect contact or by any other technique that involves moving the point of a used needle towards any part of the body. The needle can be recapped by laying the cap on the tray, placing the cap in a re-sheathing device or holding the cap with forceps before guiding the needle into the cap.
(d) First aid and inoculation injuries:
Needlestick injuries pose risks of transmitting diseases like HIV, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. They are common among healthcare workers, with estimates of 600,000 to 800,000 injuries per year. Risk factors include recapping needles, improper disposal, and equipment design. A comprehensive prevention program includes training, safe practices like avoiding recapping and using sharps containers, and improved equipment.
The document discusses aseptic technique, which aims to eliminate germs and reduce contamination. Aseptic technique involves strict practices like using sterile gloves and gowns, preparing the patient's skin, and maintaining a sterile environment. It is commonly used when handling surgical equipment, during childbirth, and for inserting medical devices. Following aseptic technique helps prevent the spread of pathogens and lowers the risk of healthcare-associated infections.
Infection Preventionip in fp services.pptxPHILIPADDO5
1. The document discusses infection prevention procedures for family planning clinics. It outlines universal precautions including washing hands, properly processing reusable instruments, wearing gloves, only performing pelvic exams when needed, using new syringes and needles for injections, cleaning surfaces, and properly disposing of waste.
2. Proper infection prevention is important to reduce healthcare-associated infections and protect both patients and healthcare workers.
3. Following infection prevention guidelines helps make healthcare facilities safer and reduces the spread of diseases.
Successful infection prevention program
A successful infection prevention program depends on:
1-Developing standard operating procedures.
2- Evaluating practices and providing feedback to dental health care personnel (DHCP).
3- Routinely documenting adverse outcomes (e.g., occupational exposures to blood) and work-related illnesses in DHCP.
4- Monitoring health care associated infections in patients.
Standard Precautions
Standard Precautions: are the minimum infection prevention practices that apply to all patient care, regardless of suspected or confirmed infection status of the patient, in any setting where health care is delivered. These practices are designed to both protect DHCP and prevent DHCP from spreading infections among patients.
Standard Precautions include:
1- Hand hygiene.
2- Use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, masks, eyewear).
3- Respiratory hygiene / cough etiquette.
4- Sharps safety.
5- Safe injection practices (i.e., aseptic technique for parenteral medications).
6- Sterile instruments and devices.
7- Clean and disinfected environmental surfaces.
Each element of Standard Precautions is described in the following sections. Education and training are critical elements of Standard Precautions, because they help DHCP make appropriate decisions and comply with recommended practices.
1- HAND HYGIENE:
1- Perform hand hygiene.
a. When hands are visibly soiled.
b. After bare hand touching of instruments, equipment, materials, and other objects likely to be contaminated by blood, saliva, or respiratory secretions.
C. Before and after treating each patient.
d. Before putting on gloves and again immediately after removing gloves.
2. Use soap and water when hands are visibly soiled (e.g., blood, body fluids); otherwise, an alcohol-based hand rub may be used.
2- PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE):
1- Provide sufficient and appropriate PPE and ensure it is accessible to DHCP.
2- Educate all DHCP on proper selection and use of PPE.
3- Wear gloves whenever there is potential for contact with blood, body fluids, mucous membranes, non-intact skin or contaminated equipment.
a- Do not wear the same pair of gloves for the care of more than one patient.
b- Do not wash gloves. Gloves cannot be reused.
c- Perform hand hygiene immediately after removing gloves.
4- Wear protective clothing that covers skin and personal clothing during procedures or activities where contact with blood, saliva, or OPIM (other potential infectious materials) is anticipated.
5- Wear mouth, nose, and eye protection during procedures that are likely to generate splashes or spattering of blood or other body fluids.
6- Remove PPE before leaving the work area.
3- RESPIRATORY HYGIENE / COUGH ETIQUETTE:
1- Implement measures to contain respiratory secretions in patients and accompanying individuals who have signs and symptoms of a respiratory infection, beginning at point of entry to the facility and conti
I hope that the content of my ppt will be very good for all of you in which ppt subject is "sterile & non- sterile trolley setup" in which we have describe how to use sterile & non-sterile trolley up in surgical procedures
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Does Over-Masturbation Contribute to Chronic Prostatitis.pptxwalterHu5
In some case, your chronic prostatitis may be related to over-masturbation. Generally, natural medicine Diuretic and Anti-inflammatory Pill can help mee get a cure.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
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- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
2. The Problem
CDC estimates ~385,000 sharps injuries annually
among hospital-based healthcare personnel
(>1,000 injuries/day)
Many more in other healthcare settings (e.g., emergency services,
home care, nursing homes)
Increased risk for bloodborne virus transmission
Costly to personnel and healthcare system
3. Risks of Seroconversion due to Sharps Injury
from a known positive source
Virus
HBV
HCV
HIV
Risk (Range)
6-30%*
~ 2%
0.3%
(*Risk for HBV applies if not HB vaccinated)
4. What is the Risk for HIV Alone?
Percutaneous 0.3%
Mucous membrane 0.1%
Non-intact skin
<0.1%
5. Costs of Sharps Injuries
Baseline and follow-up laboratory testing
Treatment of exposed personnel
$71-~$5,000 depending on treatment provided
Lost productivity
Time to complete paperwork
Loss of income / loss of career
Emotional costs
Societal costs
O’Malley, et. al. Costs of Management of Occupational Exposure to Blood and Body Fluids.
ICHE, July 2007, v 28, No. 7.
8. When Do Sharps Injuries Occur?
During use 41%
After use/before disposal 40%
During and after disposal 15%
Other 4%
Source: NaSH, June 1995—December 2003
9. What Devices are Involved in Sharps Injuries?
Six Devices Account for 78% of All Injuries
Disposable Syringes 30%
Suture Needles 20%
Winged-Steel Needles 12%
Intravenous Catheter Stylets 5%
Phlebotomy Needles 3%
Scalpels 8%
Source: NaSH, June 1995—December 2003
10. How Do Injuries Occur With Hollow-Bore Needles?
During Sharps
Disposal
13%
During Clean Up
9%
In Transit to
Disposal
4%
Handle/Pass
Equipment
6%
Improper
Disposal
9%
Access IV Line
5%
Transfer/Process
Specimens
5%
Recap Needle
6%
Collision
W/Worker or
Sharp
10%
Manipulate
Needle in Patient
28%
Other
5%
Circumstances Associated with Hollow-Bore Needle
Injuries NaSH June 1995—December 2003
(n=10,239)
Disposal
Related:
35%
11. Sharps Injuries Are Preventable
Preventable
64%Nonpreventabl
e
18%
Undetermined
18%
Preventability of Needlesticks in 78 NaSH Hospitals,
June 1995--December 2004 (n=11,625)
13. How Can Needle Use Be Eliminated or Reduced?
Use needle-free IV delivery systems
Use alternate routes for medication delivery
and specimen collection when available and
safe for patient care
Streamline specimen collection systems
14. Needle-Free IV Delivery Systems
IV delivery systems
use valved ports and
connectors, pre-
pierced septa using
blunt cannulas, or
recessed protected
needle connectors
18. Injuries Related to Work Practices
Injuries occur because of the following:
Passing or transferring equipment
Recapping contaminated needles
Colliding with coworkers
Decontaminating/processing used equipment
19. Injuries occur from sharps left in
unusual places:
Laundry
Mattresses
Tables, trays, or other surfaces
20. The Sharps Safety Continuum
Prepare to use the device the moment the sharps
are first exposed
Take precautions while using sharps
Take precautions during cleanup
Take precautions during disposal
28. If using a fixed
sharps container it
should not be
fitted higher than
1.4 meter
29. Before the beginning of a procedure
that involves the use of a needle or
other sharp device:
Identify the location of the
sharps disposal container;
if moveable, place it as
near the point-of-use as
appropriate for immediate
disposal of the sharp.
If the sharp is reusable,
determine in advance
where it will be placed for
safe handling after use.
30. Before the beginning of a procedure that
involves the use of a needle or other sharp
device:
If multiple sharps will
be used during a
procedure, organize
the work area (e.g.
procedure tray) so
that the sharp is
always pointed away
from the operator.
31. During a Procedure That Involves the
Use of Needles or Other Sharp
Devices:
Maintain visual
contact with the
procedure site and
location of the sharp
device.
32. During a Procedure That Involves the
Use of Needles or Other Sharp
Devices:
When handling an
exposed sharp, be
aware of other staff in
the immediate
environment and take
steps to control the
location of the sharp
to avoid injury to
oneself and other
staff.
33. During a Procedure That Involves the Use of Needles or
Other Sharp Devices:
34.
35. During a Procedure That Involves the Use
of Needles or Other Sharp Devices:
If the procedure necessitates reusing a needle
multiple times on the same patient (e.g., giving
local anesthesia), recap the needle between
steps using a one-handed technique or a fixed
device that enables one-handed recapping.
40. Activate the safety feature as the procedure is being completed,
observing for audio or visual cues that the feature is locked in
place.
Safety
syringes
46. Use a mechanical device to
remove sharps from overfilled
box
If a sharps container
is overfilled, obtain a
new container and
use forceps or tongs
to remove protruding
devices and place
them in the new
container.
48. Improperly Disposed
Sharps:
If an improperly
disposed sharp is
encountered in the
work environment,
handle the device
carefully, keeping the
hands behind the
sharp at all times.
56. FLOW SHEET FOR NEEDLE
STICK/SHARPS INJURY
NEEDLE STICK/SHARPS INJURY
WASH THE INJURY UNDER RUNNING WATER
(DO NOT SUCK/SQUEEZE FROM THE INJURED
SITE)
COVER INJURY WITH AN IMPERMEABLE
DRESSING
NOTIFY SUPERVISOR
IF INJURY IS SERIOUS GO TO ER FOR
APPROPRIATE TREATMENT
57. FLOW SHEET
NEEDLESTICK/SHARPS INJURY
COMPLETE AN OVA FORM (INCLUDE
PATIENT/SOURCE MEDICAL NO.)
GO TO EHS WORKING HOURS/AFTER
WORKINH HOURS GO TO ER)
GO TO GP LAB FOR BLOOD WORKS
IF POSSIBLE DO BLOOD WORKS FROM SOURCE
PATIENT AFTER CONSENT FROM TREATING
PATIENT
GO BACK TO EHS AT THE SPECIFIED FOLLOW-
UP DATES GIVEN TO YOU FOR BLOOD WORKS
During this presentation we will talk about needlesticks and injuries with other sharps. We’ll first discuss why these injuries are a problem, how these injuries occur, and most importantly, how these injuries can be prevented.
CDC estimates that approximately 385,000 injuries with contaminated needles and other sharps devices occur annually among hospital-based healthcare personnel. That’s over 1,000 injuries a day! Many more occur in other healthcare settings, such as emergency services, home care, and nursing homes. Injuries with contaminated needles and other sharp devices are an important concern because they pose the risk of transmission of bloodborne viruses, and they are costly to personnel and to the healthcare system.
The three bloodborne viruses of primary concern for transmission from sharps injuries are hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses, and human immunodeficiency virus (or HIV), the virus that is associated with AIDS. The average risk of transmission after an occupational percutaneous exposure varies by the type of bloodborne virus. As you can see, one is at a higher risk for being infected with HBV following a sharps injury than for HCV or HIV. Fortunately, for hepatitis B virus, a vaccine and immune globulin are available that can protect healthcare personnel from becoming infected. This is why this vaccine is heavily promoted for healthcare personnel. The average risk for HCV transmission after a percutaneous exposure to HCV-infected blood is approximately 1 in 50 exposures. The average risk for HIV infection after a percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood is about 1 in 300 exposures.
For all bloodborne viruses, the percutaneous route of exposure (for example, a needlestick injury) carries the greatest risk for transmission of infection. The average risk for HIV transmission after a mucous membrane exposure (for example, blood splashed in the eye) is estimated to be 0.09%, or about 1 in 1,000. Although episodes of HIV transmission after skin exposures have been documented, the average risk for transmission has not been precisely quantified but is estimated to be less than the risk for mucous membrane exposures.
Although occupational transmission of HIV or hepatitis is relatively rare, the risks and costs associated with blood exposure are high. Some of the direct costs of sharps injuries are those associated with the initial and follow-up laboratory testing and treatment of exposed healthcare personnel. These are estimated to range between $71 to approximately $5,000, per person depending on the treatment provided. Costs that are harder to quantify include direct and indirect costs associated with potential side effects of antiretroviral therapies and lost time from work, time lost to completion of paperwork and follow-up (including obtaining informed consent for source patient testing), the emotional cost associated with fear and anxiety from worrying about the possible consequence of an exposure, and the societal cost associated with HIV or HCV seroconversion. By societal cost, I’m referring to possible loss of a worker's services in patient care, the economic burden of medical care, any worker’s compensation claims due to injury and exposure, and the cost of any associated litigation. [Note to presenter: Use local cost information if available.]
Because of the high burden of sharps injuries, our goal is to prevent – and ideally eliminate – sharps injuries.
Data from NaSH show that nurses sustain the highest percentage of percutaneous injuries. However other patient-care providers (such as physicians and specialized technicians), laboratory staff and support personnel (such as housekeeping and maintenance staff) are also at risk. [ NOTE to presenter: Depending on audience, the collective data can be used to elicit discussion on issues that contribute to this distribution: devices, training, staffing, disposal problems, etc. Ask audience members how they think injuries to housekeeping and maintenance staff occur. If the targeted group is primarily laboratory staff, you may want to include other bloodborne pathogens important to lab workers (See Workbook , Overview—Risks and Prevention of Sharps Injuries in Healthcare Personnel, Table 1).]
Injuries with needles and other sharp devices can happen at any time during use. NaSH data show that the majority of injuries occur during or immediately after use; 15% occur during or after disposal. During use injuries often occur when the device is being inserted or withdrawn and/or the patient moves. After use injuries occur during cleanup or in transit to another location. Injuries during disposal often involve Placing used sharps into the container or Disposing of a sharps devise inappropriately; that is, when a device is placed in the trash or left at the bedside or other location. In the next few moments, we will look in greater detail at how these injuries occur.
Think about all the needles and other sharp devices that are used to provide healthcare. While many different devices that can cause sharps injuries, six types account for nearly 80% of injuries in NaSH hospitals. Hollow-bore needles alone account for 56% of all sharps injuries. Hollow-bore needle injuries, especially from devices used for blood collection or for IV catheter insertion, are of particular concern, since they are likely to contain residual blood and are associated with an increased risk for bloodborne virus transmission. Of the 57 documented cases of occupational HIV transmission to healthcare personnel reported to CDC from June 1995 to December 2002, 50 (88%) involve percutaneous exposure . Of these, 45 (90%) were caused by hollow-bore needles and half of these needles were used in a vein or an artery. Although two scalpel injuries (both in an autopsy setting) caused HIV seroconversions, solid sharps such as suture needles or scalpels, generally deliver a smaller blood inoculum, especially if they first penetrate gloves or another barrier. Therefore these devices theoretically pose a lower risk for HIV transmission. Similar descriptive data are not available for type of devices or exposures involved in transmission of HBV or HCV.
You may also know that there are many possible mechanisms for injuries. In NaSH hospitals, 26% of hollow-bore needle injuries occur while the needle is being inserted, manipulated or withdrawn from the patient, and the patient moves or jars the device. Some needle injuries occur when accessing intravenous lines, such as giving an IV flush. With needle-free IV systems now available, these injuries should not be occurring. The same applies to recapping injuries. Why do you think people recap needles when it is so dangerous? [NOTE to presenter: Encourage discussion of this subject if time permits] You can see that many injuries in NaSH hospitals occur after use on the patient, such as during clean up, in transit to disposal, and during disposal. An additional 9% of injuries are due to improper disposal or result from leaving a sharp device on a table, stuck in a mattress, on the floor, or some other location. Another 10% of injuries occur when healthcare personnel collide with each other during a procedure. [NOTE to presenter: Encourage discussion of the different injury mechanisms, including some not mentioned here.]
Data from the NaSH system show that most sharps injuries from hollow-bore needles are preventable. A majority (64%) of all hollow-bore needle-related injuries can be prevented by using needles only when necessary, using devices with engineered safety features, properly using the safety features on these devices, following proper work practices (such as not recapping used needles), and properly disposing of needles after use.
As stated earlier, the first strategy in the hierarchy of sharps injury prevention is to reduce, if not eliminate, the unnecessary use of needles or other sharps objects when appropriate.
There are several ways that needle use can be eliminated or reduced. One way is the implementation of needle-free IV delivery systems that do not require, and in some instances, do not permit needle access. The majority (approximately 85%) of US hospitals have eliminated unnecessary use of needles through implementation of these devices. This strategy has largely removed needles attached to IV tubing, such as those for intermittent (piggy-back) infusion and other needles used to connect and access the part of the IV delivery system. Such systems have demonstrated considerable success in reducing IV-related sharps injures.
Here are two examples of needle-free IV delivery systems. As you can see all connections are made without the use of needles. Some systems use blunt cannulae (lower right) that enter the system through pre-pierced ports. Still other systems have recessed needles for system connections. [Note to Presenter: Discuss the safer IV delivery system that is used in your facility. When available, include a picture or have samples of the system on display.]
Some needle-free systems have been associated with bloodstream infections in patients. Therefore it is important to understand the infection control measures that should be adhered to, particularly the need for aseptic technique, when handling these systems.
The needs of patient care suggest that it will never be possible to eliminate the use of all needles and other sharps devices. Therefore, devices with engineered, or built-in sharps injury protection features aim to reduce the hazard to healthcare personnel.
This slide displays a variety of safer sharps devices engineered to prevent sharps injuries. On the left you see a variety of devices with the needle exposed in the before-use position. On the right you see that sharps are protected after use. The safety features include hinged caps [Note to presenter: point to devices #2 and # 7 from the top] , sliding sheaths [Note to presenter: point to devices #3, 4, and 6 from the top] , and retracting needles [Note to presenter: point to devices #1, 5, and 8 from the top] . Another type of safety feature, not shown here, is a bluntable phlebotomy or butterfly type needle. Additional strategies for needle protection are likely to evolve. [Note to Presenter: Identify whether any of these devices are currently in use or being evaluated by your facility. If other products are available, provide samples of them. Alternatively, create a slide with pictures of the devices used in your facility.] [ Disclaimer: The devices pictured in this slide are meant to serve as examples of devices that are currently available. This is not an exhaustive list, nor is it meant to favor one device over another. CDC and OSHA do not approve, endorse, register, or certify any medical devices.]
Many injuries related to work practices occur while sharps are being passed between different individuals, or transferred to a different location. Additionally, even though the practice of recapping contaminated needles has been discouraged for more than 20 years, approximately 5% of sharps injuries continue to occur due to recapping. Still other injuries related to work practices occur during collisions between workers and during decontamination or processing of used equipment. Personnel also continue to be injured by the improper disposal of used sharps. These injuries occur when sharps are left in unusual locations such as laundry or linens or are stuck in mattresses, left in pockets, or left on tables, trays, or other surfaces.
This slide summarizes the steps along the sharps safety continuum that will be reviewed in detail. Work practices to prevent sharps injuries are typically present as a list of specific practices to avoid (for example, recapping used needles) or to use (such as, sharps disposal containers). Data show that the risk of a sharps injury begins at the moment sharps are first exposed and ends once sharps are permanently removed from exposure in the work environment. Therefore, to promote safe work practices, healthcare personnel need to have an awareness of the risk of injury throughout the time sharps are exposed. They should also use a combination of strategies to protect themselves and their coworkers through the handling of the device. We will now review recommended practices that reflect this concept.
The recommended work practices that help ensure safety can be simplified into three quick points: Be prepared. Be aware. Dispose with care.
Before beginning a procedure that involves the use of a needle or other sharps device you should: ● Ensure that equipment necessary for performing a procedure is available within arm’s reach, and organize the equipment so that the procedure can be done safely. ● Assess the work environment before starting and make sure that you have adequate lighting and work space for the procedure. In cases where low light is needed for the procedure, take steps such as verbal cuing and the use of neutral zones to minimize the risk of injury from passing sharps. ● Ensure that the sharp object being used is always pointed away from the user.