A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Its modern manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.

1. WORKING OF STEAM TURBINE AND
ITS AUXILIARIES

2. JYOTHISHMATHI INSTITUTE OF
TECHNOLOGYAND SCIENCE
PRESENTED BY
G.SAI RAMANA (17275A0319)
V.GANESH (16271A0309)
S.MOUNIKA (17275A0302)
K.RAVI VARDHAN (16271A0321)
K.SHARAN (16271A0327)

3. CONTENTS
1.About Ntpc Ramagundam Rstps
2.Priniciple And Operation Of A Thermal Power Plant
3. Introduction To Steam Turbine & Steam Turbine Parts
4.Specifications of Steam Turbine
5.Turbine Auxiliaries
6. Lubrication Oil System
Conclusion

4. ABOUT NTPC RAMAGUNDAM – RSTPS
NTPC Ramagundam, a part of National Thermal Power Corporation, is a
2600 MW Power station

5. NTPC Ltd., Ramagundam has two TG Halls one for STAGE - I and the
other common for STAGE-II and STAGE-III.
Unit-wise power generation:
The whole plant is divided into 3 stages, each stage being planned at
one time.
STAGE 1 (3 * 200MW):
This stage consists of three units (Unit-1, Unit-2, Unit-3) each with a
generation capacity of 200MW
STAGE 2 (3 * 500MW):
This stage again consists of three units (Unit-4, Unit-5, Unit-6) each with
a generation capacity of 500MW.
STAGE 3 (1 * 500MW):
This stage comprises only one unit (Unit - 7). This is a first of its kind in
South India being a computer operated unit.

6. Principle and Operation of a Thermal
Power Plant
Principle:
Any Steam Power Plant operates under the Simple Ranki ne Cycle.
Hence the Rankine cycle is often termed as Basic Power Plant Cycle.

7. Block diagram of plant operating cycle

8. Mechanical Maintenance:
This dept. has the following sections
Boiler Maintenance:
Boiler feeders
Primary and secondary air pumps
Boiler feed pumps
Boiler core parts
Turbine Maintenance:
Turbine core parts
Turbine governing system

9. Introduction To Steam Turbine &
Steam Turbine Parts
A steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion. Its modern
manifestation was invented by Sir Charles Parsons in 1884.

10. Classifications of steam turbines
1.Impulse Turbine
2.Reaction Turbine

11. HP TURBINE, BARREL TYPE CASING:
1.The outer casing of the HP turbine is of the barrel type and has
neither an axial nor a radial flange.
2.This prevents mass accumulation with high thermal stresses. The
almost perfect rotational symmetry permits moderate wall thickness of
nearly equal strength at all sections.
3.The guide blade carrier is axially split and kinematically supported. As
only slight pressure differences are effective, the horizontal flange and
connection bolts can be kept small.
4.The barrel type casing permits flexibility of operation in the form of
short startup times and a high rate of change of load even at high initial
steam conditions.

12. SECTIONAL VIEW OF HP TURBINE

13. IP TURBINE:
1.The IP turbine part is double flow construction. Attached in
the axially split casing is an inner casing supported
kinematically and taking the guide blades.
2.The reheated steam is admitted to the inner casing through
the top and bottom center of the casing.
3.The arrangement of an inner casing confines the high steam
inlet conditions to the admission branch of the casing, while
the joint of the outer casing is only subjected to the lower
pressure and lower temperature at theexhaust of the inner
casing.

14. IP TURBINE

15. LP TURBINE:
1.The casing of the double flow IP cylinder is of three shell
design. The shells are axially split and have rigid welded
construction.
2.The inner shell taking the first rows of the guide blades is
attached kinematically in the middle shelf.
3. Independent of the outer shell, the middle shell issupported
at four points on longitudinal beams. Two rings carrying them
last guide blade rows are also attached to the middle shelf.

16. LP TURBINE WITH SHAFT

18. Turbine Auxiliaries
TURBINE GOVERNING SYSTEM
Power station turbines are constant speed machines and they are rotated
at a speed of 3000rpm to enable the coupled generator to produce
electricity at 50 Hz frequency.
The main purpose of the governor is to maintain the desired speed of
turbine during fluctuation of load on generator by varying steam input
into the turbine as required.
TYPES OF GOVERNING SYSTEMS:
1. Throttle Governing.
2. Nozzle Governing.
3. Bypass Governing.

19. Throttle Governing Nozzle Governing

20. Bypass Governing

21. VACUUM SYSTEM:
As we begin the recirculating processes, the first system, which comes
into focus, is the vacuum system. The equipments under this system, as
described in this chapter, strive to maximize the work done of turbine by
maintaining the rated vacuum limits.
Condenser

22. CONDENSATE SYSTEM
The steam after condensing in the condensing in the condenser known as
condensate, is extracted out of the condenser hot well by condensate
pump and taken to the deaerator through ejectors, gland steam cooler
and series of LP heaters
Condensate Pumps:
The function of these pumps is to pump out the condensate to the
deaerator through’ injector, gland steam cooler and LP heaters. These
pumps have four stages and since the suction is at a negative pressure,
special arrangements have been made for providing sealing.

23. Gland Steam Cooler:
Steam from deaerator or from Auxillary steam header is
supplied to the end seals of the HP rotor and LP rotor
generally at a pressure of 0.01 to 1.03 ata. So as to prevent
ingress of atmosphere air into the turbine thru’ the end
clearances. This steam supplied to the end seals is
extracted by the gland steam cooler by the auction of
single stage steam ejector.

24. FEED WATER SYSTEM
This system plays an important role in the supply of feed water to the
boiler at requisite pressure and steam water ratio. This chapter describes
the various auxiliaries under this system starting from Boiler Feed Pump
to Feed regulating station via HP heaters.
Boiler Feed Pump:
This pump is horizontal and of barrel design driven by an Electric motor
through a hydraulic coupling. All the bearings of pump and motor are
forced lubricated by a suitable oil lubricating system with adequate
protection to trip the pump if the lubrication oil pressure fails below a
preset valve.

25. Turbine Driven Boiler Feed Pump:
The single cylinder turbine is of the axial flow type.The live steam flows
through emergency stop valve and then through the main control
valves.The valves regulate the steam supply through the turbine.There
are 14 stages of reaction blading.The turbine is provided with the electro
hydraulic governing system.The steam exhausted from the BFP turbine is
directly connected to the main condenser and the turbine glands are
gland steam.There are 2 TDBFP’s for each 500MW unit at ramagundam
of capacity 1080.3m3/hr at 204.32 bar.

26. High Pressure Heaters:
These are regenerative feed water heaters operating at high pressure and
located by the side of turbine. These are generally vertical type and
turbine bled steam pipes are connected to them.
HP heaters are connected in series on feed water side and by such
arrangement, the fed water, after feed pump enters the HP Heaters. The
steam is supplied to these heaters from the bled point of the turbine
through motor operated valves. These heaters have a group bypass
protection on the feed water side. In the event of tube rupture in any of
the HPH and the level of the condensate rising to dangerous level, the
group protection device diverts automatically the feed water directly to
boiler, thus bypassing all the 3 HP heaters.

27. COOLING WATER SYSTEM:
Equipment cooling water (ECW) system: This water is used to cool the heated
lubricating oil coming from the lube oil coolers of boiler and turbine side. This is
demineralised water and is supplied through ECW pumps.
Auxiliary cooling water (ACW) system: This is raw water, taken a taping from CW
pumps discharge side, pressurized and circulated in a Plate Heat Exchanger to cool
the heated ECW water.
COOLING TOWERS (CTs):
A closed circuit cooling system is used for heat rejection that consists of cooling
pond and two cooling towers, ponds and towers are connected in a parallel
arrangement to study the behavior of the cooling system.
The cooling tower models based on the analogy approach of a cooling tower and an
heat exchanger. An effectiveness-NTU method is employed to predict the cooling
tower performance with respect to ambient and load conditions.

28. LUBRICATION OIL SYSTEM
Introduction: same oil is used for governing & lubrication. The oil is kept in the main
oil tank. The governing is designed for operation at the oil pressure of 14kg/cmsq while
lubrication of bearings is designed to work at 2kg/cmsq.The following equipment is
available in the lubricating system.
1. Auxiliary oil pump
2. A.C lube oil pump
3. D.C emergency oil pump
4. main oil pump
5. booster pump
6. oil tank
7. oil coolers
8. vent fans

29. Turbine Lube Oil System

30. Conclusion
The working of Steam Turbine 500MW was studied, the
process of Conversion of Kinetic head of Steam into
Mechanical Energy was observed. The Auxiliaries of
Steam Turbine and their importance in power generation
were studied and observed the various components involved
in the working of Steam Turbine.