Minerals are solid, natural substances formed from non-living materials and consist of one or more elements. Minerals have properties like streak, hardness, and luster that can help identify them. Rocks are groups of minerals and are classified based on how they are formed - sedimentary rocks form from compressed layers, igneous rocks form from cooled lava, and metamorphic rocks form from changes to existing rocks by heat and pressure.

1. What are the properties
minerals and rocks?

2. Minerals
Solid, natural material formed from
non-living things in .
Gold
Diamond
Graphite

3. Minerals are made of:
1 Element (a substance that cannot be
broken down into simpler substances)
or more
Example of elements:
Oxygen
Gold
Iron

4. Minerals can be found:
In nature
Ex. Iron can be found in a rock called ore.

5. But:
Steel is combination of iron and
carbon (made by people)
So, it is not a mineral

6. Properties of minerals
1) Streak 2) hardness 3) Luster

7. 1) Streak
Color of the powder left behind when a mineral
is rubbed against a rough surface

8. 2) Hardness
(Mohs scale)
Copper
Talc Quartz Diamond

10. 3) Luster
(The way the mineral reflects light from its
surface)
Luster can be 2 types.
Metallic luster
(Shiny)
Non-Metallic luster
(Dull)

11. Metallic luster
(Shiny)

12. Non-Metallic luster

13. Breaks in minerals can also help identify
Fracture
When the mineral
has rough surface
them
Cleavage
When the mineral
has smooth surface

14. Rocks are put into
groups according
to how they are
formed (made)

15. Types of rocks
1)
Sedimentary
rocks
2)
Igneous rocks
3)
Metamorphic
rocks

16. 1 Sedimentary rocks
- Formed when materials settle into layers.
Example:
Sandstone Limestone

17. Wind and water break the
rocks into small pieces.
Wind and water carries bits of
rock and soil away.
Bits of rock and soil settle into
layers.
After a long time, layers
harden into rocks.

18. 2 Igneous rocks
- Formed when rocks melt and then cool.
1) Sedimentary rocks are
pushed under the earth
crust where heat and
pressure turns them to
magma.
2) Magma comes out of a
volcano and cools to form
Igneous rocks.

19. If
Igneous rocks cool
down quickly
Look like glass
Example:
Obsidian
Igneous rocks
cools down slowly
Has large grains
Example:
Granite