Rock and the Rock cycle and its major types. Explanation of types of rocks.

1. ROCKS AND THE
ROCK CYCLE
Department of Civil Engineering
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2. Contents
 Rock Cycle
 Types Of Rocks
 Igneous Rock
 Sedimentary Rock
 Metamorphic Rock
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3. Rock Cycle
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4. Rock Cycle
 Geologic forces cause rock to constantly change from one type to
another
 Complete the rock cycle diagram by adding the appropriate
processes that connect each rock type to the others .
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5. Rock Types 5

6. Major Types Of Rocks
 Igneous Rocks
 Sedimentary Rocks
 Metamorphic Rocks
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7. Igneous Rocks
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8. Igneous Rock
 Latin word “ignis” means
“fire”
 Igneous rock is formed from
molten rock that hardened into
a solid state
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9. Types Of Igneous Rock
 Intrusive Igneous Rock
 Extrusive Igneous Rock
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10. Intrusive Igneous Rock
 Igneous rocks that form below
the Earth surface
 Magma cools slowly over
millions of years deep beneath
the Earth surface.
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11. Extrusive Igneous Rock
 Igneous rock that has formed
on the Earth surface
 It forms when lava cools
quickly on the Earth’s surface.
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12. Characteristic Of Igneous Rocks
Composition:
 It is the mineral content
 It often shown as color of rock
Texure:
 Size and arrangement of
mineral crystals
 Igneous crystals often
interlocking
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13. Examples
 Andesite
 Basalt
 Obsidian
 Diorite
 Granite
 Gabbro
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14. Sedimentary Rocks
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15. Sedimentary Rock
 Latin word “Sedimentum”
which means “settling”
 Sedimentary rocks are products
of mechanical and chemical
weathering.
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16. Classification Of Sedimentary Rock
 Clastic
• Discrete fragments and particles
• All detrital rocks have a dastic texure
 Non-Clastic
• Pattern of interlocking crystals
• May resemble an igneous rock
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17. Clastic
Conglomerate Red Sand Stone Shale
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18. Non-Clastic
Lime Stone Halite Chert
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19. Examples
 Shale
 Breccia
 Dolomite
 Sandstone
 Limestone
 Conglomerate
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20. Metamorphic Rocks
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21. Metamorphic Rocks
 Greek word “Metamorphic”
which means “to change form”
 Metamorphic rocks are formed
of heat and pressure
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22. Formation Of Metamorphic Rock
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23. Types Of Metamorphic Rock
Contact Metamorphism:
 Formed when magma pushes throw
existing rock
 Changes the structure and mineral
composition of surrounding rock
Regional Metamorphism:
 Metamorphism sometimes occurs
with tectonic plate movement
 Tremendous heat and pressure is
created at plates edge
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24. Examples
 Slate
 Marble
 Gneiss
 Schist
 Quartzite
 Amphibolite
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