IN THIS PPT U WILL LEARN ABOUT THE FOLLOWING SUB-TOPICS OF MANGANESE:- -Uses -Distribution -Eco Significance -Reserves in India -Agencies exploring it -Problems related to its exploitation -Marketing and Production strategy -Export and Import

3. Contents:Contents:
1. MANGANESE.
 Uses
 Distribution
 Eco Significance
 Reserves in India
 Agencies exploring it
 Problems related to its exploitation
 Marketing and Production strategy
 Export and Import

4. •Manganese is a chemical element with
symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
• It is not found as a free element in nature; it
is often found in combination with iron, and in
many minerals.
• Manganese is a metal with important
industrial metal alloy uses, particularly in
stainless steels.

6. Uses of Manganese
Manganese is used most commonly in steel
production to help improve strength,
durability, and toughness.
It can be used in medicine to help support
the immune system, regulate your blood
sugar, and maintain bone regulation and
reproduction.
It is also used in gasoline to reduce engine
knock, and is used in alkaline batteries.

8. Manganese is an important mineral, which is used for
making iron and steel and it acts as basic raw material for
manufacturing its alloy.
Nearly 10 kilograms of manganese is required for
manufacturing one tone of steel.
It is also used for the manufacture of bleaching powder,
insecticides, paints, batteries and china-clay .
According to Geological Survey of India, our total
manganese reserves are estimated at 16.7 crores tones.
India has the second largest manganese ore reserves in the
world after Zimbabwe.
About one-fifth of the world’s manganese ores are found in

10. oManganese has a great economic significance as its
mainly used in the manufacturing of steel and Ferro
magnesia alloy.
oIts also used in manufacturing of bleaching powder,
insecticides and paints.
oBut, the most important use is to provide hardness to
steel.
oAlso today Ferro magnesia alloy are very common.
oMagnesia is also available at cheap rates to people
and hence is most widely used metal in rural areas.
oThis shows that manganese has a great economic
significance.

12. About three-fourths of Manganese
reserves in India are distributed in
Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh.
The remaining Manganese is
distributed in Rajasthan, Goa,
Andhra Pradesh, Orissa,
Karnataka, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and
Jharkhand.

14. Manganese Ore (India) Limited
(MOIL)
Kalinga Mining Corporation
Limited.
Ferro Alloys Corporation
Limited

16. Manganese compounds exist naturally in
the environment as solids in the soils and
small particles in the water. Manganese
particles in air are present in dust
particles. These usually settle to earth
within a few days.
Humans enhance manganese
concentrations in the air by industrial
activities and through burning fossil fuels.
Manganese that derives from human
sources can also enter surface water,
groundwater and sewage water. Through

17. For some animals the lethal dose is quite
low, which means they have little chance to
survive even smaller doses of manganese
when these exceed the essential dose.
Manganese substances can cause lung, liver
and vascular disturbances, declines in blood
pressure, failure in development of animal
foetuses and brain damage.
In plants manganese ions are transported to
the leaves after uptake from soils. When too
little manganese can be absorbed from the
soil this causes disturbances in plant
mechanisms. For instance disturbance of the
division of water to hydrogen and oxygen, in

18. Year 1950
-
51
1960-
61
1970
-
71
198
0-
81
1990
-
91
199
6-
97
199
7-
98
199
8-
99
199
9-
00
2000
-
01
200
1-
02
200
2-
03
Producti
on in
lakh
tonnes
13.9814.05 18.41 15.3
2
13.8818.7
1
16.4
2
15.3
8
15.8
6
1519
5
15.8
7
16.6
2
Value in
Rs. crore
10.6 8.0 8.4 25.0 57.7 176.
0
177.
7
173.
8
193.
1
197.7213.
2
245.
5
Table 25.4 Production of Manganese Ore in India:
More than 99 per cent of India’s manganese ore is produced by Orissa, Maharashtra,
Madhya Pradesh
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Orissa and Maharashtra produce more than half of
India s manganese ore. (see Table 25.5)

19.  India is the 2nd most important consumer of Manganese
ore in the world, behind China. Since China has reduced
its buying significantly, having ample material stocked in
its ports, India has gained greater importance in the
Manganese ore global trade and is seen as buyer with
increased potential of consumption.
 India’s dependence on Manganese Ore imports has
increased as the Manganese Ore produced in India (apart
from MOIL) is of low grade and high Iron content, and
these are not suitable to produce the best quality of
Manganese alloys. These inferior quality of Manganese
Ores have to be blended with better variety imported ores

20. India annually exports about 15 per cent of its
total production of manganese ore. However,
there has been gradual decline in the quantity
of export since 1971 on ward. In 1960-61
India exported 11.661 lakh tones of
manganese ore valued at Rs. 221 million.
This reached the record high of 16.36 lakh
tones valued at Rs. 140 million but fell down
to 2.65 lakh tones and valued at Rs. 595
million in9 2000-01.

21. PRESENTED
BY:-
JIGYASHA
KUMARI