Mineral Resources of India, Environmental science, ecology

1. MINERAL RESOURCES of india
A.N. College , Patna
P.G. Department of Environmental Sciences
Roll no. :- 2320140010004
AYUSH ANAND
Submitted By :-
Submitted To :-
DigvijaySir

2. MINERAL RESOURCESofindia
TABLE OF CONTENT
• Introduction
• Classification of minerals
• Uses and exploitation
• Environmental impacts of mineral
extraction

3. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
• Minerals are valuable natural resources.
• The constitutes the vital raw material for many basic industries and are
major resources for development.
• Oxygen is the major element found in the Earth crust.
• International Mineralogical Association (IMA) has approved around 5,389
minerals.
• Total no. of Mines in India- 1531
• The basic source of all minerals is hot Magma which is found in the interior
of the earth.
• Minerals can be extracted by mining, drilling or quarrying.

4. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
Non-metallic
minerals.
Organic (fule) e.g.
Coal, Petroleum
Inorganic
e.g. Mica, Graphite,
Lime stone
Metallic
minerals
Ferrous e.g. Iron,
Manganese, Nickel
Non-ferrous e.g.
Couper, Bauxite
Atomic
e.g. Uranium, Thorium
Types of Minerals

5. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
North Eastern Belt
• 3 states Jharkhand, Odisha and West Bengal.
• The richest mineral belt in India and also known
as iron and steel belt of India
• Coal, iron, manganese, limestone, bauxite, copper, chromite,
dolomite, China clay etc.
Central Belt
• Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra
and Telangana.
• Bauxite, Manganese. Limestone, Marble, Mica, James Graphite
etc

6. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
Southern Belt
• Andhra Pradesh and Tamilnadu.
• It lacks coal deposits except Lignite is found at Neyveli in
Tamil Nadu.
South Western Belt
• Goa, Karnataka and Kerala.
• Iron ore, Copper, Bauxite, Manganese, Granite and Clay
North Western Belt
• Aravali Range in Rajasthan and over the parts of Gujarat.
• Non-ferrous metals like Copper, Lead, Zinc, Mica, Manganese
etc.
• Rajasthan has huge deposit of building stones: Sandstone,
Granite and Marble.

7. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
i. Agriculture. as fertilizers, seed dressings and fungicides ( e.g.
Zineb containing zinc, Maneb-containing Manganese etc.).
ii. Jewellery e.g. Gold, Silver, Platinum, Diamond.
iii. Development of industrial plants and machinery.
iv. Generation of energy (example coal, lignite, Uranium).
v. Construction, housing settlements
vi. Defense equipments- weapons armaments.
vii. Formation of alloys for various purposes (e.g. phosphorite).
viii. Communication telephone wire and cables electronic device

8. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
• The issue related to the limit of mineral resource in our earth crust or
in Ocean is not so sufficient more important environmental concerned
arise from the impacts of in extraction and processing of these
minerals during mining smelting etc.
• Mining is done to extract minerals (or facial fuels) from deep deposits
in in soil by using sub-surface Mining or from shallow deposits by
surface mining.
• The former method is more destructive, dangerous and expensive
including risk of occupational hazards and accidents.

9. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
• De-vegetation and defacing of landscape: The topsoil as well as the
vegetation are removed from the mining area to get access to the
deposit. While large scale deforestation or de-vegetation leads to
several ecological losses. The landscape also gets badly affected. The
huge quantities of debris and tailings along with big scars and
disruptions spoil the aesthetic value of the region and make it prone
to soil erosion.
• Subsidence of land: This is mainly associated with underground
mining. Subsidence of mining areas often results in tilting of buildings,
cracks in houses, buckling of roads, bending of rail tracks and leaking
of gas from cracked pipelines leading to serious disasters.

10. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
• Groundwater contamination: Mining disturbs the natural hydrological
processes and also pollutes the groundwater. Sulphur, usually present
as an impurity in many ores is known to get converted into sulphuric
acid through microbial action, thereby making the water acidic. Some
heavy metals also get into the groundwater and contaminate it posing
health hazards.
• Surface water pollution: The acid mine drainage often contaminates
the nearby streams and lakes. The acidic water is detrimental to many
forms of aquatic life. Sometimes radioactive substances like uranium
also contaminate the water bodies through mine wastes and kill
aquatic animals. Heavy metal pollution of water bodies near the
mining areas is a common feature creating health hazards.

11. Introduction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts
• Air pollution: In order to separate and purify the metal from other
impurities in the ore, smelting is done which emits enormous
quantities of air pollutants damaging the vegetation nearby and has
serious environmental health impacts. The suspended particulate
matter (SPM), SOx, soot, arsenic particles, cadmium, lead etc. shoot
up in the atmosphere near the smelters and the public suffers from
several health problems.
• Occupational Health Hazards: Most of the miners suffer from various
respiratory and skin diseases due to constant exposure to the
suspended particulate matter and toxic substances. Miners working in
different types of mines suffer from asbestosis, silicosis, black lung
disease etc.

12. uction Classification of minerals Uses and exploitation Environmental impacts Conclusion
In conclusion, India is a mineral-rich country with a diverse range of
mineral resources. The country is a major producer of a number of
minerals, including coal, iron ore, bauxite, chromite, and natural gas.
India's mineral resources play an important role in the country's
economy, and they are essential for the production of a wide range of
goods and services. The sustainable management of India's mineral
resources is essential to ensure that they continue to be available for
future generations.