1. From 600-1450, Western Europe was decentralized with the rise of feudalism and the dominance of the Catholic faith. Southwest Asia saw the rise of Islam and the Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates.
2. From 1450-1750, Western Europe saw the rise of nation-states like France and the Holy Roman Empire, as well as the Protestant Reformation. The Ottoman Empire expanded across Southwest Asia.
3. From 1750-1914, the Enlightenment led to revolutions in Western Europe while nationalism movements emerged. The Ottoman Empire declined as industrialization began in parts of Southwest Asia.
The document summarizes several major historical events and periods:
1) The fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE which led to the Dark Ages in Europe and the emergence of feudalism.
2) The Crusades from 1095-1272 CE which resulted in increased trade in Europe and the rise of royal power over nobles.
3) The Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1436 which created a printing revolution and spread ideas and literacy.
4) The Renaissance in the 1400s which saw a renewal of Greco-Roman ideals and patronage of the arts that would influence Western culture.
The document discusses several ancient empires of the Middle East and Mediterranean regions that practiced slavery, including Mesopotamia, Babylonia, the Persian Empire, Byzantine Empire, China, Greece, and Rome. Slavery was an important part of the economies and labor forces of these civilizations. Slaves were typically acquired through war, piracy, debt, or heredity and worked in agriculture, mining, households, and other industries. The empires rose and fell over time, influencing the development of civilization.
The document summarizes Medieval Europe from the 11th to 15th centuries. It discusses the resurgence of cities during this period, with increased rural populations migrating to cities and higher agricultural productivity leading to more food and commercial importance for urban areas. Urban society maintained the feudal structure but cities offered more freedom. New social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds emerged. Politically, the papacy, Holy Roman Empire, and monarchies vied for power. The document then specifically discusses the Iberian Peninsula during this period, covering the origins of Christian kingdoms and the political situation between Muslim taifas and Christian kingdoms from 1031 to 1085.
1. The document discusses several major historical turning points that had significant impacts and led to changes, including the Neolithic Revolution, the fall of the Roman Empire, the Crusades, the Printing Press, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Age of Exploration, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Meiji Restoration, World War I, and more.
2. Many of these events involved new technologies, religious or political ideologies, or economic and social conditions that challenged the existing order and led societies to develop in new directions.
3. The impacts often included increased trade and exchange of ideas, the rise of new social classes and power
This document provides information about various topics related to early civilizations. It discusses Stonehenge and characteristics of early civilizations. It then covers river valley civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Next it discusses key religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and others. It also summarizes important figures and events in early civilizations like ancient Greece, Rome, and Persia. In summary, the document outlines the rise and characteristics of early civilizations globally, their religious and cultural developments, as well as influential figures and time periods.
The document summarizes the key developments and events of the Renaissance period in Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries. It describes the transition from the medieval to the modern era, the rise of humanism and secular thought during this period in Italy and other parts of Europe. It also discusses the growth of powerful monarchies in countries like France and the exploration and colonization of the Americas by powers like Spain and Portugal that established new global empires and trade networks and had major social, economic and political impacts.
1) The document discusses the history and society of the Mediterranean region under Roman rule from the 8th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.
2) It describes the founding and expansion of the Roman Republic and Empire, the establishment of Roman rule over the Mediterranean, and the integration of the region's economy and culture.
3) The passage also examines the growth and spread of religions like Christianity and mystery cults throughout the Empire during this period, as Mediterranean societies became increasingly cosmopolitan under the Pax Romana.
The document summarizes several major historical events and periods:
1) The fall of the Roman Empire in 476 CE which led to the Dark Ages in Europe and the emergence of feudalism.
2) The Crusades from 1095-1272 CE which resulted in increased trade in Europe and the rise of royal power over nobles.
3) The Printing Press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1436 which created a printing revolution and spread ideas and literacy.
4) The Renaissance in the 1400s which saw a renewal of Greco-Roman ideals and patronage of the arts that would influence Western culture.
The document discusses several ancient empires of the Middle East and Mediterranean regions that practiced slavery, including Mesopotamia, Babylonia, the Persian Empire, Byzantine Empire, China, Greece, and Rome. Slavery was an important part of the economies and labor forces of these civilizations. Slaves were typically acquired through war, piracy, debt, or heredity and worked in agriculture, mining, households, and other industries. The empires rose and fell over time, influencing the development of civilization.
The document summarizes Medieval Europe from the 11th to 15th centuries. It discusses the resurgence of cities during this period, with increased rural populations migrating to cities and higher agricultural productivity leading to more food and commercial importance for urban areas. Urban society maintained the feudal structure but cities offered more freedom. New social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds emerged. Politically, the papacy, Holy Roman Empire, and monarchies vied for power. The document then specifically discusses the Iberian Peninsula during this period, covering the origins of Christian kingdoms and the political situation between Muslim taifas and Christian kingdoms from 1031 to 1085.
1. The document discusses several major historical turning points that had significant impacts and led to changes, including the Neolithic Revolution, the fall of the Roman Empire, the Crusades, the Printing Press, the Renaissance, the Protestant Reformation, the Age of Exploration, the Scientific Revolution, the Age of Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the Meiji Restoration, World War I, and more.
2. Many of these events involved new technologies, religious or political ideologies, or economic and social conditions that challenged the existing order and led societies to develop in new directions.
3. The impacts often included increased trade and exchange of ideas, the rise of new social classes and power
This document provides information about various topics related to early civilizations. It discusses Stonehenge and characteristics of early civilizations. It then covers river valley civilizations like Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and China. Next it discusses key religions such as Judaism, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and others. It also summarizes important figures and events in early civilizations like ancient Greece, Rome, and Persia. In summary, the document outlines the rise and characteristics of early civilizations globally, their religious and cultural developments, as well as influential figures and time periods.
The document summarizes the key developments and events of the Renaissance period in Europe between the 14th and 16th centuries. It describes the transition from the medieval to the modern era, the rise of humanism and secular thought during this period in Italy and other parts of Europe. It also discusses the growth of powerful monarchies in countries like France and the exploration and colonization of the Americas by powers like Spain and Portugal that established new global empires and trade networks and had major social, economic and political impacts.
1) The document discusses the history and society of the Mediterranean region under Roman rule from the 8th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.
2) It describes the founding and expansion of the Roman Republic and Empire, the establishment of Roman rule over the Mediterranean, and the integration of the region's economy and culture.
3) The passage also examines the growth and spread of religions like Christianity and mystery cults throughout the Empire during this period, as Mediterranean societies became increasingly cosmopolitan under the Pax Romana.
Ancient Greece occupied southern Balkans and western Anatolia. After the 8th century BC, Greek culture expanded throughout the Mediterranean. In the 3rd century BC, Alexander the Great spread Greek influence as far as India. The natural environment of valleys, islands, and seas shaped independent city-states and a maritime economy focused on trade, agriculture, grazing and fishing. Greek history progressed from pre-Hellenic Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, through a Dark Age after Dorian invasions, then the Archaic age of colonization, Persian Wars, and rise of city-states like Athens and Sparta during the Classical period.
The document provides an overview of medieval Europe from the fall of Rome to the Renaissance. It summarizes that the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD due to various internal and external factors. While Rome fell, the Eastern Roman Empire continued on as the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople. After the fall of Rome, Europe was politically fragmented with no central government and was dominated by invading Germanic tribes. Charlemagne was able to unite much of Western Europe under the Frankish Kingdom in the 9th century, which became known as the Holy Roman Empire. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system during this period characterized by a hierarchy of land ownership and obligations between lords and vassals. The
Western civilization began in Europe based on Greco-Roman civilization, emerging either in the 8th or 16th century AD after the Middle Ages. It is defined as having European descendants, western ideologies, developed states, Christianity, and views consistent with modern perceptions of the West. A series of events in Europe drove its rise, including the Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Discovery and Expansion, and Industrial Revolution. It was characterized by intellectual growth, increasing secularization, nationalism, and global imperialism.
This document provides an overview of world history from 1450-1750, covering major empires and developments across Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. It discusses the rise of absolutism, global trade networks, coercive labor systems, and religious rivalries during this period. Specific empires and regions highlighted include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, western European powers, African kingdoms, Russian states, and Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas.
The document provides information about the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It discusses the establishment of Germanic kingdoms across Europe as the Western Roman Empire collapsed, including the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. The document also examines the division of the Roman Empire in 395 into Western and Eastern halves, with the Eastern Empire surviving as the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople until 1453.
The document summarizes the political, social, and economic developments in medieval Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula, between the 11th-15th centuries. Specifically:
1) Cities regained commercial importance as the rural population grew and agricultural productivity increased, providing surpluses to urban areas. Urban society developed new social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds.
2) Political institutions like the papacy, Holy Roman Empire, and monarchies vied for power. Monarchs granted cities privileges to gain their support against the nobility.
3) The Iberian Peninsula saw the formation of Christian kingdoms like Aragon, Navarre, and Leon-Castille by the 11th century, which recon
The document discusses the effects of the Crusades from the 11th-13th centuries. It states that the Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire and allowed the Ottoman Turks to eventually conquer Constantinople in 1453. The Crusades also expanded cultural and economic exchange between Europe and the Middle East, increasing knowledge of places like Palestine in Europe. This stimulated trade and the development of banking/accounting in Italian cities like Venice and Genoa. The Crusades also introduced new technologies, literature, heraldry, and architectural styles to Europe. However, the cultural exchange was mostly from East to West, and the Crusades had negative impacts on the Muslim world by undermining tolerance.
The document provides information about Rome and Han China between 753 BCE and 330 CE. It describes the founding and expansion of Rome as it conquered the Mediterranean region. It also details the establishment of the Qin and long reign of the Han dynasties in China as they expanded their empire and standardized government. Both empires developed advanced urban societies and economies but eventually declined due to overexpansion of territory, the high costs of defense, and nomadic invasions.
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE to the Ming dynasty in 1644 CE. It summarizes some of the key developments during this period, including the establishment of China's first empire under Shi Huangdi of the Qin, the invention of paper and expansion of the Silk Road during the Han dynasty, the construction of the Grand Canal during the Sui, the golden age of foreign relations and development of printing during the Tang, the creation of an urban middle class and use of the magnetic compass at sea during the Song, Kublai Khan's rule and Marco Polo's travels during the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty, and the cultural revolution, treasure voyages of
Four major early civilizations developed around 3500 BCE along major river valleys: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Northwest India, and Northern China. These civilizations were located near rivers which provided essential resources like water for irrigation and fertile soil for agriculture, allowing populations to grow and more complex societies to form. Some key developments in these early river valley civilizations included systems of writing, centralized governments, advances in mathematics, astronomy and calendar systems, as well as religious and social structures like patriarchy. Many of the innovations and traditions of these early civilizations continued to influence later societies and still impact the modern world today.
The document provides a timeline and overview of Roman history from its founding in 753 BC through the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It outlines the major periods of Roman rule like the Monarchy, Republic and Empire. Key events include the Punic Wars, Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul, and Constantine establishing Christianity as the official religion. Roman society, economy, architecture, art, and engineering achievements are also summarized. The document uses images to illustrate Roman sculptures, buildings, mosaics and other cultural aspects.
The document discusses the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages. It cites disease (the bubonic plague) and invasions by tribes from modern-day Germany and France as contributing to the fall of Rome. This led to the emergence of a feudal system and the rise of power of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, a time of castles, knights, and isolated manors for protection. Important technological developments during this period included water wheels, eyeglasses, mechanical clocks, printing, and gunpowder.
The document discusses the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Roman Empire fell due to devastating disease like the bubonic plague and attacks from outside groups like the Huns. This led to the rise of the Middle Ages, where the Catholic Church became more powerful and feudal systems of government emerged. Knights protected their lands and people in exchange for food and resources under this new social hierarchy. The three sentences provide a high-level overview of the key topics and events covered in the lengthy document.
This document provides an overview of human history from 2.5 million BCE to 500 BCE. It describes how early humans lived in small hunter-gatherer bands and were mostly nomadic, though some permanent settlements emerged. Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon man inhabited caves and left behind cave paintings. From 8000-3000 BCE, permanent agricultural settlements developed along with technologies like farming and pottery-making. Some of the earliest cities like Catal Huyuk and Jericho emerged during this period. The document then focuses on the major early civilizations that arose, including those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, outlining their key geographic features, beliefs, achievements and influences.
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. It details how Rome grew to become the most powerful empire in Europe through its strong military, establishment of Roman law and democratic republic, and spread of Latin and Roman infrastructure across its territories. However, over time the empire declined due to invasions from outside groups, the rise of a new religion in Christianity, economic troubles, and political instability. This led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, marking the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe.
The document contains summaries of various historical topics in 3 sentences or less. It covers a wide range of people, places, events and concepts from across history, including African gold trade, World War I alliances, al-Qaeda, Archimedes, the Armenian genocide, the arms race between the US and USSR, Thomas Aquinas, the Atlantic slave trade, the atomic bomb, the Balkans region, the Aztec civilization, the Black Death plague, William Blackstone, the Bolsheviks in Russia, Simón Bolívar, Napoleon Bonaparte, Robert Boyle, the Byzantine Empire, Buddhism, John Calvin, Christianity, the Cold War, Winston Churchill, the Columbian exchange after 1492, the commercial revolution, Nicolas Copernicus
The document summarizes the three major civilizations that existed during the Middle Ages in Europe: the Byzantine, Western Christian, and Islamic civilizations. It provides details on the political organization, society, economy, and culture of each civilization. The Byzantine Empire emerged after the division of the Roman Empire, with its capital in Constantinople. The Western Roman Empire fell, giving rise to various Germanic kingdoms. The Islamic civilization expanded rapidly after the prophet Muhammad established the religion of Islam in the 7th century.
The Mayan Temple of the Great Jaguar in Tikal, Guatemala was built in the 8th century AD to serve as the tomb for ruler Chan K'awill. The 144 foot tall temple has a steep pyramid shape with nine large steps and hundreds of small steps, topped by a temple with a roof featuring carvings. While its explicit purpose was as a tomb, it also served to accentuate the ruler's power and status by widening the physical distance between those at the top and bottom of the structure.
Ecuador has experienced political instability with small political parties dependent on populism. Since 1996, indigenous groups have participated more in politics. President Rafael Correa took office in 2007 and enjoys widespread popularity. His government has increased social spending on housing, healthcare, and other programs. The economy relies on petroleum, agriculture, manufacturing and commerce. Correa prioritizes higher social spending, controlling strategic sectors, and more state revenues from natural resources. The government has created some uncertainty for businesses. Ecuador seeks to diversify trade and strengthen ties with countries in Latin America, Europe, and Asia.
Korea's mountainous and jagged coastline geography impacted its people by providing natural barriers for protection but also isolating them. This geography contributed to the development of the Three Kingdoms period where Koguryo, Paekche and Silla vied for control of the peninsula. Silla eventually unified the peninsula and adopted Chinese systems like Buddhism and Confucianism, showing cultural diffusion. Artifacts found at Korean Buddhist sites indicate participation in the Silk Road trade network, importing and exporting goods. Foreign influences like Central Asian styles and Buddhism spread to Korea in this period, making Korea a "cultural land bridge" between China and Japan.
Ancient Greece occupied southern Balkans and western Anatolia. After the 8th century BC, Greek culture expanded throughout the Mediterranean. In the 3rd century BC, Alexander the Great spread Greek influence as far as India. The natural environment of valleys, islands, and seas shaped independent city-states and a maritime economy focused on trade, agriculture, grazing and fishing. Greek history progressed from pre-Hellenic Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations, through a Dark Age after Dorian invasions, then the Archaic age of colonization, Persian Wars, and rise of city-states like Athens and Sparta during the Classical period.
The document provides an overview of medieval Europe from the fall of Rome to the Renaissance. It summarizes that the Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD due to various internal and external factors. While Rome fell, the Eastern Roman Empire continued on as the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople. After the fall of Rome, Europe was politically fragmented with no central government and was dominated by invading Germanic tribes. Charlemagne was able to unite much of Western Europe under the Frankish Kingdom in the 9th century, which became known as the Holy Roman Empire. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system during this period characterized by a hierarchy of land ownership and obligations between lords and vassals. The
Western civilization began in Europe based on Greco-Roman civilization, emerging either in the 8th or 16th century AD after the Middle Ages. It is defined as having European descendants, western ideologies, developed states, Christianity, and views consistent with modern perceptions of the West. A series of events in Europe drove its rise, including the Renaissance, Reformation, Age of Discovery and Expansion, and Industrial Revolution. It was characterized by intellectual growth, increasing secularization, nationalism, and global imperialism.
This document provides an overview of world history from 1450-1750, covering major empires and developments across Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. It discusses the rise of absolutism, global trade networks, coercive labor systems, and religious rivalries during this period. Specific empires and regions highlighted include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, western European powers, African kingdoms, Russian states, and Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas.
The document provides information about the history of Europe following the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It discusses the establishment of Germanic kingdoms across Europe as the Western Roman Empire collapsed, including the Visigothic Kingdom in the Iberian Peninsula. The document also examines the division of the Roman Empire in 395 into Western and Eastern halves, with the Eastern Empire surviving as the Byzantine Empire based in Constantinople until 1453.
The document summarizes the political, social, and economic developments in medieval Europe, particularly the Iberian Peninsula, between the 11th-15th centuries. Specifically:
1) Cities regained commercial importance as the rural population grew and agricultural productivity increased, providing surpluses to urban areas. Urban society developed new social classes like the bourgeoisie and guilds.
2) Political institutions like the papacy, Holy Roman Empire, and monarchies vied for power. Monarchs granted cities privileges to gain their support against the nobility.
3) The Iberian Peninsula saw the formation of Christian kingdoms like Aragon, Navarre, and Leon-Castille by the 11th century, which recon
The document discusses the effects of the Crusades from the 11th-13th centuries. It states that the Crusades weakened the Byzantine Empire and allowed the Ottoman Turks to eventually conquer Constantinople in 1453. The Crusades also expanded cultural and economic exchange between Europe and the Middle East, increasing knowledge of places like Palestine in Europe. This stimulated trade and the development of banking/accounting in Italian cities like Venice and Genoa. The Crusades also introduced new technologies, literature, heraldry, and architectural styles to Europe. However, the cultural exchange was mostly from East to West, and the Crusades had negative impacts on the Muslim world by undermining tolerance.
The document provides information about Rome and Han China between 753 BCE and 330 CE. It describes the founding and expansion of Rome as it conquered the Mediterranean region. It also details the establishment of the Qin and long reign of the Han dynasties in China as they expanded their empire and standardized government. Both empires developed advanced urban societies and economies but eventually declined due to overexpansion of territory, the high costs of defense, and nomadic invasions.
The document provides an overview of Chinese history from the Qin dynasty in 221 BCE to the Ming dynasty in 1644 CE. It summarizes some of the key developments during this period, including the establishment of China's first empire under Shi Huangdi of the Qin, the invention of paper and expansion of the Silk Road during the Han dynasty, the construction of the Grand Canal during the Sui, the golden age of foreign relations and development of printing during the Tang, the creation of an urban middle class and use of the magnetic compass at sea during the Song, Kublai Khan's rule and Marco Polo's travels during the Yuan (Mongol) dynasty, and the cultural revolution, treasure voyages of
Four major early civilizations developed around 3500 BCE along major river valleys: Mesopotamia, Egypt, Northwest India, and Northern China. These civilizations were located near rivers which provided essential resources like water for irrigation and fertile soil for agriculture, allowing populations to grow and more complex societies to form. Some key developments in these early river valley civilizations included systems of writing, centralized governments, advances in mathematics, astronomy and calendar systems, as well as religious and social structures like patriarchy. Many of the innovations and traditions of these early civilizations continued to influence later societies and still impact the modern world today.
The document provides a timeline and overview of Roman history from its founding in 753 BC through the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD. It outlines the major periods of Roman rule like the Monarchy, Republic and Empire. Key events include the Punic Wars, Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul, and Constantine establishing Christianity as the official religion. Roman society, economy, architecture, art, and engineering achievements are also summarized. The document uses images to illustrate Roman sculptures, buildings, mosaics and other cultural aspects.
The document discusses the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages. It cites disease (the bubonic plague) and invasions by tribes from modern-day Germany and France as contributing to the fall of Rome. This led to the emergence of a feudal system and the rise of power of the Catholic Church during the Middle Ages, a time of castles, knights, and isolated manors for protection. Important technological developments during this period included water wheels, eyeglasses, mechanical clocks, printing, and gunpowder.
The document discusses the fall of the Roman Empire and the beginning of the Middle Ages. The Roman Empire fell due to devastating disease like the bubonic plague and attacks from outside groups like the Huns. This led to the rise of the Middle Ages, where the Catholic Church became more powerful and feudal systems of government emerged. Knights protected their lands and people in exchange for food and resources under this new social hierarchy. The three sentences provide a high-level overview of the key topics and events covered in the lengthy document.
This document provides an overview of human history from 2.5 million BCE to 500 BCE. It describes how early humans lived in small hunter-gatherer bands and were mostly nomadic, though some permanent settlements emerged. Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon man inhabited caves and left behind cave paintings. From 8000-3000 BCE, permanent agricultural settlements developed along with technologies like farming and pottery-making. Some of the earliest cities like Catal Huyuk and Jericho emerged during this period. The document then focuses on the major early civilizations that arose, including those in Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China, outlining their key geographic features, beliefs, achievements and influences.
The document summarizes the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. It details how Rome grew to become the most powerful empire in Europe through its strong military, establishment of Roman law and democratic republic, and spread of Latin and Roman infrastructure across its territories. However, over time the empire declined due to invasions from outside groups, the rise of a new religion in Christianity, economic troubles, and political instability. This led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 AD, marking the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe.
The document contains summaries of various historical topics in 3 sentences or less. It covers a wide range of people, places, events and concepts from across history, including African gold trade, World War I alliances, al-Qaeda, Archimedes, the Armenian genocide, the arms race between the US and USSR, Thomas Aquinas, the Atlantic slave trade, the atomic bomb, the Balkans region, the Aztec civilization, the Black Death plague, William Blackstone, the Bolsheviks in Russia, Simón Bolívar, Napoleon Bonaparte, Robert Boyle, the Byzantine Empire, Buddhism, John Calvin, Christianity, the Cold War, Winston Churchill, the Columbian exchange after 1492, the commercial revolution, Nicolas Copernicus
The document summarizes the three major civilizations that existed during the Middle Ages in Europe: the Byzantine, Western Christian, and Islamic civilizations. It provides details on the political organization, society, economy, and culture of each civilization. The Byzantine Empire emerged after the division of the Roman Empire, with its capital in Constantinople. The Western Roman Empire fell, giving rise to various Germanic kingdoms. The Islamic civilization expanded rapidly after the prophet Muhammad established the religion of Islam in the 7th century.
The Mayan Temple of the Great Jaguar in Tikal, Guatemala was built in the 8th century AD to serve as the tomb for ruler Chan K'awill. The 144 foot tall temple has a steep pyramid shape with nine large steps and hundreds of small steps, topped by a temple with a roof featuring carvings. While its explicit purpose was as a tomb, it also served to accentuate the ruler's power and status by widening the physical distance between those at the top and bottom of the structure.
Ecuador has experienced political instability with small political parties dependent on populism. Since 1996, indigenous groups have participated more in politics. President Rafael Correa took office in 2007 and enjoys widespread popularity. His government has increased social spending on housing, healthcare, and other programs. The economy relies on petroleum, agriculture, manufacturing and commerce. Correa prioritizes higher social spending, controlling strategic sectors, and more state revenues from natural resources. The government has created some uncertainty for businesses. Ecuador seeks to diversify trade and strengthen ties with countries in Latin America, Europe, and Asia.
Korea's mountainous and jagged coastline geography impacted its people by providing natural barriers for protection but also isolating them. This geography contributed to the development of the Three Kingdoms period where Koguryo, Paekche and Silla vied for control of the peninsula. Silla eventually unified the peninsula and adopted Chinese systems like Buddhism and Confucianism, showing cultural diffusion. Artifacts found at Korean Buddhist sites indicate participation in the Silk Road trade network, importing and exporting goods. Foreign influences like Central Asian styles and Buddhism spread to Korea in this period, making Korea a "cultural land bridge" between China and Japan.
The document analyzes the political, economic, social, and technological factors (PEST analysis) affecting Dior's potential expansion into the fragrance and beauty market in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Politically, Brazil has a stable democratic government and is focusing on infrastructure improvements for the World Cup and Olympics. Economically, Brazil has a strong and attractive market with prosperity and interest rate stability, despite some currency fluctuations. Socially, Brazilians have an emerging middle class with growing purchasing power and interest in luxury brands, and the beauty market is among the largest globally. Technologically, Brazil is adopting new technologies. The analysis recommends Dior invest in the Brazilian market.
Early Japan was influenced by Chinese culture starting in the 600s CE when Prince Shotoku introduced Confucian ideals and Buddhism. A feudal system developed between the 700s-1500s where powerful families and their samurai warriors ruled regions on behalf of emperors and shoguns in exchange for land. Zen Buddhism reinforced the samurai code of honor while its meditation practices aimed to achieve mental discipline useful for battle.
This document provides an overview of Brazil, including its history, geography, economy, and culture. Some key points:
- Brazil was discovered in 1500 and became independent from Portugal in 1822, becoming a republic in 1889. Portuguese is the main language.
- Brazil has a large and diverse economy, being the largest in Latin America and 8th largest globally. Main exports include aircraft, automobiles, minerals, and agricultural products.
- The country is divided into five regions - North, Northeast, Center-West, Southeast, and South - which vary geographically and economically. The Southeast, home to São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro, generates over half of Brazil's GDP.
- Brazilian culture
The document appears to be a presentation on a PESTEL/PESTLE analysis. PESTEL/PESTLE analysis is a framework used to analyze the macroenvironmental factors that may affect an organization. The presentation includes slides that analyze political, economic, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. However, most of the content is placeholder text that would normally be replaced with an actual analysis of these external factors for a specific organization or industry.
Renaissance art and architecture differed from the medieval period in several key ways:
1. Renaissance art placed a stronger emphasis on realism, classical influence from Greco-Roman styles, and depicting human emotion and form over religious dogma.
2. Perspective techniques developed, allowing artists to create the illusion of 3D space on a 2D surface through techniques like linear perspective and proportion.
3. Individualism was expressed through techniques like portraiture that captured the subject's unique personality and likeness, rather than generic representations.
This document provides an overview of major global developments between 1450-1750, including the rise of empires and trade networks. Key points discussed include:
- The growth of empires like Ming China, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, and Tokugawa Japan.
- European exploration and the age of discovery, including Portuguese, Spanish, Dutch, French and English colonial expansion.
- The global exchange of goods, people, plants, animals and diseases across Afro-Eurasia and between the Old World and New World.
- The rise of new economic systems like plantation agriculture and the transatlantic slave trade.
- Shifting religious and intellectual currents including Protestant Reformation, growth of
This document provides an overview of major global developments between 1450-1750, including the rise of trade, empires, and cross-cultural exchange. Key events summarized are the decline of the Ming Dynasty in China and its conquest by the Manchu Qing Dynasty; the unification of Japan under the Tokugawa Shogunate and its turn to isolationism; and the growth and eventual stagnation of large land-based empires like the Ottomans, Mughals, and Russians. European powers increasingly explored overseas and established global colonial empires, introducing new crops, commodities and beliefs around the world.
The Ancien Régime was the feudal system in Europe from the 15th to 18th centuries characterized by absolute monarchs, a stratified society of nobles, clergy, and commoners, and a rural agrarian economy. During this time, Enlightenment thinkers advocated for reason and scientific progress to criticize the traditions and injustices of the Ancien Régime, laying the foundations for liberalism, individual rights, and new economic theories that would contribute to revolutionary changes.
The document provides an overview of several major historical periods and events:
1. It discusses the Middle Ages in Europe, including the rise of feudalism and manorialism following the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
2. It covers the Crusades and their impact in increasing contact between Europe and the Muslim world, as well as helping to end feudalism.
3. The Mongol Empire is summarized, including its expansion under Genghis Khan and the Pax Mongolia under Kublai Khan, which connected trade networks.
4. The document outlines the key features and thinkers of the Renaissance and Reformation periods in Europe.
This presentation is a student-teacher created slide show to accompany Ch. 5 from the textbook Exploring Globalization (Gardner & Lavold, 2007, McGraw-Hill Ryerson).
The Middle Ages spanned from 500-1500 AD. After the fall of the Roman Empire, threats of attacks led to the decline of cities and rise of feudalism as a political system with land granted in exchange for loyalty. Manorialism was the economic system of self-sufficient farming estates with little trade. Charlemagne created a large empire and helped revive learning in Europe, though it declined after his death. Europe was weakened by invasions until the rise of the powerful Roman Catholic Church and the Crusades between 1000-1300 AD, but the Black Death plague from 1347-1351 killed one-third of Europe's population and ended feudalism.
The document provides an overview of major themes and events in world history, focusing on classical civilizations, their golden ages and declines, as well as the spread of religion and trade networks. It discusses the rise and impacts of nomadic peoples like the Huns and Mongols as outside threats to sedentary civilizations. Key areas covered include Western Europe, the Middle East, India, China, Africa, Russia, Japan, and the Mongol Empire.
1) This document discusses the historical background of European colonization in the Americas from the Renaissance period to the founding of Roanoke colony.
2) It describes the political, economic, religious, and technological developments in Europe that enabled transatlantic voyages, including the rise of nation-states, urbanization, and advances in navigation.
3) The document also summarizes the Spanish and Portuguese colonization of the Americas in the 15th-16th centuries, including the conquests of the Aztec and Inca empires, and the resulting Columbian Exchange between the Old and New Worlds.
1) This document discusses the social, political, economic, and religious transformations in Europe from the Renaissance to the 16th century that set the stage for European colonization of the Americas.
2) It describes advances in technology, navigation, and the growth of powerful nation-states that enabled trans-oceanic voyages of exploration and conquest.
3) The document summarizes the initial colonization of the Americas by Spain and Portugal through figures like Columbus and Cortes, as well as the devastating impacts on indigenous populations and the Columbian Exchange that resulted.
The document outlines the agenda for a class on the European Middle Ages, including assigning group projects comparing topics of religion, music, art or literature; a lecture on the Middle Ages in Western Europe; and an exam on January 25th, with late homework assignments penalized by 2 points per week. It also provides background information on the development of Europe during the Middle Ages, from the influence of Greek/Roman classics and Germanic tribes to the agricultural and urban revolutions between 1000-1300 AD.
The document outlines the agenda for a class on the European Middle Ages, including assigning group projects comparing topics of religion, music, art or literature from the period, a lecture on Western Europe in the Middle Ages, and an exam on January 25th with late homework penalties. It also provides background information on the development of Europe during the Middle Ages from the influence of Greek/Roman classics and Germanic tribes to the rise of feudalism and developments in religion, knowledge, and art.
1. The document outlines major global developments between 1450-1750, including the rise of global trade, absolutism, and European dominance due to exploration and colonization.
2. Key empires that rose and declined in this period include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, and various African kingdoms.
3. European powers like Portugal, Spain, the Dutch, and British established global colonial empires and trading networks through exploration, initially to bypass Ottoman control of trade routes but later through institutions like joint-stock companies.
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. Invading groups of Germanic peoples overran the Western Roman Empire which was already weakened, and invading Germanic peoples raided Rome and overthrew the last Roman emperor, ending the Western Empire.
2. Feudalism (political system where people had rights and responsibilities to those of higher rank) and Manoralism (economic system where people lived and worked on isolated self-sufficient manors).
3. 1066
4. The Crusades were a series of battles between Christians and Muslims in the Middle East where Christian knights wanted to take the Holy Land and give it back to Christians.
5. Classical Era (500 BC - 600 AD
World history fall semester final reviewJamie Luna
This document provides a review of topics covered in a World History fall semester final exam. It covers the Paleolithic and Neolithic Ages, the emergence of early civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, and China. It then discusses ancient Greece and Rome, including the rise of democracy in Athens and oligarchy in Sparta. The document also summarizes the fall of Rome, the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, and Age of Exploration. Key events, innovations, and civilizations from each time period are highlighted at a high level to help with final exam preparation.
This document provides an overview of major developments in Europe between 1450-1750, including the Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution, Enlightenment, rise of absolute monarchy and new economic systems. It discusses changes in religion, politics, society, culture, science and philosophy that transformed Europe during this period. Key events and thinkers such as Martin Luther, Galileo, Descartes, Locke, Adam Smith and others are summarized along with the impact of their ideas.
1. The first Americans migrated to North America from Asia across the Bering Strait during the last Ice Age, gradually migrating south following food sources.
2. Europeans began exploring in the 15th century for economic, religious, and political reasons, seeking new trade routes, wealth, and converts to Christianity. This led to contact with indigenous peoples in the Americas.
3. The major European powers that engaged in colonization of North America were Spain, Portugal, France, and the Netherlands in the 16th-18th centuries, with Spain establishing the first permanent colonies through conquests of the Aztecs and Incas for gold and territory.
Europe has an area of 10,180,000 km2 and a population of 710 million people. It has a long and diverse history, from prehistoric human settlements to the rise and fall of ancient empires like Rome and Byzantium. Major developments include the Renaissance, Age of Discovery, industrial revolution, and two world wars in the 20th century. Today, Europe is composed of independent nation states with close economic and political cooperation between members of the European Union.
This document provides an overview of political, social, and economic developments in post-Classical Western Europe from 1000-1450 CE. Key points include:
1. Politics were decentralized, with the Holy Roman Empire in decline and independent states like France and England emerging. England was unified under the Norman conquest in 1066.
2. A new merchant class, or bourgeoisie, developed in growing cities and towns, challenging the traditional feudal hierarchy. Guilds and increased trade connected regions across Europe.
3. The Catholic Church remained powerful but faced challenges to its authority from secular rulers over issues like appointments and taxation. Events like the Magna Carta curbed royal power in England.
This document provides an overview of world history from prehistory through the Middle Ages. It covers the Stone Age and development of tools/art. The Metal Ages brought new technologies. Ancient civilizations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Rome are examined. The Middle Ages saw three major civilizations: the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic Caliphate, and Christian Europe. Key developments include the rise of cities, trade routes, and artistic styles like Romanesque and Gothic architecture.
The document discusses the 16th century battles of Panipat that were pivotal in the establishment of the Mughal Empire as the dominant power in northern India. It describes a painting depicting Babur defeating Ibrahim Lodi of the Lodi Dynasty in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. Students are asked to analyze this painting and compare how Babur and India relate to Osman and the Ottomans.
Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist during the Scientific Revolution who made improvements to the telescope and made astronomical observations that supported the heliocentric model of Copernicus. He was tried by the Inquisition for his scientific beliefs and spent the rest of his life under house arrest. Sir Isaac Newton developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation, removing doubts about the heliocentric model. John Locke was an English philosopher whose ideas about natural rights and the social contract influenced the Enlightenment and American, French, and Latin American revolutions. Mao Zedong was the Chinese communist leader who established communist rule in China in 1949 after a long civil war, and sought to modernize the country through often brutal
This document provides an overview of global history from the rise of totalitarianism in the early 20th century through developments in the late 20th century. It summarizes key events including the modernization of Turkey and Iran, the fascist rule of Mussolini in Italy, Japanese expansionism, Stalin's rule in the USSR, Nazi Germany, World War II, independence movements in Africa and Asia, the Cold War, conflicts in the Middle East including the Arab-Israeli conflict, and independence in Ireland. The document covers political, economic, and social developments across countries and regions in a broad historical context.
The Qing Dynasty ruled China from 1644 to 1911. In 1644, the Manchus swept into Beijing and established the Qing Dynasty after claiming the Mandate of Heaven. The Qing government expanded the empire to include territories like Tibet, Mongolia, Taiwan, and Manchuria. They also controlled Korea and Vietnam. However, by the 1750s the Qing Dynasty began declining due to issues like corruption and isolationist policies.
Rise of violence and terrorism: Arab-Israeli ConflictGreg Sill
The document summarizes the rise of violence and terrorism in the Arab-Israeli conflict from the 1950s onwards. It describes several wars and conflicts between Israel and its Arab neighbors that resulted in Israel gaining land, and the establishment of Palestinian refugee camps. The Palestinians formed the PLO led by Yasser Arafat to pursue independence, though they began using violence and terrorist attacks against Israel in the 1970s. The first Palestinian intifada from 1987-1993 involved civil disobedience protests and clashes that resulted in over 1000 deaths. The document also discusses Arafat's efforts to gain international recognition and diplomatic support for the Palestinian cause at the UN.
The document summarizes key events in the Arab-Israeli conflict and peace process from 1978 to present day. It describes the Camp David Accords that led to peace between Egypt and Israel, Sadat's assassination, and the Oslo Accords between Israel and the PLO. It also discusses failed peace talks at Camp David in 2000, the second Intifada, Israel's increasing security measures, and the ongoing disputes over settlements, Jerusalem, and Palestinian refugees that continue to impede a lasting peace agreement.
The document summarizes the fall of communism in Eastern Europe from the 1950s through the 1990s. It discusses key events such as Stalin's death in 1953 and the reforms enacted under Khrushchev that allowed for more freedoms. It then covers the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 and Prague Spring protests of 1968 that were crushed by the Soviet Union. Major reforms under Gorbachev in the 1980s, including glasnost and perestroika, weakened Soviet control and led Eastern European nations to demand more freedoms and hold free elections. This resulted in the fall of communist governments across Eastern Europe between 1989-1990 and the reunification of Germany.
Geographic factors significantly influenced the outcome of World War II according to the document. Location, climate, and resource availability each played important roles for different nations. The document outlines how the favorable location of the United States and resource availability in Britain helped those countries succeed, while unfavorable factors hampered Germany and Japan and contributed to their defeat. Analyzing these geographic influences could provide insights into why the Allies were ultimately victorious in the war.
The Battle of the Bulge from December 1944 to January 1945 was the largest land battle of World War II in Western Europe involving over 1 million soldiers from the US, Germany, and Britain. It resulted in over 81,000 US casualties including 19,000 killed. The defeat of German forces in this battle was a major turning point that led to the Allied victory in Europe several months later.
The document summarizes key events of World War 2 in Europe. It describes how in May 1940, Germany launched a surprise attack on France and quickly defeated French forces, occupying Paris by June. Over 300,000 French troops were then evacuated from Dunkirk in June 1940. France officially surrendered later that month. The Battle of Britain and subsequent German bombing campaign, known as the Blitz, are also mentioned. Major battles and turning points discussed include Stalingrad, North Africa, Monte Cassino, and the Allied invasion of Italy. D-Day and the massive Normandy invasion on June 6, 1944 by Allied forces from the US, Britain, and Canada is summarized, with over 150,000 troops storming the beaches in northern
Stalin took power in the Soviet Union after Lenin's death and immediately began purging his opponents through death and terror. He implemented collectivization of farms and five-year plans to industrialize the USSR and build up its military through a command economy with total government control. This led to totalitarian rule through fear, censorship, propaganda, and secret police. Similarly, Mussolini and his fascists took power in Italy in 1922 and established a totalitarian fascist state through extreme nationalism, military expansionism, and by demanding total obedience to the state apparatus. Hitler also came to power in 1933 and quickly dismantled Germany's democracy to construct a Nazi totalitarian regime based on racial ideology that systematically oppressed Jews and other groups through the Gestapo secret police and fascist propaganda
The Scientific Revolution occurred between 1543-1650 and saw developments in fields like astronomy and physics. The Scientific Method using empirical proofs in experiments also emerged during this time, sometimes conflicting with Church doctrine. Famous scientists like Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton made important discoveries, with Newton creating the laws of gravitation and calculus. The Enlightenment era that followed emphasized natural law, scientific progress, deism and civic freedoms, laying the foundations for modern political and economic systems. Key thinkers during this period included Locke, Voltaire and Montesquieu. The French and American Revolutions were directly inspired by Enlightenment ideals of natural rights and separation of powers.
1. The document discusses reasons for the Russian Revolution in 1917, including the weak leadership of Czar Nicholas II, huge differences between social classes, and Russia's defeat in World War I.
2. After the revolution, Lenin established communist rule but died in 1924, leading to a power struggle between Stalin and Trotsky that Stalin ultimately won.
3. Under Stalin's rule, he established a cult of personality through socialist realist art, rapidly industrialized through five-year plans, and collectivized agriculture, leading to the deaths of millions from famine and purges. Stalin also exerted total control over cultural and political life.
1. The United States entered World War 1 in 1917 after Germany intensified its submarine warfare and announced unrestricted submarine warfare.
2. This caused the sinking of passenger ships like the Lusitania, which killed American citizens and turned American public opinion against Germany.
3. The final provocation was the Zimmerman Telegram, in which Germany proposed a military alliance with Mexico against the US if America entered the war.
The document discusses several weapons and tactics used during World War I, including automatic machine guns, tanks, airplanes, poison gas, barbed wire fences, snipers, animals used for communication, and submarines. It provides brief descriptions of each, noting things like how machine guns allowed a few soldiers to take down waves of enemies, how tanks provided armor protection and helped troops break through defenses, and how poison gas like phosgene could kill or disable soldiers through inhalation.
World War I was caused by militarism, alliances, nationalism, and imperialism in Europe leading up to 1914. Major European powers formed two opposing alliances and maintained large standing armies. When Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a Serbian nationalist in 1914, a series of diplomatic and military events escalated tensions between the allied countries and led them into war.
The document summarizes Japan's transition from the Tokugawa period to the Meiji Restoration. During the Tokugawa period, Japan was ruled by shoguns in a feudal system. In 1853, Commodore Perry forced Japan to open trade with the United States through gunboat diplomacy. Dissatisfaction with the unequal treaties led to the Meiji Restoration in 1868, which overthrew the shogunate and transferred power to the Emperor. The new Meiji government embarked on rapid modernization and industrialization by adopting Western political, economic, and military systems while maintaining Japanese cultural traditions.
The document discusses Japan's occupation of Korea from 1910 to 1945. It began with Japan annexing Korea in 1910 after crushing Korean resistance. This started a period of harsh rule as Japan banned political organizations, censored the press, and arrested thousands of intellectuals and nationalists. After World War 1, Korean nationalism and protests grew, such as the March 1st Movement in 1919. In response, Japan eased some restrictions in the 1920s to foster more cultural and economic cooperation, but maintained political control over Korea.
This document provides guidance on writing a thematic essay about nationalism. It discusses how nationalism has shaped world events over the last 500 years and how individuals have led nationalist movements. It prompts the reader to choose two nationalist leaders and discuss the historical context of their movements, the nations they influenced, and how their actions have continued to impact those nations. The document offers advice on developing an introduction and thesis statement that proves an argument about how nationalism influenced specific countries or regions. It emphasizes selecting a focused thesis that can be supported with evidence about the similar and different ways nationalist leaders inspired their people to create unified states.
1. Napoleon became a general at age 24 and later took over the French government in a coup, naming himself first consul.
2. In 1804, he crowned himself Emperor of France.
3. After being defeated by an allied European force, Napoleon was exiled to the island of St. Helena where he died in 1821.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
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Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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2. 600-1450 Western Europe Political 1750-1914
Dark Ages, Feudalism, Enlightenment
decentralization 1450- 1750 Revolutions (France)
Charlemagne – Rise of Nation-State and Secular Constitutional
Carolingian Empire Empire- France, England, governments
Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire
Nationalist Movements
Power of Roman Catholic Reconquista of Spain
(Italy, Germany,
Faith – Pope, Canon law, Religious wars
Austria, Russia)
excommunication, Absolute Monarchs
Sea based Empires,
Great Schism 1054 Louis XIV, Charles V,
Wars (Seven Years,
Islamic Spain, Crusades, Phillip II, Maria Teresa,
Magna Carta, Mongol
Spanish American,
Henry VIII
Threats, Hundred Years’ Boer, Crimean, Opium)
Divine Right Rule
War Bureaucracy, oversea New Imperialism,
Rise of trading cities possessions Berlin Conference
(Venice, Florence) Balance of Power
Limited monarchy in
Renaissance Socialism, communism
England – Civil War 1642
1914-Present
Clash of Democracy, Communism and Fascism - World War I and II –
Decolonization - Cold War – Rise of Super Powers. Liberal movement and
Welfare State to Conservatism - European cooperation (European Union)
Rise of Terrorism,
3. 600-1450 Western Europe Economic 1750-1914
Manorialism, serfdom Proto-Industrialization,
Limited trade – unsafe 1450- 1750 Industrial Revolution
routes, agricultural Mercantilism, agricultural Need for resources and
markets, agricultural
Church had great Exploration – water routes
wealth – Tithe Tax to Asia, Encounter of Factory system,
Americas, Colonialism enclosure movement
After Crusades, trade
Sugar, Silver, Slaves mass production, new
routes develop, - Silk inventions
True Global trade, sea based,
Road, Mediterranean,
Spanish inflation End of slavery – need
Hanseatic League
Columbian Exchange – for low wage workers –
Urbanization, Guilds, urbanization
potato, tobacco, maize led
banks, currency
to population boom Eco Imperialism –
Goods – wool, honey, spheres of influence
Trading companies, laissez-
salt, copper, tin, expanded capitalism
faire capitalism
animals and consumerism
1914-Present
Globalization, New technology, Consumerism, World Bank, need for oil
capitalism vs communism, Great Depression – Welfare state, socialism
Rise of service industries, environmental regulations, immigration of workers,
Economic European Union (Euro)
4. Western Europe Social 1750-1914
1450- 1750
Ethnocentric Ethnocentrism, Racism
600-1450 Population increase, Rise of Population increase- crowded
Feudalism (King, Nobles, merchants, farmers cities – families split due to
High Priests, Knights, End of serfdom factory work, harsh conditions,
crime, alcoholism, health issues
serfs) Renaissance – Greco-Roman art,
architecture Humanism, New Elite Class (entrepreneurs)
Code of Chivalry and New working class
secularism, women – merchants,
Church influenced art, (Proletariat)
midwives, witch hunts
music, illumination, Status based on wealth, not land
gothic architecture Reformation – split in religion or family
(Luther, Calvin) Counter
Women – homemakers, Reformation Women lost work at home due to
weak, subordinate – factories, start to gain suffrage
Scientific Revolution
some could trade and Enlightenment, natural rights, Increase in wages – consumer
join guilds. Convents. lateen sail, printing press, goods, leisure time, theater,
compass, caravel, gunpowder sports,
Increased urbanization,
(guns, cannons) Social Darwinism, White Man’s
universities, Start of
Burden, democracy, feminism,
Renaissance
communism
1914-Present
Population decrease – immigration, Rise of middle class, educated elite
Consumerism, advertising, entertainment, film, sports, common fashions, trends
Status based on wealth, education, and profession
Women’s rights – gain jobs in all professions
Computer age, Information age, Nuclear power, Space travel, Green movement,
Secularism, liberalism vs conservatism
5. Western Europe Conclusions
Political
1. The negative impact of the fall of Rome, decentralization, and warfare that caused
the dark ages, eventually became positive factors that caused the rise and domination
of Europe.
2. Northern European Nations brought ideas of democracy and enlightenment to their
colonies while Iberian Nations brought ideas of Absolutism and Roman Catholicism.
Economic
1. Western success was achieved by the development of a series of technological
devices such as the gun, printing press, steam engine, and nuclear power.
2. Once Europe was able to find a water route to Asia and controlled the
Atlantic and Pacific Ocean trade routes, they dominated the world.
Social
1. Over time in European society, the influence of religion has decreased
while the role and rights of women have increased.
2. The main reason of European Global influence was the Greco-Roman
ideals of humanity and individualism.
7. Southwest Asia Political 1750-1914
600-1450
Rise of Islam 622 CE Ottoman Empire continues
Mecca, Muhammad, umma 1450- 1750 to decline - becomes
(community) Shariah, Dar al- Ottoman Empire dependent on British and
Islam 1453 – conquest of French (Crimean War)
Constantinople by
Sunni-Shiite Split, caliph Mehmed II, spread of Nationalism – Revolts in
Umayyad Caliphate 661-750 empire to Syria, Egypt, Serbia, Greece – movements
Damascus, Arab, tolerance North Africa in Egypt (Muhammad Ali)
for Jews/Christians “people Sulieman the Magnificent – and Turkey (Young Turks,
of the book” 1520-1566, Golden Age Ataturk)
Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258 focused on warfare and
used Janissaries Industrialization in Egypt to
Baghdad, gave equal status modernize military – cash
to converts, Golden Age, no Failed siege of Vienna crops (cotton) Suez Canal
clear succession, high taxes 1529, Loss at Battle of
Seljuk Turks, Crusades, Lepanto 1571, corruption, Attempted Tanzimat
Mongol IlKhanate, Ottoman taxes, lack of technology reforms, Constitution
Empire 1289-1923 led to long decline Janissaries eliminated
1914-Present
Ottoman Empire falls after WWI, Creation of Mandates, Nation-States, Creation of Israel
Arab-Israeli Wars, Iranian Revolution, Islamic Fundamentalism, Iran-Iraq War, OPEC,
Persian Gulf War, Iraqi War, Afghanistan War, Rise of Terrorism (PLO, Hamas, Hezbollah,
Al-Qaeda)
8. 600-1450 Southwest Asia Economic 1750-1914
Crossroads of Agricultural society
1450- 1750 Exports of raw materials –
civilizations and hub of
Agricultural and lacked industrialization
trade – caravan routes and manufactured goods
(Spices, sugarcane, merchant society
carpets, textiles, Decline of trade with the Handicrafts and textiles
handicrafts) West – slow economic could not compete with
European Industry –
Mecca, Baghdad, Cairo – decline due to inflation,
became dependent, loans,
commercial center, European sea routes extraterritoriality
markets (Bazaar), Domination of Eastern
schools, merchants, Mediterranean trade, Some attempts to
slaves, Jiyza Tax modernize military, use
Indian Ocean trade
tariffs to protect goods
Mongols destroyed Slaves from Africa used
Baghdad but later as servants, Harem Suez Canal helped world
increased trade, spread trade
of Bubonic Plague
1914-Present
Oil, OPEC (Oil Cartels), some industrialization, modernization of military and
infrastructure, urbanization (Cairo, Dubai, Baghdad), Suez Canal still vital,
guest workers going to western Europe, lacks manufactured goods, tourism
9. 600-1450 1750-1914
Polytheistic to
Southwest Asia Social Islam continues to
Monotheistic (Islam and 1450- 1750 dominate
Shariah law) Islam continues to
Tolerant of others
Some westernization
dominate culture, society –
(Suez Canal, Military)
Education, technology, art, religious tolerance
Lack of industrialization –
architecture (Dome, Merchants and Jannisaries artisans could not
minarets), calligraphy, are valuable to society
geometry (Arabic
compete with West
numerals), astronomy, Beautified Constantinople
Population growth, cities
cartography, literature, (Hagia Sophia)
preserved Greco-Roman Women were subordinate, Failed attempts of
culture merchants, lack of Enlightenment ideals
education, politics – (Tanzimat Reforms)
Women were veiled, could
own property, merchants, veiling, Harem Women seen as inferior,
harems, men could have Harems
four wives, later secluded
1914-Present
Islam dominates, Ethnic and religious strife – Arab-Israeli conflict, Armenian
genocide, Sunni-Shiite conflicts, Palestinian refugees, lack of tolerance
Strict Islamic law, women in burqas, lack of rights (Iran, Taliban)
Westernization – computers, internet, some women’s rights (Turkey, Egypt)
Urbanization, population increase, some rejection of Western ideals
10. Southwest Asia Conclusions
Political
1. Politics in the Southwest Asia have been highly influenced by Islam since its
development in 622 C.E.
2. Middle East has always been vulnerable to outside invasions due to its lack of
natural barriers and crucial location.
Economic
1. Due to it’s location and resources, Southwest Asia never really industrialized or
created its own manufactured goods which resulted in an inconsistent economy..
2. The Islamic economy declined once it was unable to control and benefit
from the Silk Road and Indian Ocean Trade route.
Social
1. Many people in Southwest Asia are torn between their traditional cultural values and
modern western ideals.
2. Women were consistently seen as inferior to men and only recently have
been given more political and social rights in some areas.
3. The role of Religion has been vital to the identity and culture of the people
11. 600-1450 Western Europe Political 1750-1914
Dark Ages, ___________, Enlightenment
decentralization 1450- 1750 Revolutions (France)
Charlemagne – Rise of ___________ and _______ Constitutional
Carolingian Empire Empire- France, England, governments
Holy Roman Empire Holy Roman Empire
_________ Movements
Power of _____________ _____________ of Spain
(Italy, Germany,
Faith – Pope, Canon law, Religious wars
Austria, Russia)
excommunication, Absolute Monarchs
___ based Empires,
________________ 1054 ____________, Charles V,
Wars (Seven Years,
Islamic Spain, Crusades, Phillip II, Maria Teresa,
________________,
Spanish American,
Henry VIII
Mongol Threats, Hundred Boer, Crimean, Opium)
_______________ Rule
Years’ War Bureaucracy, oversea New Imperialism,
Rise of trading cities possessions Berlin Conference
(Venice, Florence) __________________
Limited monarchy in
Renaissance Socialism, communism
England – Civil War 1642
1914-Present
Clash of Democracy, Communism and ______________ - World War I and II –
Decolonization - Cold War – Rise of ________________. Liberal movement and
Welfare State to Conservatism - European cooperation (European Union)
Rise of _______________,
12. 600-1450 Western Europe Economic 1750-1914
____________, serfdom Proto-Industrialization,
Limited trade – unsafe 1450- 1750 ___________________
routes, agricultural _____________, agricultural Need for resources and
markets, agricultural
Church had great Exploration – water routes
wealth – _______ Tax to Asia, Encounter of ____________ system,
Americas, Colonialism enclosure movement
After __________, trade
_______________________ mass production, new
routes develop, - Silk inventions
True Global trade, sea based,
Road, Mediterranean,
Spanish inflation End of _______ – need for
Hanseatic League
______________ Exchange low wage workers –
Urbanization, ________, urbanization
– potato, tobacco, maize led
banks, currency Eco Imperialism – spheres
to population boom
Goods – wool, honey, of influence expanded
Trading companies, laissez- capitalism and
salt, copper, tin,
faire capitalism _________________
animals
1914-Present
Globalization, New technology, Consumerism, World Bank, need for____
______________ vs communism, Great Depression – Welfare state, socialism
Rise of service industries, environmental regulations, immigration of workers,
Economic European Union (Euro)
13. Western Europe Social 1450- 1750 1750-1914
Ethnocentric Ethnocentrism, __________
600-1450 Population increase, Rise of Population increase- crowded
Feudalism (King, Nobles, merchants, farmers cities – families split due to
High Priests, Knights, End of _____________ factory work, harsh conditions,
crime, alcoholism, health issues
serfs) Renaissance – Greco-Roman art,
architecture _____________, New Elite Class (entrepreneurs)
Code of ___________ and New working class
secularism, women – merchants,
Church influenced art, (__________________)
midwives, witch hunts
music, illumination, Status based on ___________,
_________ architecture _______________ – split in not land or family
religion (Luther, Calvin) Counter
Women – homemakers, Reformation Women lost work at home due to
weak, subordinate – factories, start to gain suffrage
________________ Revolution
some could trade and Enlightenment, natural rights, Increase in wages – consumer
join guilds. ___________. lateen sail, printing press, goods, ___________ time,
compass, caravel, gunpowder theater, sports,
Increased urbanization,
(guns, cannons) Social _____________, White
universities, Start of
Man’s Burden, democracy,
Renaissance
feminism, communism
1914-Present
Population decrease – immigration, Rise of ________________, educated elite
_________________, advertising, entertainment, film, sports, common fashions, trends
Status based on wealth, education, and profession
_____________ rights – gain jobs in all professions
Computer age, Information age, Nuclear power, Space travel, Green movement,
Secularism, liberalism vs conservatism
14. 600-1450 Southwest Asia Political 1750-1914
Rise of __________ 622 CE Ottoman Empire continues
Mecca, Muhammad, umma 1450- 1750 to decline - becomes
(community) Shariah, Ottoman Empire _________________ on
Dar al-Islam 1453 – conquest of British and French (Crimean
_________________ Split, ____________ by Mehmed War)
caliph II, spread of empire to
Syria, Egypt, North Africa ______________ – Revolts in
Umayyad Caliphate 661-750 Serbia, Greece – movements
Damascus, Arab, tolerance Sulieman the Magnificent –
1520-1566, Golden Age in Egypt (Muhammad Ali)
for Jews/Christians “people and Turkey (Young Turks,
of the _______” focused on warfare and
used _______________ Ataturk)
Abbasid Caliphate 750-1258
Baghdad, gave equal status Failed siege of Vienna Industrialization in Egypt to
to converts, Golden Age, no 1529, Loss at Battle of modernize military – cash
clear succession, high taxes Lepanto 1571, corruption, crops (cotton) ___________
taxes, lack of technology
Seljuk Turks, _________, led to long _________ Attempted ________reforms,
Mongol IlKhanate, Ottoman Constitution Janissaries
Empire 1289-1923 eliminated
1914-Present
Ottoman Empire falls after WWI, Creation of Mandates, Nation-States, Creation of _______
Arab-Israeli Wars, Iranian Revolution, Islamic ____________________, Iran-Iraq War,
OPEC, Persian Gulf War, Iraqi War, Afghanistan War, Rise of ____________________ (PLO,
Hamas, Hezbollah, Al-Qaeda)
15. 600-1450 Southwest Asia Economic 1750-1914
________________ of Agricultural society
1450- 1750 Exports of raw materials –
civilizations and hub of
Agricultural and lacked industrialization
trade – caravan routes and _____________ goods
(Spices, sugarcane, merchant society
carpets, textiles, _________ of trade with Handicrafts and textiles
handicrafts) the West – slow could not compete with
____________ Industry –
Mecca, Baghdad, Cairo – economic decline due to
became dependent, loans,
_____________ center, inflation, European sea extraterritoriality
markets (Bazaar), routes
schools, merchants, Domination of Eastern Some attempts to
slaves, ________ Tax modernize ________, use
_______________ trade,
tariffs to protect goods
____________ destroyed Indian Ocean trade
Baghdad but later ______ from Africa used ______ Canal helped
increased trade, spread as servants, Harem world trade
of Bubonic Plague
1914-Present
Oil, _______ (Oil Cartels), some industrialization, modernization of military and
infrastructure, urbanization (Cairo, Dubai, Baghdad), Suez Canal still vital,
guest workers going to western Europe, lacks manufactured goods, ________
16. 600-1450 1750-1914
Polytheistic to
Southwest Asia Social Islam continues to
Monotheistic (__________ 1450- 1750 dominate
and Shariah law) Islam continues to
Tolerant of others
Some ______________
dominate culture, society –
(Suez Canal, Military)
Education, technology, art, religious _____________
Lack of industrialization –
architecture (Dome, Merchants and Jannisaries artisans could not
minarets), calligraphy, are valuable to society
geometry (Arabic
compete with West
numerals), astronomy, _________ Constantinople
Population growth, cities
cartography, literature, (Hagia Sophia)
preserved Women were subordinate, Failed attempts of
_________________culture merchants, lack of ______________ ideals
_____________, politics – (Tanzimat Reforms)
veiling, Harem Women seen as inferior,
Women were veiled, could
own property, merchants, Harems
________, men could have
four wives, later secluded
1914-Present
Islam dominates, Ethnic and religious _______ – Arab-Israeli conflict, Armenian
genocide, Sunni-Shiite conflicts, Palestinian refugees, lack of tolerance
Strict ________ law, women in burqas, lack of rights (Iran, Taliban)
_________________ – computers, internet, some women’s rights (Turkey, Egypt)
Urbanization, population increase, some rejection of Western ideals