The document outlines the agenda for a class on the European Middle Ages, including assigning group projects comparing topics of religion, music, art or literature from the period, a lecture on Western Europe in the Middle Ages, and an exam on January 25th with late homework penalties. It also provides background information on the development of Europe during the Middle Ages from the influence of Greek/Roman classics and Germanic tribes to the rise of feudalism and developments in religion, knowledge, and art.

1. WK8 Agenda
• Project 8 per group: members by Jan 18, 2010
• Pick one topic for multiple comparisons
project topics: religion, music, art, language
and literature
• European Middle Ages Lecture
• Homework (-2 per week for late work)
• Exam Result

2. Western Europe (Middle Ages)
• Got influence from Greek and Roman Classics,
Germanic tribes and Christianity
• Peak at 1200-1300 AD. (Christianity and
Feudalism)
• Focus on the new world and prepare for the
judgment day

3. Reasons for Development
• Invasions had ceased (Vikings,
Hungarians, Muslims)
• Agricultural revolution: more
food=> better economy (more
money for monarchs which they
could use to support church and
schools)=>urban revolution
(more time, migration)
– Shift from Mediterranean to North
Atlantic regions
– The weather was warmer
– Technology:
• Heavy plow
• Three field system
• Mills
• Used horses as farm animals
• New religious: intellectual
development

4. Germanic Tribes
• Goth:
– Visigoth (Odoacer)
– Ostrogoth (Theodoric) defeated
Odoacer and set up the capital city at
Ravenna (until Justinian fought back for
Byzantine
• Frank: Gaul or France
– 500-750 AD. Merovingian Dynasty:
Clovis: Largest empire, Paris, Baptized
and became Christian
– 750-900 AD. Carolingian Dynasty:
Charlemagne or Charles the Great
• Fought 30 years to create the Christian
empire
• Pope Leo III crowned him Emperor of
the Romans on Christmas day in 800 AD
• Ottonian: German
– Viking invaded Western and Middle
Kingdoms
– Magyars(Hungarian) invaded Eastern
Kingdom
– Otto I (German) won the battle of
Lechfeld
– Pope was very satisfied so he crowned
Otto I as the Holy Roman Emperor

5. Germanic Tribes
• Comitatus: relationship between leaders and knights
– Leaders gave: Food, weapon, and shelter
– Knights returned: Loyalty and military service
– Foundation of feudalism in EU
• Polytheist
• Christianity: Age of Faith during the dark age
• Christian influenced: politic, economic, society, and tradition from
birth to death
– Canon Law: punished those who deceitfully swear, insulted Christian,
practiced magic
– Excommunication: those who got excommunicated couldn’t
participate in the religious activity
– Interdiction: punished the whole community or country, no religious
practice at all

6. Germanic Tribes Art
• Migration Art: Animal Style
• Cloisonné (โลหะลงยา), Filigree,
Repousse (ลายนูน)
• The Palatine Chapel of
Charlemagne at Aachen(his
palace was “Back to Rome”
theme)
• Gospel books: color washed
pen drawing: quick brush
– Gospel of Aix
– Vienna Gospel
– Gospel Book of Archbishop
Ebbo of Reims
(St. Mathew and the manuscript)

7. Medieval Life
• Feudalism=
Comitatus(Germanic)+
Patron and Client System
or Master and Slave
Relations(Roman)
– Lord and vassal
• Manorial System
– Lord of the Manor and
villeins or serfs
What’s the management
style?
• John of England: Magna
Carta (1215 AD.)
What’s it about?

8. Romanesque Art
• Cathedral of St. Pierre
– Thick wall, few windows
– For religious use (destination
for pilgrims and crusaders)
– Latin Cross Style
• Pisa
• Fresco and Tapestry: Bayeux
(Duke William of Normandy vs.
Harold of England), Battle at
hasting

9. Gothic
• After the Crusade war
– Rise of National Monarchies
– Trade: Hanseatic League,
Champagne trade expo
– Town growth: Faubourg(center
of the city), Bourgeois(city
people)
• Paris University, Oxford and
Cambridge Universities
• Theology: Bible intepretation
• Travels of Marco Polo(1271-
1295 AD): Venice to Beijing
– Il Milione (The Million, Travels
of Polo)

10. Gothic
• Gothic style
– High pointed arch
– Flying buttresses
– Aisle, nave
– Stained glass at the
window
• The Cathedral of
Chartres, Notre Dame
de Paris, Reims, The
Cathedral of Amiens

11. Literature and Drama
• Church music and Polyphonic
Music (no instrument)
•Anonymous literature
Three levels:
–Knight: Chanson de Roland
(Roland’s loyalty to
Charlemagne)
–Royal: King Arthur& The
knights of the round table
–Middle class: Roman de
Renart (the fox represents
the middle class)
•Liturgical Play, Mystery Play,
Miracle Play

12. Italian Renaissance
• Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453 AD)
• English king over French territory
– Vassals (Gascony and Aquitaine)
• English economic interests
– Woolen trade with Flanders (support
Flemish rebellion against the French)
• No direct line successor for the French
throne Capetian in 1328 AD.
• France: richest country, more population
• England:
– Superior military tactics: archers vs.
knights (Crecy, Poitiers, Agincourt)
– Fought on French soil: not suffered
from the result of war
• Joan of Arc fought for Charles VII but was
captured later by the Bugundians.
• The war ended when:
– Burgundy withdrew from the English
alliance in 1435
– Incompetent King Henry VI
– Capture of Bordeaux in 1453

13. Italian Renaissance
• The great famine (1315-1317 AD)
• Black Death (1346-1350 AD)
– From Asia
– Carrier: flea from rats
– Infection: lymph, respiratory, blood
– 1/3 of people died
– People thought that the disease
was a punishment from God
– Flagellant Brothers: tortured
themselves to stop the spread of
the disease
Did it work?
– Poland wasn’t affected
• The Great Schism: Pope in
Avignon vs. Pope in Rome
(1378-1417 AD)

14. Italian Renaissance
• Johann Gutenberg:
printed bible
• Alchemists
• Christopher Columbus
(1492)
– People thought that
the world’s flat
– Supported by the
Spanish King
– Santa Maria Ship
– West Indies (New World)

15. Time Politic, Economic, Knowledge, Art: Painting, Sculpture, Literature, Drama,
Society Philosophy, Religion Architecture Music
Germanic Tribes
Merovingian (Frank)
Comitatus
Charlemagne (800-814 AD)
EU Medieval
Technology
Heavy plow
Age of Faith
Migration Art: Animal Style
Cloissone, Filigree, Repousse
Church Music: single
line of melody sung to
500-750 AD Subsistence economy Holy Roman Empire (955 AD) The Palatine Chapel of Latin texts without
Carolingian (Frank) Otto I :Battle of Lechfeld :Emperor Cannon Law, Excommunication, Charlemagne at Aachen, harmony or instrument:
750-900 AD of the Holy Roman Empire Interdiction Gospel books Gregorian Chant
Ottonian (German) Polyphonic Music:
900-1000 AD Organum, Motet:
Guillaume de Machaut
Romanesque Feudalism= Comitatus(Germanic)+ 1054 AD Greek Orthodox Christianity and Priest influence: Minstrels: chanting long
1000-1150 AD Patron and Client System or Master separation Cathedral of St. Pierre, poems about heroic
and Slave Relations(Roman), Lord Latin Cross Style, Pisa deeds: Song of Roland
and Vassal Fresco, Tapestry Troubadours, trouveres
Manorial System: Lord of the
Manor vs. farmers, villeins or serfs
John of England: Magna Carta
Gothic Crusade war Paris University, Oxford and The Cathedral of Chartres, Notre Anonymous literature
1150-1350 AD Rise of the national monarchies Cambridge Universities Dame de Paris, Reims, The Chanson de Roland
Trade: Hanseatic League, Theology Cathedral of Amiens Roman de Renart, King
Champagne trade expo, Bourgeois Travels of Marco Polo(1271- Arthur and the knights
Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453 AD) 1295 AD) of the Round Table,
Liturgical Play, Mystery
Play, Miracle Play
Italian Renaissance The great famine (1315-1317 AD) The Great Schism: Avignon vs. Leonardo da Vinci: (1452-
1350-1500 AD Rome (1378-1417 AD) 1519):The Annunciation, Virgin
Black Death (1346-1350 AD) Johann Gutenberg printed bible on the Rocks, The Last Supper,
Alchemists Mona Lisa
Christopher Columbus (1492) Michelangelo: (1472-1564):
Pieta, David, Moses, Sistine
Chapel: The Last Judgement,
Chief architect: St. Peter’s
Basilica
Raphael: (1483-1520), The
Marriage of the Virgin, Madonna
with Goldfinch, The School of
Athens, Pope Fulius 2

16. Homework
• Art work for Leonardo da Vinci and Michael
Angelo
• Table for 1500-1900 AD.
• Late homework -2 per week.
• Medieval Exam on January 25, 2010.