This document provides an introduction and overview of microscopes. It discusses the basic parts of a microscope including the eyepiece, objective lenses, stage, and condenser lens. It explains how to properly use and focus a microscope. The document also covers the different types of microscopes, including compound, stereoscopic, electron, and specialized microscopes. It provides descriptions of optical and electron microscopes and their distinguishing features.

1. Introduction to the
Microscope
Care
Parts
Focusing

2. •
•
•
•
•
Always carry with 2 hands
Only use lens paper for cleaning
Do not force knobs
Always store covered
Keep objects clear of desk and cords

3. • Place the Slide on the
Microscope
• Use Stage Clips
• Click Nosepiece to the lowest
(shortest) setting
• Look into the Eyepiece
• Use the Coarse Focus

4. •
•
•
•
Follow steps to focus using low power
Click the nosepiece to the longest objective
Do NOT use the Coarse Focusing Knob
Use the Fine Focus Knob to bring the slide
What can you find on your slide?

7. •
•
•
•
Simple
Compound
Stereoscopic
Electron

8. Simple Microscope
• Similar to a magnifying glass and has only
one lense.

9. Compound Microscope
• Lets light pass through an object and then
through two or more lenses.

10. Stereoscopic Microscope
• Gives a three dimensional view of an
object. (Examples: insects and leaves)

11. Electron Microscope
•
Uses a magnetic field to bend beams of electrons; instead of using lenses
to bend beams of light.

12. A Lense
• Enlarges an image and bends the light
toward your eye.

13. Eyepiece Lense
Usually has a power of 10 x

14. Eyepiece Lense
X
Objective Lense
=
Total Magnification

15. Low Power = 4 x
Medium Power = 10 x
High Power = 40 x

16. CLASSIFICATIONS OF
MICROSCOPE
•OPTICAL
•ELECTRON

17. OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
• MAGNIFICATION POWER IS
LIMITED BY THE SMALLEST WAVE
LENGTH ( 4000 ANGSTROMS)
• 1 ANGSTROM= 1 X 10-10 m.

18. • ANTON VAN
LEEUWENHOEK• Invented the first
optical microscope

19. ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
• USES ELCTRON TO LIGHT
AN OBJECT. THIS TYPE OF
MICROSCOPE CAN
RSOLVE MUCH SMALLER
OBJECTS DOWN TO A
WAVELENGHT OF 0.5
ANGSTROM

20. LOUIS DE BROGLIE
• DEVELOPED
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
• TOGETHER WITH
GEORGE THOMSON

21. ERNST RUSKA
• MADE THE FIRST
CRUDE
ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE .

22. TYPES OF OPTICAL
MICROSCOPE

23. • 1. SIMPLE MICROSCOPE
–TH SIMPLEST FORM OF
MICROSCOPE WHICH
CONSISTS OF ONE DOUBLE
CONVS LENS WITH A SHORT
FOCAL LENGTH . THE LENS IS
CAPABEL OG MAGNIFYING AN
OBJECT FROM 15 X TO 2000X

24. COMPOUND MICROSCOPE
• USES VISIBLE LIGHT TO PRODUCE
A MAGNIFID IMAGE OF AN OBJECT
• COMPOSED OF OBJECTIVE LENS
AND OCULAR LENS.

25. SPECIAL PURPOSE OF
OPTICAL MICROSCOPE
• STEOREOSCOPIC M
ICROSCOPE
– PRODUCES A 3DIMENSIONAL IMAGE
THAT HAS ITS RIGHT SIDE
UP

26. ULTRAVIOLET
MICROSCOPE
• USES ULTRAVIOLET
Wavelength OF THE
SPECTRUM INSTAD OF
VISIBLE WAVELENGTH.

27. PETROGRAPHIC
MICROSCOPE
• USED TO IDENTIFY
AND ESTIMATE THE
MINERAL CONTENT OF
IGNEOUS AND
MTAMORPHIC ROCKS.

28. DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE
• USES LIGHTING IN THE
FORM OF A HOLLOW
INTENSE CONE OF LIGHT
CONCENTRATD ON TH
SPECIMEN.

29. TYPES OF ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
• 1. SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROSCOPE
- USING ELECTRONS TO
MAGNIFY OBJECTS.
- 100000 UP TO A MILLION
TIMES.

30. TRANSMISSION ELECTRON
M ICROSCOPE
• CAPABLE UP TO 1
MILLION TIMES
MAGNIFICATION

31. Eyepiece
Body Tube
Revolving Nosepiece
Objective Lens
Stage Clips
Diaphragm
Light
Arm
Stage
Coarse Focus
Fine Focus
Base

32. Microscope
One or more lense that makes an enlarged image of an
object.

33. STAND
• MADE OF HEAVY
FOOT AND A HORSESHOE SHAPED BASE
THAT SUPPORTS THE
MICROSCOPE

34. BODY TUBE
• CYLINDRICAL PART
WHERE THE LENSES ARE
ATTACHED AND CAN BE
RAISED OR LOWERED FOR
BETTER FOCUSING.

35. COARSE
ADJUSTMENT KNOB
• THIS IS DONE
AFTR THE
OBJECTIVE LENS
IS LOWERE NEAR
THE OBJECT.

36. FINE ADJUSTMENT
KNOB
•FOR FURTHER
FOCUSING OF
AN OBJECT

37. STAGE
• A PLATFORM WITH AN
OPENING TO LET THE
LIGHT PASS WHERE THE
SPECIMEN IN A GLASS
SLID IS PLACED.

38. STAGE CLIPS
• KEEP THE
GLASS SLIDE IN
PLACE SO THAT
IT WILL NOT
MOVE.

39. ARM
• CONNECTS THE
BAS AND STAGE
WITH THE TUBE

40. OPTICAL PARTS
•1. DRAW
TUBE
•- HOLDS THE
EYEPIECE

41. EYEPIECE
• LOCATED AT THE TOP
OF THE BODY TUBE. IT IS
THE PART WHER YOU
PEEP DURING AN
OBSERVATION

42. OBJECTIVES
• LENS LOCATED
NEAR TH OBJCT
MAGNIFIS UP TO
90 X

43. • 4X- LOW POWRED
• 10 X- MEDIUM POWERED
• 40 X- HIGHPOWERED
• 100X- OIL IMMERSION

44. REVOLVING NOSE
PIECE
LOCATED AT THE
BOTTOM OF THE
BODY TUBE WHICH
CARRIES THE
MAGNIFYING LENSES
OBJECTIVES

45. MIRROR
• USED TO FOCUS
RAYS OF THE
LIGHT SOURCE
TOWARD THE
OBJECT

46. DIAPHRAGM
• CONTROLS THE
AMOUNT OF
LIGHT THAT NTRS
TH STAGE
OPENING

47. CONDENSER LENS
• USED TO FURTHER
CONTROL THE LIGHT
AS NEEDED.

48. • OTHER TOOLS
USED IN
SCIENTIFIC
INVESTIGATIONS

49. AUTOCLAVE
• LIKE AN OVEN USED
TO STRELIZE
CONTAINERS ,
INSTRUMENTS AND
OTHER MATRIALS
USED IN EXPERIMENT

50. CENTRIFUGE
• A MACHINE USED
TO SEPARATE
COMPONENTS OF A
MIXTURE SOLIDS
AND LIQUIDS

51. • IT ROTATES VERY
FAST AND BY
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
THE SOLIDS ARE
EITHER PRECIPITATED
OR SEPARATED FROM
THE MIXTURE

52. COMPUTER
• THIS IS AN INDESPENSABLE
TOOL IN ANY RESEARCH. IT
CAN STORE DATA, ACQUIR
INFORMATION FAST VIA
INTERNET, MAKS
INTRPRETS GRAPHS VERY
FAST

53. SPECTROPHOTOMETER
• SPECTROMETER- PRODUCE
LIGHT OF ANY COLOR
• PHOTOMETER- MEASURES
INTNSITY OF LIGHT