Microprocessor Trends.pptx

Chapters
Chapter one Introduction of Microprocessor
Chapter two Microprocessor Trends( 1971 to 2022
)
Chapter three Microprocessor Comparison
Chapter four Conclusion of Microprocessor
12/8/2022 PRESENTATION TITLE 2

Chapter One
Introduction of
Microprocessor

Computer
A computer is a
programmable electronic
device that accepts input,
performs mathematical and
logical processes as
directed quickly, and
displays the outcomes.

Main components for Computer :
1.Input Unit
2.Output Unit
3.Memory Unit
4.Control Unit

Input device
An input device is a piece of equipment used to provide
data and control signals to an information processing
system,

Output Devices
An output device is any hardware device used to send data
from a computer to another device or user.

Memory unite
A memory unit is the amount of data that the memory can
hold

Control unite
• A control unit, or CU, is circuitry within a computer's processor
that directs operations.
• It instructs the memory, logic unit, and both output and input devices
of the computer on how to respond to the program's instructions.

Microprocessor

Microprocessor
A microprocessor is a computer processor where the data processing ,
logic and control is included on a single integrated circuit .
The microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry
required to perform the functions of a computer's central processing
unit.

Example of Microprocessor
• Intel 386,
• Intel 486
• Pentium
• Pentium Pro
• Pentium II,

Microprocessor types
1. RISC stands for Reduced Instruction Set Computer
2. CISC stands for Complex Instruction Set Computer.

RISC ( Reduced Instruction Set Computer )
To execute an instruction, a number of steps are required.
By the control unit of the processor, a number of control
signals are generated for each step. To execute each
instruction, this approach of the design of the control section
of the processor is called RISC .
Examples of RISC processors are:
•DEC's Alpha 21064, 21164 and 21264 processors;
•SUN's SPARC and ULTRA SPARC;
•PowerPC processors etc.

CISC (Complex Instruction Set Computer )
If the control unit contains a number of micro electronic
circuitry to generate a set of control signals and each micro
circuitry is activated by a microcode, this design approach is
called CISC design..
Examples of CISC processors are:
•Intel 386, 486;
•Pentium Pro, Pentium, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4;
•Motorola's 68000, 68020, 68030, 68040, etc.

Difference between RISC and
CISC

Chapter Two
Microprocessor Trends
( 1971 to 2022 )

The first microprocessor invent
• It was invented at March 1971
• Intel® 4004 became the first general-purpose
programmable processor
• Made with cutting-edge silicon-gate technology

Intel® 4004
 The 4-bit Microprocessor
 invented in the year 1971 by Stanley Mazor & Ted Hoff.
 clock speed of this microprocessor is 740 KHz.
 microprocessor is 2,300 and instruction per second is 60K
 The number of pins of this microprocessor is 16.

Generations of
microprocessors:
First-generation –
From 1971 to 1972 the era of the first generation came
which brought microprocessors like INTEL 4004 Rockwell
international PPS-4 INTEL 8008 etc.
Second generation –
The second generation marked the development of 8-bit
microprocessors from 1973 to 1978. Processors like INTEL
8085 Motorola 6800 and 6801 etc came into existence.

Generations of
microprocessors:
Third generation –
The third generation brought forward the 16-bit processors like INTEL
8086/80186/80286 Motorola 68000 68010 etc. From 1979 to 1980 this generation
used the HMOs technology.
Fourth generation –
The fourth generation came into existence from 1981 to 1995. The 32-bit processors
using HMOS fabrication came into existence. INTEL 80386 and Motorola 68020 are
some of the popular processors of this generation.
Fifth-generation –
From 1995 till now we are in the fifth generation. 64-bit processors like PENTIUM,
Celeron, and dual, quad and octa-core processors came into existence.

Evolution of Microprocessors
Table
Name
Year of
Invention
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors
Inst. per sec
INTEL
4004/4040
1971 by
Ted Hoff
and Stanley
Mazor
740 kHz 2300 60,000
4 bit

Table
Name Year Clock speed
Number of
transistors
Inst. per sec
8008 1972 500 kHz 3500 50,000
8080 1974 2 MHz 6000
10 times
faster than
8008
8085 1976 (16-bit address bus) 3 MHz 6500 769230
8 bit

Table
8086
1978 (multiply and divide instruction, 16-bit data bus and 20-
bit address bus)
4.77 MHz, 8
MHz, 10 MHz
29000 2.5 Million
8088 1979 (cheaper version of 8086 and 8-bit external bus) 2.5 Million
80186/80188
1982 (80188 cheaper version of 80186, and additional
components like interrupt controller, clock generator, local
bus controller, counters)
6 MHz
80286 1982 (data bus 16bit and address bus 24 bit) 8 MHz 134000 4 Million
16 bit
Year
Name
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors

Table
INTEL 80386
1986 (other versions 80386DX, 80386SX, 80386SL ,
and data bus 32-bit address bus 32 bit)
16 MHz – 33 MHz 275000
INTEL 80486
1986 (other versions 80486DX, 80486SX, 80486DX2,
80486DX4)
16 MHz – 100 MHz
1.2 Million
transistors
8 KB of cache
memory
PENTIUM 1993 66 MHz
Cache memory 8
bit for instructions 8
bit for data
32 bit
Year
Name
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors

Table
INTEL core 2
2006 (other versions core2 duo, core2 quad, core2
extreme)
1.2 GHz to 3 GHz
291 Million
transistors
64 KB of L1 cache
per core 4 MB of
L2 cache
I
N
T
E
L
c
o
r
e
2
i3, i5, i7 2007, 2009, 2010
2.2GHz – 3.3GHz, 2.4GHz
– 3.6GHz, 2.93GHz –
3.33GHz
i
3
,
i
5
,
i
7
64 bit
Year
Name
Clock
speed
Number of
transistors

Last release processor
Intel Core i9-13900K
Release date :march 2022
Cores: 16
Threads: 32
Base clock: 4.5GHz
Boost clock: 5.7GHz
L3 cache: 80MB
TDP: 170W

40 years of microprocessor
trend data

Chapter Three
Microprocessor
Comparison

Compare microprocessors
 Microprocessors are generally compared in terms of
Power, Performance and Area.
 The comparison should only be done in respective design
segments.

Compare several CPUs in the
proper manner.
 Clock speed and cores are the most heavily
advertised aspects of processors.
 Check Single-Threaded Performance
 Cache Performance
 Integrated Graphics

Comparing two Microprocessor
1. Intel Core i7 13700K
2. AMD Ryzen 7 7800X

General Compare
Vendor Intel AMD
Released September 27, 2022 January 10, 2023
Type Desktop Desktop
instruction set x86-64 x86-64
Codename Raptor Lake-S Raphael
Model number i7-13700K -
Socket LGA-1700 AM5
Integrated GPU UHD Graphics 770 Radeon Graphics

Performance compare
Cores 16 10
Threads 24 20
Base Frequency 3.4 GHz 4.5 GHz
Turbo Boost
Frequency
5.3 GHz 5.4 GHz
Bus frequency 100 MHz 100 MHz
Multiplier 34x 45x
L1 Cache 80K (per core) -
L2 Cache 2MB (per core) 1MB (per core)
L3 Cache 30MB (shared) 40MB (shared)
Unlocked Multiplier Yes Yes
Intel AMD

Fabrication
process
10 nm 5 nm
TDP 125 W 105 W
Max.
temperatur
e
100°C 95°C
Memory
types
DDR5-5600,
DDR4-3200
DDR5-5200
Memory
Size
128 GB 128 GB
Max.
Memory
Channels
2 2
Max.
Memory
Bandwidth
89.6 GB/s -
ECC
Support
Yes
Power Memory support
Intel
AMD
Intel
AMD

Benchmarks

Review

Key Differences
Advantages of Intel Core i7 13700K
•Has 6 more physical cores
Advantages of AMD Ryzen 7 7800X
•More modern manufacturing process – 5 versus 10
nanometers
•Has 10 MB larger L3 cache size
•Consumes up to 16% less energy than the Core i7 13700K
– 105 vs 125 Watt
•2% higher Turbo Boost frequency (5.4 GHz vs 5.3 GHz)

Chapter Four
Conclusion of
Microprocessor

Benefits of a Microprocessor
 Don't cost a lot :Microprocessors don't cost much to
produce.
 Fast: operate at incredibly high speeds--today's
microprocessors can execute millions of instructions per
second.
 consume little power: Don’t consume a lot of power
 Versatile: chip can be used for numerous applications as
long as the programming is changed, making it incredibly
versatile.

The future of Microprocessors
 Multiple cores and customization will be the major drivers
for future microprocessor performance (total chip
performance).
 Multiple cores can increase computational throughput
(such as a 1x4x increase could result from four cores),
and customization can reduce execution latency.

Intel performance over time

Intel power over time
 1980 processors need no heat sinks for cooling .
 Today big heat sinks, often with one or more dedicated
fans needed for increase airflow over the processor.

Intel power over time

HARDWARE ADVANTAGES will get
in future.
 A more powerful input-output device can be connected.
 Can get more advantage of RAM.
 Data can retrieve faster.
 Graphics cards can give their 100 percent output.

Summary
Microprocessor reduces cost of processing power,increases
reliability focuses on real time applications and it is faster in
speed also.It is used in smallest embedded system to largest main
frames and super computers.

References
1.^ "NMOS versus PMOS".
2. "The Story of the Intel 4004". Intel.
3.^ "Perkin Elmer - Micralign Projection Mask Alignment System".
4.^ "The MOS 6502 and the Best Layout Guy in the World". swtch.com. 2011-01-03. Retrieved 2014-08-09.
5.^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j Belzer, Jack; Holzman, Albert G.; Kent, Allen (1978). Encyclopedia of Computer Science and
Technology: Volume 10 - Linear and Matrix Algebra to Microorganisms: Computer-Assisted Identification. CRC Press.
p. 402. ISBN 9780824722609.
6.^ Ogdin 1975, pp. 57–59, 77
7.^ Jump up to:a b c d "1970s: Development and evolution of microprocessors" (PDF). Semiconductor History Museum of
Japan. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-06-27. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
8.^ Ogdin 1975, pp. 72, 77
9.^ "Rockwell PPS-4". The Antique Chip Collector's Page. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
10.^ Ryoichi Mori; Hiroaki Tajima; Morihiko Tajima; Yoshikuni Okada (October 1977). "Microprocessors in
Japan". Euromicro Newsletter. 3 (4): 50–7 (51, Table 2.2). doi:10.1016/0303-1268(77)90111-0.
11.^ "NEC 751 (uCOM-4)". The Antique Chip Collector's Page. Archived from the original on 2011-05-25. Retrieved 2010-
06-11.

Microprocessor Trends.pptx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Microprocessor Trends.pptx

Similar to Microprocessor Trends.pptx (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Microprocessor Trends.pptx