This document provides an overview of microprocessors and microcontrollers presented by Mrs. C. Kalieswari. It begins with definitions of a microprocessor as a CPU built on a single chip that takes binary input, performs arithmetic and logical operations according to a stored program, and provides output. Block diagrams and histories of early 4-bit and 8-bit microprocessors like the Intel 4004 and 8008 are presented. The evolution of microprocessors to 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit designs is summarized. Processor architectures including Von Neumann, Harvard, and super Harvard are defined. Finally, the topics to be covered in the unit on the 8085 processor are listed.

1. 19EC43C – MICROPROCESSOR & MICROCONTROLLER
PRESENTED BY,
Mrs.C.Kalieswari,
Assistant Professor / ECE,
-National Engineering College, K.R.Nagar, Kovilpatti.
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2. Microprocessor
 A CPU built into a single LSI/VLSI chip is called a
microprocessor.
 The word come from the combination of micro(very
small size) and processor (process means to manipulate
eg. certain operations on numbers)
Definition
 It is a programmable device that takes in binary
numbers, performs on them the arithmetic and logical
operations according to the program stored in memory
and then provides result as output.
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3. MicroProcessor
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4. Block Diagram of
Microprocessor
based System
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5. History of
Microprocessor
1971 –Intel 4004 - 4 bit μp
1972 –Intel 8008 - 8 bit μp
1973 –Intel 8080 - 8 bit μp
1974 –Motorolla 6800 - 8 bit μp
1976 –Zilog 80 - 8 bit μp
1976 –Intel 8085 - 8 bit μp
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6. History of
Microprocessor
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Closeup of IMSAI
8080 front panel
INTEL 8088
Computer INTEL 80286
Computer
INTEL 80386 Computer INTEL Pentium Processors

7. Evolution of
Microprocessor
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8. Evolution of
Microprocessor
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First Generation (4 - bit Microprocessors)
 The first generation microprocessors were introduced in the year
1971-1972 by Intel Corporation. It was named Intel 4004 since it
was a 4-bit processor.
 It was a processor on a single chip.
Second Generation (8 - bit Microprocessor)
 The second generation microprocessors were introduced in 1973
again by Intel. It was a first 8 - bit microprocessor which could
perform arithmetic and logic operations on 8-bit words. It was Intel
8008, and another improved version was Intel 8088.
Third Generation (16 - bit Microprocessor)
 The third generation microprocessors, introduced in 1978 were
represented by Intel's 8086, Zilog Z800 and 80286, which were 16
- bit processors with a performance like minicomputers.

9. Evolution of
Microprocessor
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Fourth Generation (32 - bit Microprocessors)
 Several different companies introduced the 32-bit microprocessors,
but the most popular one is the Intel 80386.
Fifth Generation (64 - bit Microprocessors)
 From 1995 to now we are in the fifth generation. After 80856, Intel
came out with a new processor namely Pentium processor followed
by Pentium Pro CPU, which allows multiple CPUs in a single
system to achieve multiprocessing.
 Other improved 64-bit processors are Celeron, Dual, Quad, Octa
Core processors.

10. Architectures of
Processors
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Von Neumann Architecture
 It uses same single physical memory for program and data.
 Execution of process is relatively low because not possible to fetch
and execute code simultaneously.
 Simple chip design because only one memory is accessed.
Von Neumann Architecture

11. Architectures of
Processors
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Harvard Architecture
 It uses separate physical memory for program and data.
 Execution of instructions are done faster because fetching of code
and data are done separate.
 Chip design is complex because only separate memory.
Harvard Architecture

12. Architectures of
Processors
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Super Harvard Architecture
 The SHARC is a Harvard Architecture word addressed
VLIW processor; each address is used to point to a whole 32-bit
word.
Super Harvard Architecture

13. UNIT I- 8085
PROCESSOR
 Hardware Architecture
 Pinouts
 Functional Building Blocks of Processor
 Memory organization
 I/O ports and data transfer concepts
 Timing Diagram
 Interrupts.
CO1: Understands the internal
architecture and organization of 8085
Microprocessor (K1).
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