The document provides an overview of microprocessor organization. It discusses that a microprocessor functions as the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, providing computational control. It has different components like the CPU, I/O, buses, control unit, registers, cache memory, and ALU. The microprocessor can be programmed to perform functions on given data by reading instructions one at a time and performing the specified data manipulation. Necessary tools for a microprocessor include the CPU, I/O, address and data buses, control unit, special and general purpose registers, L1 and L2 cache memory, and buses.

1. MICROPROCESSOR ORGANIZATION
R.PAVITHRA
I-MSc(it)

2. MICROPROCESSOR
 Micro processor is an electronic circuit that
functions as the central processing
unit(CPU)of a computer, providing
computational control.
 The microprocessor,(or CPU),is the brain of
the computer.
 A microprocessor is “a component that
implements memory”.
 Microprocessor is the core of the system.

3. MICRO PROCESSOR IMAGE

4. OPRATION TYPES IN MICROPROCCESSOR
 All of the operations of the microprocessor
can be classified into one of three types:
 Micro processor initiated operation
 Internal operations
 Peripheral initiated operations

5. MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
 The microprocessor can be programmed to
perform functions on given data by writing
specific instruction into its memory.
 The microprocessor reads one instruction at a time
,matches it with its instruction set, and performs the
data manipulation specified.
 The result is either stored back into memory or
display on an output device.

6. NECESSARY TOOLS FOR MICROPROCESSOR
 CPU:Central processing unit
 I/O:Input/output
 Bus: Address bus&databus
 CU:Timing and control unit
 Special and General purpose Register
 L1&L2 Cache Mmeory
 Bus Inheritance

7. BLACK DIAGRAM OF MICROPROCESSOR

8. TIMING AND CONTROL UNIT
 CPU is partitioned into A.L.U&C.U.
 The function of control unit is to generate the
relevant timing&control singnals to all
operation in the computer.
 It controls the flow of the data between the
pricessor & memory &peripherals.

9. ARITHMETIC &LOGIC UNIT
 An arithmetic-logic
unit(ALU) is the part of a
CPU that carries out
arithmetic and logic
operations on the
operands in computer
instruction words.
 The ALU includes
storage places for input
operands, that are being
added, the accumulated
result(stored in an
accumulator), and
shifted results.

10. L1&L2 CACHE MEMORY
 L1 and L2 are levels of
cache memory in a
computer.
 “Level-1” cache memory
of cache memory,
usually bulit onto the
microprocessor chip
itself.
 L2 (that’s level-2) cache
memory is on a separate
chip(possibly on an
experience card) that
can be accessed more
quickly than the
larger”main”memory.

11. SPECIAL &GENERAL PURPOSE REGISTER
 General purpose register can be used as
either data or address register.
 There are 6 general purpose registers
namely B,C,D,E,H,L.
 Each of them is a 8-bit registers.
 They are used to hold data and results.
 To hold 16 bit data, combination of two 8-bits
registers can be used.

12. BUS INTERFACE
 The bus interface unit is the part of the
processor that interfaces with the rest of the PC.
 It deals with moving information over the
processor data bus, the primary conduit for the
transfer of information to and from the CPU.
 The bus interface unit is responsible for
responding to all signals that go to the
processor, and generating all signals that go
from the processor to other parts of the system.

13. DATA BUS
 A collection of wires in which data is
transmitted from one computer to another
external drive.
 The data bus carries digital information.
 The data bus is connected to the inputs of
several gates and to the outputs of several
gates.

14. ADDRESS BUS
 An address bus is a computer bus(a series of
lines connecting two or more devices) that is
used to specify a physical address.
 The width of the address bus determines the
amount of memory a system can address.
 It transfer the address of the location.

15. ADDRESS BUS MEMORY CAPACITY CHART
 Address bus size
20 bits
24 bits
32 bits
36 bits
40 bits
44bits
 Maximum RAM
1mb
16mb
4 gb
64gb
1tb
16tb

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