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sample collection, transport and storage for microbiology lab.methodes of sample collection,sotrage and transport.microbiological analysis of specimens like urine, stool, blood, pus etc
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Microbiology Presentation.pptx
this presentation is about the sample collection, storage and trasnport of specimens for microbiological analysis to a clinical laboratory. this presentation is suitable and usefull for those who are working in aclinical microbiology laboratory like technicians, laboraotory scientists, nurses and phleobotamist.
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Microbiology Presentation.pptx
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Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
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Microbiology Presentation - Copy.pptx
- 1. Human Medical Laboratory Clinical Microbiology Department Presented By: Shahid Zadran
- 2. What is Microbial culture? Laboratory microbial culture means “Selectively Growing” infectious M.Os If infection is suspected, before going to start random Antibiotic therapy Doctors should advice the patient to perform culture and sensitivity testing.
- 3. Importance of Microbial culture Determine the CAUSE of infectious diseases To find the right antibiotic for infection control To reduce antimicrobial resistivity
- 4. Anti-microbial Resistivity (AMR) Major public health threat Worldwide It is not a future prediction But happening now in every region and affect anyone WHO: 350 MILLION deaths are expected by 2050 due to AMR
- 5. Why Physicians prefer culture? Wrong Antibiotics use will pull you down 6 feet Underground
- 6. HML Microbiology Department Three Sections Media Preparation Culture Waste Management
- 8. Culture Room
- 10. List of Microbial culture performed in HML All Body fluids culture and sensitivity Wound/pus and all kind of swab culture and sensitivity Tissue and biopsy culture and sensitivity Stool culture and sensitivity Fungal culture and sensitivity Water and food culture for infectious microorganisms Hospitals OT, Equipment, beds and surfaces sterility checking for microbes All kind of bacterial and fungal staining tests.
- 11. Importance of Specimen collection, labelling, transport and storage Improper specimen collection, labelling, transport and storage leads to false laboratory investigation, long hospital stay, wrong treatment, waste of time and economic loss. Right Specimen Right Lab Report Right Treatment
- 12. Guidelines for Specimen Collection Aseptic precautions Anatomic sites and locations Adequate amount/volume Proper timing Clinical laboratory request form Use of proper container Instruction to the patient Before the administration of antibiotics Avoid contamination of specimens Use of transport media Proper handling ,labelling and transportation
- 13. SPECIMEN TRANSPORT Specimen transport condition Within 2 hours of collection Containers should be leak-proof Separate section for paperwork Special preservatives or transport media Biohazard label
- 14. Criteria for rejection of specimens: Say “No” to process every sample which do not fulfill the criteria for proper sample collection, transport and storage. Sample must be rejected if: Missing or inadequate information and request form Insufficient quantity Specimen collected in an inappropriate container Contamination suspected Inappropriate transport or storage Unknown time delay
- 15. Workflow in HML Microbiology Dept Example: CSF Day 1st Physical Examination: Biochemical Examination Microscopic Examination Staining: Gram stain, AFB, India Ink and wet preparations (A primary report is given to the physician to decide the treatment direction.) Culture of CSF on suitable Culture Media
- 16. Day 2nd and Onwards: Examine and report Culture result Post staining Antimicrobial susceptibility tests Final report to physician
- 17. Why other labs fail in proper microbiology report? Lack of knowledge about microbes and their characteristics Improper collection, transport and storage Unsuitable growth environment Use of Undefined and non-selective culture media Contamination No Growth reporting
- 18. Our Future Aims and Goals To aware the society about the importance of C&S To educate people about the harm in misuse of antibiotics To provide clinical microbiology services in all provinces of AFG To find the AMR level in the people of AFG To reduce the AMR level in AFG
- 19. THANK YOU