This document provides a history of biotechnology from ancient to modern times. It describes how early civilizations first domesticated plants and animals, leading to the beginnings of food preservation techniques like fermentation and vinegar production. Advances in microscopy allowed the discovery of microorganisms and antibiotics. Modern biotechnology is based on developments in genetics research and recombinant DNA technology, allowing manipulation of genetic material. Key figures who contributed include Mendel, Watson, Crick, Fleming and Borlaug.
This document provides a history of biotechnology from ancient to modern times. It describes how ancient civilizations began domesticating plants and animals for food production, and developed early food preservation methods like fermentation, cheese-making, and vinegar production. Classical biotech expanded on these methods. Modern biotechnology is based on advances in genetics research and recombinant DNA technology that allow genetic manipulation. Key figures who advanced biotechnology through discoveries like microscopy, genetics laws, antibiotics, and DNA structure are also outlined.
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or biological processes to develop technologies and products. It has a long history dating back thousands of years to food preservation techniques. Key developments include the science of genetics in the 19th century which led to hybrid plants and animals, and the discovery of cells and germs in the 1600s-1800s which advanced medicine and disease treatment. Modern biotechnology applies techniques like genetic engineering, where genes can be transferred between organisms, and has applications in healthcare, agriculture, and industry. While it offers benefits, some disadvantages include risks of antibiotic resistant bacteria or new allergies.
This document provides an overview of a food microbiology course. It will cover microorganisms related to food, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and helminthes. It discusses how these microbes can cause foodborne illness or spoilage. The history of food microbiology from early human practices to modern contributions from scientists like Pasteur, Koch, and Watson and Crick will also be reviewed. Current issues and concerns in food microbiology include food loss to spoilage and demands for a safer global food supply.
Plant biotechnology involves manipulating plant genes to improve economically important plant species. It chiefly involves introducing foreign genes into plants to change their characteristics and produce novel products, resulting in crop improvement. Some key applications of plant biotechnology include increasing pest and chemical resistance in crops, improving disease resistance and food yield, making plants more suitable to various environmental conditions, and enhancing nutritional quality. Current biotechnology research and development in Ethiopia is still lagging behind and focuses on conventional techniques like plant tissue culture rather than modern recombinant DNA applications.
Biotechnology is the manipulation of living organisms and organic material to benefit human needs. It uses scientific processes to create new organisms or products from existing organisms. Examples include using yeast in bread and alcohol production, beneficial bacteria like penicillin to kill harmful organisms, and cloning of plants and animals. The origins of biotechnology date back to ancient food production methods and selective breeding, but it has advanced significantly since the discovery of DNA and development of recombinant DNA techniques allowing precise genetic modifications. Modern biotechnology is widely used in agriculture, medicine, environmental applications, and other fields.
Hi all! I used different references for this. The link for pros and cons is here.
Reference for pros and cons : https://vittana.org/11-biotechnology-pros-and-cons
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to develop useful products. It has a long history, from early applications like brewing beer and selective breeding of crops thousands of years ago, to modern developments like genetic engineering and DNA sequencing. The document outlines the history of biotechnology in three stages - ancient biotechnology before 1800 which included early agriculture and food preservation, classical biotechnology from 1800-1950s which included discoveries like genetics and antibiotics, and modern biotechnology from the 1950s onward including defining the DNA structure and recombinant DNA techniques. Various branches of modern biotechnology like bioinformatics, green biotechnology, and white biotechnology are also defined.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of biotechnology from ancient times to the present. It discusses how biotechnology has evolved from traditional techniques like selective breeding and fermentation used since ancient civilizations to the modern use of recombinant DNA and genetic engineering. It outlines major milestones like the discovery of DNA's structure, development of techniques like PCR and monoclonal antibodies, and completion of the Human Genome Project. The document serves to give context around the field of biotechnology and how it has advanced over time.
This document provides a history of biotechnology from ancient to modern times. It describes how ancient civilizations began domesticating plants and animals for food production, and developed early food preservation methods like fermentation, cheese-making, and vinegar production. Classical biotech expanded on these methods. Modern biotechnology is based on advances in genetics research and recombinant DNA technology that allow genetic manipulation. Key figures who advanced biotechnology through discoveries like microscopy, genetics laws, antibiotics, and DNA structure are also outlined.
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or biological processes to develop technologies and products. It has a long history dating back thousands of years to food preservation techniques. Key developments include the science of genetics in the 19th century which led to hybrid plants and animals, and the discovery of cells and germs in the 1600s-1800s which advanced medicine and disease treatment. Modern biotechnology applies techniques like genetic engineering, where genes can be transferred between organisms, and has applications in healthcare, agriculture, and industry. While it offers benefits, some disadvantages include risks of antibiotic resistant bacteria or new allergies.
This document provides an overview of a food microbiology course. It will cover microorganisms related to food, including bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, viruses, and helminthes. It discusses how these microbes can cause foodborne illness or spoilage. The history of food microbiology from early human practices to modern contributions from scientists like Pasteur, Koch, and Watson and Crick will also be reviewed. Current issues and concerns in food microbiology include food loss to spoilage and demands for a safer global food supply.
Plant biotechnology involves manipulating plant genes to improve economically important plant species. It chiefly involves introducing foreign genes into plants to change their characteristics and produce novel products, resulting in crop improvement. Some key applications of plant biotechnology include increasing pest and chemical resistance in crops, improving disease resistance and food yield, making plants more suitable to various environmental conditions, and enhancing nutritional quality. Current biotechnology research and development in Ethiopia is still lagging behind and focuses on conventional techniques like plant tissue culture rather than modern recombinant DNA applications.
Biotechnology is the manipulation of living organisms and organic material to benefit human needs. It uses scientific processes to create new organisms or products from existing organisms. Examples include using yeast in bread and alcohol production, beneficial bacteria like penicillin to kill harmful organisms, and cloning of plants and animals. The origins of biotechnology date back to ancient food production methods and selective breeding, but it has advanced significantly since the discovery of DNA and development of recombinant DNA techniques allowing precise genetic modifications. Modern biotechnology is widely used in agriculture, medicine, environmental applications, and other fields.
Hi all! I used different references for this. The link for pros and cons is here.
Reference for pros and cons : https://vittana.org/11-biotechnology-pros-and-cons
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to develop useful products. It has a long history, from early applications like brewing beer and selective breeding of crops thousands of years ago, to modern developments like genetic engineering and DNA sequencing. The document outlines the history of biotechnology in three stages - ancient biotechnology before 1800 which included early agriculture and food preservation, classical biotechnology from 1800-1950s which included discoveries like genetics and antibiotics, and modern biotechnology from the 1950s onward including defining the DNA structure and recombinant DNA techniques. Various branches of modern biotechnology like bioinformatics, green biotechnology, and white biotechnology are also defined.
This document provides an overview of the history and development of biotechnology from ancient times to the present. It discusses how biotechnology has evolved from traditional techniques like selective breeding and fermentation used since ancient civilizations to the modern use of recombinant DNA and genetic engineering. It outlines major milestones like the discovery of DNA's structure, development of techniques like PCR and monoclonal antibodies, and completion of the Human Genome Project. The document serves to give context around the field of biotechnology and how it has advanced over time.
1. The history of biotechnology can be divided into 3 stages - ancient, classical, and modern. Ancient biotech involved early applications related to food and shelter. Classical biotech built on these techniques and promoted fermentation. Modern biotech manipulates genetic information through techniques like genetic engineering.
2. Biotechnology has 5 main branches - animal, medical, environmental, industrial, and plant. Animal biotech improves livestock through techniques like artificial insemination, cloning, and transgenic animals. Medical biotech develops drugs and treatments.
3. Environmental biotech applies bioprocesses to clean pollution through bioremediation. Industrial biotech uses organisms to produce chemicals. Plant biotech engineers crops for desired traits like pest
This document discusses the history and scope of microbiology. It begins by defining microbiology as the study of microorganisms, which are tiny creatures that can only be seen under a microscope. It then describes the branches of microbiology, including pure microbiology which focuses on taxonomy and integration of microbes, and applied microbiology which examines medical, veterinary, industrial, and other applications. The document continues by outlining the major groups of microorganisms and how they are named and classified. It concludes with an overview of the key discoveries and scientists that helped establish microbiology as a field, including the germ theory of disease and development of antibiotics.
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms. The document provides an overview of the topics covered in microbiology including the scope, importance, characteristics, and history of microorganisms. It discusses the early discoveries of microbes through microscopes in the 1600s and 1700s. It also summarizes the theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis, and how experiments by Pasteur and Koch helped prove that microbes cause disease rather than spontaneous generation.
The document provides a history of microbiology from its early beginnings to modern applications. It describes key early scientists like Van Leeuwenhoek who first observed microbes, and Linnaeus who developed a taxonomy system. Later, scientists like Pasteur and Koch established germ theory and methods to study microbes. Their work led to understanding fermentation and the microbial causes of disease. Today, microbiology involves understanding biochemical reactions, genetics, molecular biology, and applications like bioremediation, disease prevention, and recombinant DNA technology. The future of microbiology relies on continued scientific questioning and discovery.
This document provides a timeline of key developments in biotechnology from 8000 BCE to 2012 CE. Some highlights include the domestication of crops and livestock in 8000-4000 BCE, the use of yeast for leavening bread and fermenting beer in 2000 BCE, the discovery of DNA's role in heredity in the mid-1800s and early 1900s, the development of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA techniques in the 1970s, the launch of the Human Genome Project in 1990, the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, and the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed in 2012. The timeline traces the evolution of biotechnology from early agricultural practices to modern genetic research and applications in medicine.
these slides are prepared for biotechnology student and it is more informative for industrial biotechnology student. Hope you people will get huge knowledge from it.
Biotechnology has been used for thousands of years to produce improved food and healthcare, beginning when early humans domesticated plants and animals. Modern biotechnology applies techniques such as genetic engineering to organisms on a molecular level. Key developments include understanding that DNA carries genetic information, determining the genetic code, and being able to splice genes between organisms. Biotechnology now involves engineering crops for improved nutrition, developing new medicines through microbial fermentation, and manipulating DNA in many other applications.
This document provides an overview of microbiology and microorganisms. It discusses the key topics of microbial classification, the history of microbiology from early observations to modern developments, the roles of microbes in human welfare and disease, and examples of emerging infectious diseases. The document contains detailed information on bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses presented over multiple pages of text and figures.
BIOTECHNOLOGY :- CONCEPT HISTORY AND APPLICATIONutpalkamat
The document discusses the history and concepts of biotechnology. It notes that biotechnology has been used since ancient times in processes like brewing beer and cheese making. Modern biotechnology has advanced with techniques like recombinant DNA, PCR, and gene cloning. The document defines biotechnology as using biological systems like microorganisms and cells to develop useful products and processes. It gives examples of biotechnology applications in medicine, agriculture, and environmental management. India has infrastructure to support biotechnology including research institutions, scientists, colleges, hospitals and companies.
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms too small to be seen without a microscope. Microbes are found everywhere and play important roles in ecosystems and human bodies. While most microbes are harmless or beneficial, some can cause disease. Key figures like van Leeuwenhoek first observed microbes, Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation and established germ theory, Koch linked specific microbes to diseases, Jenner developed the first vaccine, Fleming discovered penicillin, and advances now help detect, treat, and prevent infectious diseases.
Biotechnology is the use of biological processes and organisms to develop technologies and products. It involves using cells, molecules, and genetic information from living things to solve problems and make useful goods. Some key areas of biotechnology include agriculture, medicine, and food science. It combines fields such as genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry. The history of biotechnology dates back thousands of years to early practices like brewing beer and using mold to treat infections, while modern biotechnology has advanced greatly since the 1950s discovery of DNA structure and the ability to genetically modify organisms.
Biotechnology has a long history dating back thousands of years to early practices like brewing beer and wine, but emerged as a modern science in the late 20th century. Key developments included the discovery of DNA's structure in 1953 and the first genetic engineering experiments in the 1970s. The field advanced significantly in the 1980s when the Supreme Court ruled engineered organisms could be patented, fueling growth of the biotech industry. Today biotechnology draws on chemistry, physics and biology and has widespread applications in medicine, agriculture, and more. It plays a crucial role in developing treatments and vaccines.
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to develop useful products. It has been practiced for thousands of years in activities like brewing and baking but the term was coined in 1917. Modern biotechnology applies scientific techniques like genetic engineering to precisely manipulate biological processes. Key developments include the discovery of DNA's structure in 1953 and the first recombinant DNA experiments in 1973, allowing transfer of genes between organisms. Biotechnology now has important applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
This document provides an overview of microbiology and the history of the field. It discusses key topics like the discovery of microorganisms under the microscope in the 1600s and 1700s. Landmark experiments disproving spontaneous generation and establishing the germ theory of disease in the late 1800s are also summarized. The document outlines the development of vaccines, antibiotics like penicillin, and chemotherapy. It provides a brief introduction to different areas of microbiology studied today and concludes by mentioning the role of microbes in human health and disease.
This document provides information on the syllabus for the course ABT 301 Plant Biotechnology. The course covers 4 units: 1) basics of plant tissue culture, 2) applied plant tissue culture, 3) basic molecular biology, and 4) recombinant DNA technology and genetic transformation. Unit 1 discusses concepts of plant tissue culture, history, media, sterilization techniques, and different culture types. Unit 2 focuses on applications like micropropagation and secondary metabolite production. Unit 3 covers topics in molecular biology like DNA structure and gene expression. Unit 4 discusses techniques in genetic engineering like vector construction and plant transformation methods.
This document outlines major developments in biotechnology from 8000 BCE to present day, including early uses of microbes in food production, discovery of antibiotics and vaccines, understanding of genetics and DNA, and advances like recombinant DNA techniques, monoclonal antibodies, stem cells, cloning, sequencing the human genome, and creating synthetic organisms. It shows how biotechnology has evolved from early applications to become a complex scientific field utilizing living systems to address problems.
Introduction to pathology by muhammad asifMuhmmad Asif
The document provides an introduction to plant pathology. It discusses that plants can get sick from disease-causing organisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes or from environmental factors. The history of plant pathology is explored, from ancient times when disease was blamed on gods or sin, to the 1800s when the germ theory was established and the roles of fungi and other pathogens in diseases like the Irish potato famine were discovered.
Biotechnology definitions and history, biotechnology in Nepal.pptxBinod Bohara
This document provides an overview of biotechnology definitions, history, and applications in Nepal. It defines biotechnology as using living organisms to make or improve products, involving manipulating DNA. The term was coined in 1919. The document traces important developments in biotechnology from the first vaccination in 1797 to human cloning in 2003. It also outlines biotechnology initiatives and research in Nepal, including the first test tube baby in 2005 and efforts by organizations like NARC to develop virus-free potatoes and drought-tolerant rice varieties.
This document outlines the course contents for a basic microbiology class. It covers topics such as the introduction and history of microbiology, classification of microorganisms, bacterial cell structure, growth and genetics, viruses, the immune system, and materials required for the class. Key figures in the history and development of microbiology are also mentioned, including Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Redi, Pasteur, Koch, Fleming, and Watson and Crick. Classification of microbes from domain to species level is reviewed.
The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to duplication of its DNA and division of its cytoplasm and organelles to produce two new daughter cells. It involves replicating the cell's DNA and dividing the cytoplasm and organelles to produce two identical daughter cells each with the full complement of chromosomes and cellular components required for continued cell division.
this presentation is about the sample collection, storage and trasnport of specimens for microbiological analysis to a clinical laboratory. this presentation is suitable and usefull for those who are working in aclinical microbiology laboratory like technicians, laboraotory scientists, nurses and phleobotamist.
1. The history of biotechnology can be divided into 3 stages - ancient, classical, and modern. Ancient biotech involved early applications related to food and shelter. Classical biotech built on these techniques and promoted fermentation. Modern biotech manipulates genetic information through techniques like genetic engineering.
2. Biotechnology has 5 main branches - animal, medical, environmental, industrial, and plant. Animal biotech improves livestock through techniques like artificial insemination, cloning, and transgenic animals. Medical biotech develops drugs and treatments.
3. Environmental biotech applies bioprocesses to clean pollution through bioremediation. Industrial biotech uses organisms to produce chemicals. Plant biotech engineers crops for desired traits like pest
This document discusses the history and scope of microbiology. It begins by defining microbiology as the study of microorganisms, which are tiny creatures that can only be seen under a microscope. It then describes the branches of microbiology, including pure microbiology which focuses on taxonomy and integration of microbes, and applied microbiology which examines medical, veterinary, industrial, and other applications. The document continues by outlining the major groups of microorganisms and how they are named and classified. It concludes with an overview of the key discoveries and scientists that helped establish microbiology as a field, including the germ theory of disease and development of antibiotics.
Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms. The document provides an overview of the topics covered in microbiology including the scope, importance, characteristics, and history of microorganisms. It discusses the early discoveries of microbes through microscopes in the 1600s and 1700s. It also summarizes the theories of spontaneous generation and biogenesis, and how experiments by Pasteur and Koch helped prove that microbes cause disease rather than spontaneous generation.
The document provides a history of microbiology from its early beginnings to modern applications. It describes key early scientists like Van Leeuwenhoek who first observed microbes, and Linnaeus who developed a taxonomy system. Later, scientists like Pasteur and Koch established germ theory and methods to study microbes. Their work led to understanding fermentation and the microbial causes of disease. Today, microbiology involves understanding biochemical reactions, genetics, molecular biology, and applications like bioremediation, disease prevention, and recombinant DNA technology. The future of microbiology relies on continued scientific questioning and discovery.
This document provides a timeline of key developments in biotechnology from 8000 BCE to 2012 CE. Some highlights include the domestication of crops and livestock in 8000-4000 BCE, the use of yeast for leavening bread and fermenting beer in 2000 BCE, the discovery of DNA's role in heredity in the mid-1800s and early 1900s, the development of genetic engineering and recombinant DNA techniques in the 1970s, the launch of the Human Genome Project in 1990, the cloning of Dolly the sheep in 1997, and the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed in 2012. The timeline traces the evolution of biotechnology from early agricultural practices to modern genetic research and applications in medicine.
these slides are prepared for biotechnology student and it is more informative for industrial biotechnology student. Hope you people will get huge knowledge from it.
Biotechnology has been used for thousands of years to produce improved food and healthcare, beginning when early humans domesticated plants and animals. Modern biotechnology applies techniques such as genetic engineering to organisms on a molecular level. Key developments include understanding that DNA carries genetic information, determining the genetic code, and being able to splice genes between organisms. Biotechnology now involves engineering crops for improved nutrition, developing new medicines through microbial fermentation, and manipulating DNA in many other applications.
This document provides an overview of microbiology and microorganisms. It discusses the key topics of microbial classification, the history of microbiology from early observations to modern developments, the roles of microbes in human welfare and disease, and examples of emerging infectious diseases. The document contains detailed information on bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, and viruses presented over multiple pages of text and figures.
BIOTECHNOLOGY :- CONCEPT HISTORY AND APPLICATIONutpalkamat
The document discusses the history and concepts of biotechnology. It notes that biotechnology has been used since ancient times in processes like brewing beer and cheese making. Modern biotechnology has advanced with techniques like recombinant DNA, PCR, and gene cloning. The document defines biotechnology as using biological systems like microorganisms and cells to develop useful products and processes. It gives examples of biotechnology applications in medicine, agriculture, and environmental management. India has infrastructure to support biotechnology including research institutions, scientists, colleges, hospitals and companies.
Microbiology is the study of microorganisms too small to be seen without a microscope. Microbes are found everywhere and play important roles in ecosystems and human bodies. While most microbes are harmless or beneficial, some can cause disease. Key figures like van Leeuwenhoek first observed microbes, Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation and established germ theory, Koch linked specific microbes to diseases, Jenner developed the first vaccine, Fleming discovered penicillin, and advances now help detect, treat, and prevent infectious diseases.
Biotechnology is the use of biological processes and organisms to develop technologies and products. It involves using cells, molecules, and genetic information from living things to solve problems and make useful goods. Some key areas of biotechnology include agriculture, medicine, and food science. It combines fields such as genetics, molecular biology, and biochemistry. The history of biotechnology dates back thousands of years to early practices like brewing beer and using mold to treat infections, while modern biotechnology has advanced greatly since the 1950s discovery of DNA structure and the ability to genetically modify organisms.
Biotechnology has a long history dating back thousands of years to early practices like brewing beer and wine, but emerged as a modern science in the late 20th century. Key developments included the discovery of DNA's structure in 1953 and the first genetic engineering experiments in the 1970s. The field advanced significantly in the 1980s when the Supreme Court ruled engineered organisms could be patented, fueling growth of the biotech industry. Today biotechnology draws on chemistry, physics and biology and has widespread applications in medicine, agriculture, and more. It plays a crucial role in developing treatments and vaccines.
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms to develop useful products. It has been practiced for thousands of years in activities like brewing and baking but the term was coined in 1917. Modern biotechnology applies scientific techniques like genetic engineering to precisely manipulate biological processes. Key developments include the discovery of DNA's structure in 1953 and the first recombinant DNA experiments in 1973, allowing transfer of genes between organisms. Biotechnology now has important applications in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
This document provides an overview of microbiology and the history of the field. It discusses key topics like the discovery of microorganisms under the microscope in the 1600s and 1700s. Landmark experiments disproving spontaneous generation and establishing the germ theory of disease in the late 1800s are also summarized. The document outlines the development of vaccines, antibiotics like penicillin, and chemotherapy. It provides a brief introduction to different areas of microbiology studied today and concludes by mentioning the role of microbes in human health and disease.
This document provides information on the syllabus for the course ABT 301 Plant Biotechnology. The course covers 4 units: 1) basics of plant tissue culture, 2) applied plant tissue culture, 3) basic molecular biology, and 4) recombinant DNA technology and genetic transformation. Unit 1 discusses concepts of plant tissue culture, history, media, sterilization techniques, and different culture types. Unit 2 focuses on applications like micropropagation and secondary metabolite production. Unit 3 covers topics in molecular biology like DNA structure and gene expression. Unit 4 discusses techniques in genetic engineering like vector construction and plant transformation methods.
This document outlines major developments in biotechnology from 8000 BCE to present day, including early uses of microbes in food production, discovery of antibiotics and vaccines, understanding of genetics and DNA, and advances like recombinant DNA techniques, monoclonal antibodies, stem cells, cloning, sequencing the human genome, and creating synthetic organisms. It shows how biotechnology has evolved from early applications to become a complex scientific field utilizing living systems to address problems.
Introduction to pathology by muhammad asifMuhmmad Asif
The document provides an introduction to plant pathology. It discusses that plants can get sick from disease-causing organisms like viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and nematodes or from environmental factors. The history of plant pathology is explored, from ancient times when disease was blamed on gods or sin, to the 1800s when the germ theory was established and the roles of fungi and other pathogens in diseases like the Irish potato famine were discovered.
Biotechnology definitions and history, biotechnology in Nepal.pptxBinod Bohara
This document provides an overview of biotechnology definitions, history, and applications in Nepal. It defines biotechnology as using living organisms to make or improve products, involving manipulating DNA. The term was coined in 1919. The document traces important developments in biotechnology from the first vaccination in 1797 to human cloning in 2003. It also outlines biotechnology initiatives and research in Nepal, including the first test tube baby in 2005 and efforts by organizations like NARC to develop virus-free potatoes and drought-tolerant rice varieties.
This document outlines the course contents for a basic microbiology class. It covers topics such as the introduction and history of microbiology, classification of microorganisms, bacterial cell structure, growth and genetics, viruses, the immune system, and materials required for the class. Key figures in the history and development of microbiology are also mentioned, including Hooke, van Leeuwenhoek, Redi, Pasteur, Koch, Fleming, and Watson and Crick. Classification of microbes from domain to species level is reviewed.
The cell cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to duplication of its DNA and division of its cytoplasm and organelles to produce two new daughter cells. It involves replicating the cell's DNA and dividing the cytoplasm and organelles to produce two identical daughter cells each with the full complement of chromosomes and cellular components required for continued cell division.
this presentation is about the sample collection, storage and trasnport of specimens for microbiological analysis to a clinical laboratory. this presentation is suitable and usefull for those who are working in aclinical microbiology laboratory like technicians, laboraotory scientists, nurses and phleobotamist.
this ppt describe the structure of DNA and RNA. it is best for those who are basic to cell biology and molecular biology. especially for first year students in life sciences.
1) TMR silage made from a mixture of wet by-products and roughage provided acceptable storability and aerobic stability, inhibiting spoilage.
2) Analysis found lactic acid was the major fermentation product supporting preservation, while acetic acid promoted aerobic stability even at different temperatures.
3) Microbial analysis identified Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter as dominant bacteria, while fungi like Aspergillus and yeasts like Kazachstania and Candida were also present but did not compromise stability.
Biotechnology uses living organisms or substances from organisms to develop useful products and processes. It helps meet basic human needs like food, clothing, shelter, health and safety. Biotechnology improves organisms through science and is used in various areas like agriculture, medicine, environment management and more. Some key techniques include genetic engineering, cell culture, monoclonal antibodies and molecular biology.
Laboratory biosafety and biosecurity involves analyzing risks from chemicals and implementing control measures. A risk analysis should be done for each experiment to identify hazards. Material safety data sheets provide important safety information about chemicals. Chemicals have physical hazards like being flammable or explosive and health hazards like being toxic, carcinogenic, or corrosive. Exposure routes are dermal, inhalation, ingestion, and injection. Control measures follow a hierarchy of elimination, substitution, engineering controls like fume hoods, and administrative controls like proper storage and labeling. Different biosafety levels are required depending on the risk of the microorganisms being used. Safety practices in the laboratory need improvement regarding protective equipment and housekeeping.
This document discusses laboratory biosafety and biosecurity. It defines biosafety as containment practices that prevent exposure to biological agents, while biosecurity aims to prevent unauthorized access. The introduction notes that most laboratory infections are due to human factors rather than engineering issues. It then covers risk assessment, identifying hazards alone do not pose risk and facilities must assess risk and implement controls. Later sections discuss core biosafety requirements, heightened controls, maximum containment, transportation, and management of biosafety programs and laboratory biosecurity.
This document summarizes information about microbial culture from a presentation given by Shahid Zadran. Microbial culture involves selectively growing infectious microorganisms (MOs) in the laboratory to determine the cause of infectious diseases and identify the appropriate antibiotic for treatment. Performing culture and sensitivity testing before antibiotic therapy is important to reduce antimicrobial resistance, a major public health threat. The clinical microbiology department described performs various culture tests and has sections for media preparation, culture, and waste management. Proper specimen collection, transport, and storage are crucial for accurate laboratory results and effective treatment.
sample collection, transport and storage for microbiology lab.methodes of sample collection,sotrage and transport.microbiological analysis of specimens like urine, stool, blood, pus etc
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
10 Benefits an EPCR Software should Bring to EMS Organizations Traumasoft LLC
The benefits of an ePCR solution should extend to the whole EMS organization, not just certain groups of people or certain departments. It should provide more than just a form for entering and a database for storing information. It should also include a workflow of how information is communicated, used and stored across the entire organization.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
low birth weight presentation. Low birth weight (LBW) infant is defined as the one whose birth weight is less than 2500g irrespective of their gestational age. Premature birth and low birth weight(LBW) is still a serious problem in newborn. Causing high morbidity and mortality rate worldwide. The nursing care provide to low birth weight babies is crucial in promoting their overall health and development. Through careful assessment, diagnosis,, planning, and evaluation plays a vital role in ensuring these vulnerable infants receive the specialize care they need. In India every third of the infant weight less than 2500g.
Birth period, socioeconomical status, nutritional and intrauterine environment are the factors influencing low birth weight
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Lecture 6 -- Memory 2015.pptlearning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned st...AyushGadhvi1
learning occurs when a stimulus (unconditioned stimulus) eliciting a response (unconditioned response) • is paired with another stimulus (conditioned stimulus)
8. Modern Biotech
Manipulation of genetic
material within organisms
Based on genetics and the
use of microscopy,
biochemical methods,
related sciences and
technologies
11. Ancient Biotech
Useful plants brought from
the wild, planted near caves
where people lived
As food wasavailable, ability
to store and preserve
emerged
13. Domestication
15,000 years ago, large
animals were hard to capture
People only had meat when
they found a dead animal
Came up with ways of
capturing fish and small
animals
16. Domestication
Involved the collecting of
seed from useful plants and
growing crude crops from
that seed
Involved the knowledge that
the seed had to properly
mature
18. Domestication
Raising animals in captivity
began about the same time
in history
Easier to have an animal
close by that to hunt and
capture a wild one
26. Food preservation
Stored in bags of leather or jars
of clay
Fermentation occurs if certain
mo’s are present
Creates an acid condition that
slows or prevents spoilage
27. Cheese
One of the first food
products made through
biotechnology
Began some 4,000 years
ago
Nomadic tribes in Asia
35. Fermentation
Process in which yeast
enzymes chemically change
compounds into alcohol
In making vinegar the first
product of fermentation is
alcohol
36. Fermentation
Alcohol is converted to acetic
acid by additional microbe
activity
Acid gives vinegar a sour taste
Vinegar prevents growth of
some bacteria
37. Vinegar
Keeps foods from spoiling
Used in pickling
Biblical references to wine
indicate the use of
fermentation some 3,000
years ago
61. Mendel
Studied inheritance of seven
pairs of traits
Bred and crossbred thousands
of plants
Determined that some traits
were dominant and other
recessive
64. Walter Sutton
Determined in 1903 that
chromosomes carried units of
heredity identified by Mendel
Named “genes” in 1909 by
Wilhelm Johannsen, Danish
Botanist
65. Thomas Hunt Morgan
Studied genetics of fruit flies
Early 1900’s
Experimented with eye color
His work contributed to the
knowledge of X and Y
chromosomes
67. Ernst Ruska
Build the first electron
microscope in 1932
German electrical engineer
Microscope offered 400X
magnification
68. Alexander Fleming
Discovered penicillin in 1928
First antibiotic drug used in
treating human disease
Observed growth of molds
(Penicillium genus) in a dish
that also contracted bacteria
69. Alexander Fleming
Bacteria close to the molds
were dead
Extracting and purifying the
molds took a decade of
research
Penicillin first used in 1941
71. Rosalind Elsie Franklin
Research in France and
England in mid 1900’s
Led to discovery of structure
of DNA
Her early research was used
to produce an atomic bomb
72. Rosalind Franklin
Set up X ray diffraction lab
Photographs of DNA
showed that it could have a
double helix structure
74. Watson and Crick
James Watson
Francis Crick
Collaborated to produce the
first model of DNA structure
in 1953
75. Watson and Crick
Described DNA dimensions
and spacing of base pairs
Had major impact on genetic
engineering carried out today
76. Watson
Born in the US
Crick – born in England
Collaborative research at
Cambridge University in
England
77. Norman E. Borlaug
Developed wheat varieties
producing high yields
Research in Mexico
Semi dwarf varieties
Developed wheat variety that would
grow in climates where other
varieties would not
84. Research
Supplies facts that can be
used to improve a process or
product
Settings range from
elaborate labs to field plots
85. Field Plot
Small area of land that is
used to test questions or
hypothesis
Belief is that same result
would be obtained if carried
out on larger scale
87. Research
Done by agencies, universities,
private companies, individuals
Biotech research in ag is
carried out by ag experiment
stations and large corporations
88. Development
Creation of new products or
methods based on findings
of research
Carefully studied before
being put into full scale use
89. Development
New products tested before
approval
Government agencies such as
the FDA are involved
Prototype is developed –
research model that is carefully
tested
90. Prototype
Becomes a pattern for the
production of similar
products
After being fully tested, full
scale production begins.