Microbiology Description

1. DEPARTMENT OF EASTERN MEDICINE
CURRICULUMN REVISION
QARSHI UNIVERSITY, LAHORE
Session -2023-2024

2. Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)
Instructor Dr. (NM) Shehla Unmbreen
Contact Hours 3+2 Hr/week
No. of lecture/week 3 hours
Course Distribution Biological Sciences
Course Prerequisite None
Course Teaching
Methodology
• Interactive lecture
• Demonstration
• Group Discussions
• Case based learning
• Self directed Learning
• Tutorials / Seminars
• Videos / Clinical & morphological
images
• Skill lab

3. Course Learning Objectives
The goal is to provide the knowledge and skills to BEM students about microbes and how they help us to
understand our world and our place within it. It gives us insights into the complexity of nature and society, which
in turn provide many different health, environmental, social, cultural, industrial and economic benefits.
• To impart knowledge of the basic principles of bacteriology, virology, mycology, immunology and
parasitology including the nature of pathogenic microorganisms, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis,
transmission, prevention and control of diseases common in the country.
• Microbiology Integration to Eastern medicine
• To produce next generation of global leaders in infectious disease.
• To produce highly skilled & competent microbiologist to face emerging infectious disease threats.
• To support our national needs of infectious disease diagnosis, outbreak investigations and preventive
measures.
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

4. Course Contents
A. Historical Status and Evolution of Microbiology and Parasitology.
B. Scope of Microbiology with Special Reference to the Scientific Concepts of Eastern System of
Medicine
C. Terminology (Descriptive)
D. Nomenclature and Classification of Micro-Organisms
E. Communicable, Endemic, Epidemic, and Pandemic Diseases
F. Carriers Pathogens, Opportunists, Commensals and Colonizers.
G. Microorganisms responsible for infection of the following organ systems:Central Nervous
System, Respiratory System, Gastrointestinal System, Genital System, Urinary System, Infections of
Bones and Joints, Zoonosis, Infection of the Skin, Hepatic Infections
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

5. Course Contents
Clinical
Bacteriolo
gy
Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Beta hemolytic streptococcus group a & b, Diphtheria sp.,
Bordetella sp., Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium perfrignes, Clostridium botulinum,, Clostridium difficile,
Clostridium tetani, Actinomycies israelli, Nocardia asteroids, Neisseria meningitis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae,
Gardenella vaginalis, Haemophilus influenza, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae, E. coli,
Klebsiella, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia pestis, Pseudomonas, Vibrio cholera, Vibrio parahemolyticus,
Campylobacter jejuni , Helicobacter pylori, Legionella, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia,Treponema
pallidium, Leptospira, Rickettsia sp.
Each Bacteria will be discussed under following
headings
• Growth and Physiological Characteristics
• Virulence Factors
• Replication
• Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
• Localized Infections
• Miscellaneous Systemic Infections
• Host defenses
• Other Important associated diseases
• Clinical Concerns
• Laboratory diagnosis
• Preventions
• Treatment (Natural medicine and allopathic medicine)
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

6. Course Contents
Principles
of Anti -
Microbial
Action.
Antibiotics, selective toxicity, bacteriostatic and bactericidal.
Host determinants in relation to selection of an antimicrobial drug for therapy.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC)
Bacterial resistance and the mechanisms involved in acquiring bacterial resistance
Mechanisms involved in transfer of drug resistance to bacterial resistance.
Mode of action of various antimicrobial drug groups.
Superinfection and cross sensitivity.
Virology Basic Virology
Structure - Replication
Genetics & Gene Therapy
Classification of Medically Important Viruses
Pathogenesis - Host Defenses
Laboratory Diagnosis
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

7. Course Contents
Clinical
Virology
Herpes simplex virus , Varicella zoster virus , Cytomegalovirus , Epstein Barr virus , Human herpes
virus -8, Small pox virus, Mollascum contagiosum virus , Adenoviruses , Papillomaviruses ,
Parvoviruses , Polyomaviruses , Influenza viruses , Measles virus , Mumps virus, Respiratory
syncytial virus , Parainfluenza viruses , Corona viruses, Rubella virus , Rabies virus , Ebola virus ,
Norvovirus , Rota virus Hepatitis A-B-C-D-E-G virus, West Neil virus , Yellow fever virus, Dengue
Virus, Tumor Viruses
Each Virus will be discussed under following headings
• Growth and Physiological Characteristics
• Virulence Factors
• Replication
• Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
• Localized Infections
• Miscellaneous Systemic Infections
• Host defenses
• Other Important associated diseases
• Clinical Concerns
• Laboratory diagnosis
• Preventions
• Treatment (Natural medicine and allopathic
medicine)
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

8. Course Contents
Basic &
Systemic
Mycology
Structure and growth
Pathogenesis
Fungal toxins and allergies
Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Tinea species, Actinomyces, Aspergillosis
Fermentation Introduction to fermentation and important products produced by the fermentation.
Biotechnology Background of recombinant technology and applications in this field.
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

9. Course Contents
Clinical
Parasitology
Plasmodium species, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica , Cryptosporidium, Leishmania
species, Trichomonas vaginalis, Toxoplasma gondii, Pneumocyctis carinii, Ascaris lumbricoides,
Ancylostoma duodenale, Trichuris trichuria, Enterobius vermicularis, Filaria species,
Strongyloides stercoralis, Schistosoma species, Echinococcus species, Taenia solium, Taenia
saginata, Hymenolepis nana
Each parasite will be discussed under following
headings
• Growth and Physiological Characteristics
• Virulence Factors
• Replication
• Epidemiology and Pathogenesis
• Localized Infections
• Miscellaneous Systemic Infections
• Host defenses
• Other Important associated diseases
• Clinical Concerns
• Laboratory diagnosis
• Preventions
• Treatment (Natural medicine and allopathic
medicine)
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

10. Course Contents
Immunology Antigen, antibody, epitope, hapten and adhesion molecules.
Difference between innate and acquired immunity.
Structure and function of major histocompatibility complex (MHC).
Cytokines.
Mechanism of humoral and cell medicated immunity.
Hypersensitivity reactions, Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV.
Autograft, homograft, allograft and xenograft., Immunotolerance and immunoparalysis.
Mechanism involved in allograft rejection and steps that can be taken to combat rejection.
Classification of Immunodeficiency disorders
Basis of autoimmunity.
Tissue transplantation.
Pathology and pathogenesis of AIDS.
Lab diagnosis of immunological diseases.
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

11. Course Contents
Practical/
Skill Lab
• Difference between sterilization and disinfection.
• Methods of disinfection and sterilization of the following: Facility where the doctor practices
Examination table, Any spillage e.g. sputum, vomitus, stool, urine, blood, Examination tools,
e.g., thermometer, nasal and ear specula and spatula, Sterilization of Glass ware and products by
various methods
• Study of Microscope and use of oil Immersion Lenses
• Staining: Simple staining-Gram staining-Acid fast staining-Capsule and spore staining-
Geimasas staining –– flagella staining.
• Culture Media: Preparation of General Media, Preparation of Selective Media, Culturing’s of
Micro-organisms., Total viable counts of Micro-organisms, Morphological and selective
Biochemical, Characterization of some specimen. Microbiological analysis of Air, Water and
soil.
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

12. Course Contents
Practical/
Skill Lab
• General principles of the following serological tests:
ELISA – Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, G) Rubella, CMV and HIV
PCR
Haemagglutination – TPHA
Western Blot –HIV, Malaria.
• Interpretation of:
Culture reports
Serological reports and
Microscopic reports of gram stain and ZN stain.
• Principles of proper collection and submission of specimens for laboratory investigations
• Biochemical reactions. Inoculation and sensitivity.
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

13. Course Learning Outcomes
Knowledge A BEM student at the end of the microbiology course will be able to:
• Describe the mechanisms of host parasite relationship.
• Enumerate the normal flora and its importance in health and disease.
• Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of common infectious diseases.
• List the microbes that cause opportunistic infections in humans and describe their
pathogenesis.
• Explain the importance of National health programmes for the prevention of
communicable diseases.
• Understand the ecology (microbial) of specialized areas like hospital, water, food and
prevent the possible spread of infections.
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

14. Course Learning Outcomes
Skills • Choose appropriate laboratory investigations required for a clinical diagnosis.
• Sample the right specimen, at the right time, by the right method.
• Analyze and interpret the results of laboratory tests.
• Choose the suitable antimicrobial agent for treatment.
• Apply the principles of immunology in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prevention of infectious
and non-infectious diseases.
• Practice the techniques of asepsis, antisepsis and sterilization in day-to-day procedures and apply
universal precautions in laboratory and clinical practice.
Attitude
and
communicat
ion skills
At the end of the course the student should be able to:
• Communicate effectively with peers and teachers in small group teaching learning activities.
• Demonstrate the ability to work effectively with peers in a team.
• Demonstrate professional attributes of punctuality, accountability and respect for teachers and
peers
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

15. Assesment Pattern for Theory
Type of Questions Number of Questions Marks for each question Total marks
MCQS 30 01 30
SEQs 05 06 30
PBQs 05 04 20
LEQs 02 10 20
Total 100
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

16. Assessment Pattern for Practical
Type of Questions Number of questions Marks for each question Total marks
Internal Viva 5-10 02 25
External Viva 5-10 02 25
Copy 01 - 05
OSPE / OSCE 05 04 20
Practical written and
Performance
02 7.5 15
Internal Assesment (GTs+Sendups) 10
Total 100
Microbiology & Parasitology (3rd prof.)

17. Thank You