The document provides an overview of the importance of microbial culture in diagnosing infectious diseases and guiding antibiotic therapy. It outlines the workflow of a microbiology department, emphasizing the need for proper specimen collection and handling to avoid contamination and incorrect results. Additionally, it discusses the growing public health threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the department's goals to educate the public and enhance clinical microbiology services in Afghanistan.

1. Human Medical Laboratory
Clinical Microbiology Department
Presented By: Shahid Zadran

2. What is Microbial culture?
Laboratory microbial culture means “Selectively Growing” infectious M.Os
If infection is suspected, before going to start random Antibiotic therapy
Doctors should advice the patient to perform culture and sensitivity testing.

3. Importance of Microbial culture
 Determine the CAUSE of infectious diseases
 To find the right antibiotic for infection control
 To reduce antimicrobial resistivity

4. Anti-microbial Resistivity (AMR)
 Major public health threat Worldwide
 It is not a future prediction
 But happening now in every region and affect anyone
 WHO: 10 MILLION deaths/year are expected by 2050 due to AMR

5. Why Physicians prefer culture?
Wrong Antibiotics use will pull you down 6 feet
Underground

6. HML Microbiology Department
Three Sections
 Media Preparation
 Culture
 Waste Management

7. Media Preparation

8. Culture Room

9. Waste Management

10. List of Microbial culture performed in HML
 All Body fluids culture and sensitivity
 Wound/pus and all kind of swab culture and sensitivity
 Tissue and biopsy culture and sensitivity
 Stool culture and sensitivity
 Fungal culture and sensitivity
 Water and food culture for infectious microorganisms
 Hospitals OT, Equipment, beds and surfaces sterility checking for microbes
 All kind of bacterial and fungal staining tests.

11. Importance of Specimen collection, labelling,
transport and storage
Improper specimen collection, labelling, transport and
storage leads to false laboratory investigation, long hospital
stay, wrong treatment, waste of time and economic loss.
Right Specimen Right Lab Report Right Treatment

12. Guidelines for Specimen Collection
Aseptic precautions
Anatomic sites and locations
Adequate amount/volume
Proper timing
Clinical laboratory request form
Use of proper container
Instruction to the patient
Before the administration of antibiotics
Avoid contamination of specimens
Use of transport media
Proper handling ,labelling and transportation

13. SPECIMEN TRANSPORT
Specimen transport condition
Within 2 hours of collection
Containers should be leak-proof
Separate section for paperwork
Special preservatives or transport
media
Biohazard label

14. Criteria for rejection of specimens:
Say “No” to process every sample which do not fulfill the criteria for proper sample collection, transport and storage.
Sample must be rejected if:
Missing or inadequate information and request form
Insufficient quantity
Specimen collected in an inappropriate container
Contamination suspected
Inappropriate transport or storage
Unknown time delay

15. Workflow in HML Microbiology Dept
 Example: CSF
Day 1st
 Physical Examination:
 Biochemical Examination
 Microscopic Examination
 Staining: Gram stain, AFB, India Ink and wet preparations
(A primary report is given to the physician to decide the treatment direction.)
 Culture of CSF on suitable Culture Media

16.  Day 2nd and Onwards:
 Examine and report Culture result
 Post staining
 Antimicrobial susceptibility tests
 Final report to physician

17. Why other labs fail in proper microbiology report?
 Lack of knowledge about microbes and their characteristics
 Improper collection, transport and storage
 Unsuitable growth environment
 Use of Undefined and non-selective culture media
 Contamination
 No Growth reporting

18. Our Future Aims and Goals
 To aware the society about the importance of C&S
 To educate people about the harm in misuse of antibiotics
 To provide clinical microbiology services in all provinces of AFG
 To find the AMR level in the people of AFG
 To reduce the AMR level in AFG

19. THANK YOU