Observation is a systematic process used to study individuals or phenomena. It involves three key components: sensation, attention, and perception. Sensation is gaining information through the senses, attention requires focusing on the subject, and perception involves interpreting sensations based on past experience. Observations can be unstructured and natural or structured with controls and tools to precisely measure data. They can also involve participating in the situation being observed or simply observing without direct involvement. Observation is an important assessment method used across fields like education and research to understand individuals' needs and review environments.

1. Method of
assessment -
Observation
By
karthick

2. Observation

3. What is happening in this
picture?

4. Be Factual
The facts: The child is standing with her face to
the wall, with her hands over her eyes.
Your opinion: She is crying, hiding, sulking, etc.

5. Observation
The action or process
of closely observing or
monitoring something
or someone.

6. Definition
“Observation is a systematic and
deliberate study through the eye of
spontaneous occurrences at the time the
occur. The purpose of observation is to
perceive the nature and extent of
significant interrelated elements within
complex social phenomena, culture and
human conduct.”
-Young

7. Why observations are
needed?

8. To plan for
individual
children’s
needs
for early
intervention
During
transition
To review the
environment
when
working
in
partnership.

9. Components of observation
Observation is more or less a process.
It has three distinguishable
components:
•sensation,
•attention,
•Perception.

10. Sensation:
•Sensations, the first step in
observation, are gained, through the
sense organs. The reliability and
fullness of the sensory reactions to
the situation depend on how keen the
sensory organs are, and this is why
the investigator should be physically
in top conditions.

12. Attention,
•The second ingredient in
observation is attention i.e., the
investigator’s ability to pursue the
subject under study. Concentration is
largely and in the initial stages a
matter of will power, but adequate
training, experience and grit could
make it almost matter of habit.

14. Perception.
•The third element, perception,
comprises the interpretation of the
sensory reports. A sensation merely
reports the facts as observed,
whereas perception enables the
individual to recognize the facts by
grouping and identifying sensation
and drawing upon past experience,
imagination and thought

16. Types of observation
Observation can be classified into various
types according to the method used and the
type of control exercised.
Following are the chief types:
• Unstructured observation
• Structured observation
• Participant and non-participant types

17. Unstructured observation
• Unstructured observation refers to simple
and naturist observation. In this type of
observation no attempt is made to
manipulate a control the phenomenon.
Observation is made in the national
surroundings and the activities are
performed in their usual course without
being influenced or any attempt to use
precision instruments to measure and
record facts and to check their accuracy.

18. Unstructured observation

19. Structured Observation
Structured observation refers to
controlled observation where
mechanical aids for securing accurate
data are used;
Conditions of observation are
standardized and attempts are made to
get a representative sample and to
correct sampling errors wherever
necessary.

20. Structured Observation

21. Participant and non-
participant observation

22. Participant and non-
participant observation