This document provides an overview of sociometry, which is defined as a quantitative method for measuring social relationships and interpersonal attraction between individuals in a group. Some key points: - Sociometry was developed by Jacob Levy Moreno in the 1930s to study social dynamics and relationships through metrics like seating preferences, advice seeking, and perceptions of leadership. - It uses techniques like sociograms, matrices, and scales to map out social networks and analyze group cohesion, influence, communication patterns, and individual characteristics. - The purpose is to understand and potentially improve group effectiveness, satisfaction, and relationships by making social patterns and dynamics more visible. - Sociometry has applications in research, therapy, education,

1. SOCIOMETRY
Dr.RajasreeS
Lecturer in General Education
K.U.C.T.E. Aryad,Alappuzha.

2. INTRODUCTION

Franz defines sociometry as “a method used
for the discovery and manipulation of social
configurations by measuring the attractions
and repulsions between individuals in a
group.”

3. INTRODUCTION
 The word Sociometry comes from Latin word
“Socius,”-Partner/Friend/Companion
and“Metrum,”- Measure.
 Sociometry is a way of measuring the degree of
relatedness among people.
 It is a methodology for tracking the energy
vectors of interpersonal relationships in a
group.

4. SOCIOMETRY
 Sociometry is a quantitative method for
measuring social relationships.
 „Sociometry' is the study of interpersonal
relationships between people in a group.
 The inquiry into the evolution and organization of
groups and the position of individuals within them

5. The measurement of social interaction is
termed Sociometry.
 Sociometry is based on the fact that people make
choices in interpersonal relationships.
 Whenever people gather, they make choices--
where to sit or stand; choices about who is perceived
as friendly and who not, who is central to the group,
who is rejected, who is isolated.

6. HISTORY OF SOCIOMETRY
 Jacob Levy Moreno coined the term Sociometry and
conducted the first long-range sociometric study from 1932-38
at the New York State Training School for Girls in Hudson,
New York.
 Many sociometric studies have been conducted since, by
Moreno and others, in settings including other schools, the
military, therapy groups, and business corporations.
 Moreno defines sociometry as “the mathematical study of
psychological properties of populations, the experimental
technique of and the results obtained by application of
quantitative methods”

7. PURPOSE OF SOCIOMETRY
 The purpose of sociometry is to facilitate group task effectiveness
and satisfaction of participants by bringing about greater degrees of
mutuality amongst people and greater authenticity in relationships.
 Measurement of relatedness can be useful not only in the
assessment of behavior within groups, but also for interventions to
bring about positive change and for determining the extent of
change.
 Sociometry can be a powerful tool for reducing conflict and
improving communication because it allows the group to see itself
objectively and to analyze its own dynamics.
 It is also a powerful tool for assessing dynamics and development
in groups devoted to therapy or training.
 It shows the patterns of how individuals associate with each
other when acting as a group toward a specified end or goal.

8. TYPES OF SOCIOMETRY
 Sociometry has two main branches: Research sociometry, and
Applied sociometry.
 Research sociometry is action research with groups exploring
the socio-emotional networks of relationships using specified
criteria.
Example :
– Who in this group do you want to sit beside you at work?
– Who in the group do you go to for advice on a work problem?
– Who in the group do you see providing satisfying leadership
in the pending project?
 Sometimes called network explorations, research sociometry is
concerned with relational patterns in small (individual and small
group) and larger populations, such as organizations and
neighborhoods.

9. Applied sociometrists utilize a range of methods
to assist people and groups review, expand and
develop their existing psycho-social networks of
relationships.
 Both fields of sociometry exist to produce
through their application, greater spontaneity and
creativity of both individuals and groups.

10. USES OF SOCIOMETRY
 Sociometric measurements can be used to study the type of
interaction and factors affecting the interaction.
 It is also used to measure group characteristics- such as
cohesiveness, morale, bonding etc.
 It can also be used to measure individual characteristics
such as leadership, aggressiveness, liberalism and
conservatism.
 Any personality factor that is related to interpersonal
attraction can be measured sociometrically.
 Sociometry provides a bird‟s eye view of group structure
and at the same time indicates the degree of social attraction
possessed by members of the group

11. Sociometric Techniques
1. Sociogram
2. Sociometric Matrices
3. Guess-Who Technique
4. Social Distance Scale

12. SOCIOGRAM
 One of Moreno's innovations in sociometry was the
development of the Sociogram.
 A sociogram is a graphic representation of social links that
a person has.
 It is a visual representation of the interpersonal
relationships within a group.
 Always start with a rough copy to plan the layout of a
sociogram so that it doesn‟t become too messy or confusing.
 Production of Sociogram, nevertheless is the first and a
very important step.

13. A sociogram can be drawn on the basis of many
different criteria: Social relations, channels of
influence, lines of communication etc.
 Those points on a sociogram who have many choices are
called Stars.
 Those with few or no choices are called isolates.
Individuals who choose each other are known to have made a
Mutual Choice.
 One-Way Choice refers to individuals who choose
someone but the choice is not reciprocated.
 Cliques are groups of three or more people within a larger
group who all choose each other (Mutual Choice).
 Sociograms are the charts or tools used to find the
Sociometry of a social space.

14. THANK YOU