The document discusses the properties and manufacturing of steel, emphasizing its use in modern construction due to its strength, flexibility, and recyclability. It outlines the construction process of steel buildings, site investigations, and compares steel structures to concrete structures, noting both their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, it highlights notable steel structures and relevant standards in the industry.

1. METAL STRUCTURES
e.g.s pillay engineering college
Nagapat tinam 611002
PREPARED BY
ARUN.D

2. INTRODUCTION
A solid material which is typically hard, shiny,
malleable, fusible and ductile, with good
electrical and thermal conductivity (e.g. iron,
gold, silver, aluminium, and alloys such as
steel).

3. STEEL
Steel is an alloy of iron & carbon
Iron is the major ore of steel
Steel contains 0.002% to 2.1% of carbon
Carbon provides necessary strength

4. PROPERTIES …
Strength
Toughness
Ductility
Durability
Weldability

5.  MANUFACTURING OF STEEL
Carbonization of Coke
Blast furnace
Basic oxygen steel making
Electric arc method

7. STEEL BUILDINGS
A steel building is a
metal structure fabricated
With steel for the internal
Support and for exterior
Cladding .

8. STEEL IN CONSTRUCTION TODAY
Nowadays , most of the buildings were
constructed using steel .
Steel provides more strength .
Architects have more flexibility in designing .
Can be combined with other materials .
100% recyclable .

9. MAIN USES OF STEEL BUILDINGS
Storage Buildings
Skyscrapers
Office Buildings & Commercial Buildings
Temporary Buildings
Tower Structures

10. STORAGE BUILDINGS SKYSCRAPERS
OFFICE BUILDINGS TOWER STRUCTURES

11. CONSTRUCTION PROCESS OF STEEL
BUILDINGS
1. Planning
2. Ground & Site preparation
3. Fabrication
4. Erection
5. Framing
6. Sheeting

12. SITE INVESTIGATIONS
The main purpose of site investigation
To determine the nature of the sub soil .
To determine the bearing capacity of the soil .
To determine the possibility of the ground
movement .

13. FABRICATION
Fabrication describes the processing of steel
from manufacturer to final delivery to a
construction project, which includes
coating
Stockyard storage
Cutting
Bending
Welding

14. ERECTION

15. METHODS OF Joining
BOLTING WELDING

16. CONCRETE SLAB
• Metal deck may need to be assessed for its
ability to stabilize the steel members .

17. TOP STEEL STRUCTURES
BURJ KHALIFA (2008)
DUBAI
829.8 m ( 39K TONS)
EIFFEL TOWER (1889)
PARIS
324 m (7.3K TONS)
EMPIRE STATE BUILDING (1931)
NEW YORK
443 m (60K TONS)

18. IS STANDARDS
• IS: 800 : 2007 – Code of Practice for general construction in
Steel
• IS: 802 Part 2 : 1978 – Code of Practice for use of Structural
Steel in Overhead Transmission Towers-Fabrication,
Galvanizing, Inspection and Packing
• IS: 806 : 1968 – Code of Practice for USE OF Steel Tubes in
General Building Construction
• IS: 808 : 1989 – Dimensions for Hot Rolled Steel Beam,
Column, Channel and Angle Sections
• IS:814 : 2004 – Covered Electrodes for Manual Metal Arc
Welding of Carbon and Carbon Manganese Steel
Specification
• IS:816 : 1969 – Code of Practice for use of Metal Arc
Welding for General Construction in Mild Steel.
• IS:1161 : 1998 – Specification For Steel Tubes for Structural
Purposes.

19. IN INDIA
Like the concrete technology .
Rare steel structures .
As re-bars but not complete steel structures .
Major reasons were…
Cost
Installation & Transportation

20. STEEL STRUCTURE IN INDIA
• Howrah Bridge
• Kolkata , India
• Material : Steel(23K TONS
• Length: 705 m
• width: 71ft
• Constructed in: 1942

21. PROS OF STEEL BUILDINGS
Consistent Material Quality
Light weight & strong
Dimensionally Stable in any
Climate
Can withstand Disasters
Can built tall & wide
Insect Resistance
Pre-fabricated frames assembled Quickly

22. CONS OF STEEL BUILDINGS
Steel is an expensive material (much more than
masonry or concrete)
High maintenance
Requires more space
Requires Skilled Labors
Properties can vary when temperature above 700c

23. CONCRETE STRUCTURE VS STEEL STRUCTURE
CONCRETE STRUCTURE
• More Durable
• Less resistance to Durable
• Low load carrying capacity
• Scrap value is nil
• Self wt. is very high
• Foundation should be
strong
• Simple process
• Low cost
STEEL STRUCTURE
• Less Durable
• More resistance to Disasters
• High load carrying capacity
• Scrap value is good
• Self wt. is 60% less than
concrete
• Structure can be made
without foundation
• Requires skilled labors
• Cost is high

24. CONCLUSION
• Steel structures demand greater precision
than those built with masonry or concrete
frame, which cannot be guaranteed by all
contractors .
• Factors weighing against them like cost and
energy may appear less important than site
value or project period .

25. THANK YOU…..