This document presents information about the chemistry of hydrocarbons. It discusses the occurrence of metals in petroleum, how they form salts, and their harmful effects. Metals like nickel, vanadium, and iron naturally occur in petroleum in amounts less than 0.1% by weight. The salts of calcium, magnesium and sodium dissolve in petroleum. These salts can decompose in distillation columns and cause scale formation and corrosion. Removal of metallic content can be achieved through solvent extraction which precipitates organometallic compounds.

1. CHEMISTRY OF HYDROCARBONS 1
PK231
TOPIC:
Presented by-
MOHAMMED AATIF SHAHAB
BTECH.(II)
FAC. NO. 14PKB501
ENROL. NO. GF0095
Department of PETROLEUM STUDIES
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY
Submitted to-
Prof. MOHD KAMIL
CHAIRMAN
D/O,PETROLEUM STUDIES
ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY

2. OVERVIEW 2
•OCCURRENCE
•SALTS FORMATION
•HARMFUL EFFECTS
•REMOVAL

3. OCCURRENCE 3
• Present in ash of petroleum residue
• 1-1300 ppm,<0.1% by weight
• Ni,Vd,Fe,Mg,Na etc.
• Organometallic compounds are found in colloidal form

4. SALTS FORMATION 4
•Chlorides of Ca,Mg,Na found in dissolved form
•Decompose in distillation column
•Causes scale formation,corrosion
•Decrease the activity of catalyst
•For refining salt content in crude should be < 50 mg/L

5. •Halides give off halogens during hydrolysis or
thermal decomposition
•Pollution,ash etc. are contributed by metals
•Quality of crude oil are always debased
•May cause coke formation
5

6. Harmful effects 6
•In oil fired gas turbine, metals mainly vanadium lead to
ash deposition on turbine rotors
•Causes corrosion

7. REMOVAL 7
The metallic content may be reduced by solvent extraction
with propane or similar solvents as the organometallic
compounds are precipitated with the asphaltenes and
resins.

8. REFERENCES 8
• Speight, J.C.; “The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum”, Marcel Dekkar, New
• York, 3/e1999.
• 2. Lucas, A.G. (ed.), “Modern Petroleum Technology”, Vol. 2, Downstream, John Wiley &
• Sons Limited, New York, 6/e, 2000.
• 3. Simanzhenkov, V. and Idem, R., “Crude oil Chemistry”, Marcel Dekker Inc., New York,
• 2003.
• 4. Hobson, G.D., “Modern Petroleum Technology” Vol I & II, John Wiley & Sons, New
• York, 5/e, 1984
• 5. Rao, B.K.B., “Modern Petroleum Refining Processes”, Oxford & IBH Co. Pvt. Ltd., New
• Delhi, 4/e, 2002,
• 6. Prasad, R., “Petroleum Refining Technology”, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi, 2000

9. •THANK YOU
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