Manufacture of manufacturing of single superphosphate and triple superphospah...MuhammadAyyanKhan
Introduction * Different Grade of Phosphate Rock * Different Forms of Super Phosphate * Manufacturing Single Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Single Superphosphate * Granular Single Super Phosphate Process & Advantages * Conclusion * Manufacturing Triple Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Triple Superphosphate * Side Effects of using Triple Superphosphate
This presentation looks at the processes used to transform phosphate rock into Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) and Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizers.
this is one of bost beneficial slide to know the urea production this is not theoretical knowledge the training is done in nfl and the whole report is made on the basis of deep study of whole plant
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries
This is my slide which was done when i was in Level 3, Semester 2. This slide is based on our Industrial tour to Triple Super Complex Limited, Patenga, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
This is a precise presentation on NPK fertilizers or complex fertilizers. It has detailed flowsheets with descriptions about all manufacturing processes of NPK fertilizers as well
Mixed Fertilizers - Definition, Preparation and Compatibility. VisanthGuhan
Definition for Mixed Fertilizers, It's Advantages and Disadvantages, Incompatibility of Mixed Fertilizers, Physical and chemical changes that affects the preparation and Mixed Fertilizer preparation process.
Complex NPK Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required for plant growth and productiveness. Plants need to be fertilized because most soil does not provide the essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
The three numbers on fertilizer represents the value of the three macro-nutrients used by plants. These macro-nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) or NPK for short. All plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to grow. Without enough of any one of these nutrients, a plant will fail. An NPK fertilizer provides those three nutrients in ratios particular to the plant being grown.
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106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
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Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
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Complex NPK fertilizer project report, Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Complex NPK fertilizers Making Small Business Manufacturing, Composition of powder NPK fertilizers, Compounds of liquid NPK fertilizers, Detailed Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Download free project profile on NPK fertilizers, Feasibility report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant and Fertilizer Plant, Fertilizer manufacturing process flow chart, Formulation of NPK fertilizers, Free Project Profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, How fertilizers are manufactured, How to apply powder NPK fertilizers, How to make NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer manufacturing process pdf, NPK fertilizer manufacturing, NPK fertilizer plant, NPK fertilizer preparation, NPK fertilizer process flow diagram, NPK fertilizer production process, NPK fertilizer production technology, NPK fertilizer production, NPK fertilizer properties, NPK fertilizer use, Production of NPK Fertilizers, Profitable Small Scale Complex NPK fertilizers manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Project profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project report on NPK fertilizers manufacturing industries, Setting up and opening your Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Nitrogenous Fertilisers Demand Past and Future, Urea Demand Past and Future
Manufacture of manufacturing of single superphosphate and triple superphospah...MuhammadAyyanKhan
Introduction * Different Grade of Phosphate Rock * Different Forms of Super Phosphate * Manufacturing Single Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Single Superphosphate * Granular Single Super Phosphate Process & Advantages * Conclusion * Manufacturing Triple Superphosphate * Advantages and Use Triple Superphosphate * Side Effects of using Triple Superphosphate
This presentation looks at the processes used to transform phosphate rock into Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) and Diammonium Phosphate (DAP) fertilizers.
this is one of bost beneficial slide to know the urea production this is not theoretical knowledge the training is done in nfl and the whole report is made on the basis of deep study of whole plant
Di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) is the world’s most widely used phosphorus fertilizer. It’s made from two common constituents in the fertilizer industry, and its relatively high nutrient content and excellent physical properties make it a popular choice in farming and other industries
This is my slide which was done when i was in Level 3, Semester 2. This slide is based on our Industrial tour to Triple Super Complex Limited, Patenga, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
This is a precise presentation on NPK fertilizers or complex fertilizers. It has detailed flowsheets with descriptions about all manufacturing processes of NPK fertilizers as well
Mixed Fertilizers - Definition, Preparation and Compatibility. VisanthGuhan
Definition for Mixed Fertilizers, It's Advantages and Disadvantages, Incompatibility of Mixed Fertilizers, Physical and chemical changes that affects the preparation and Mixed Fertilizer preparation process.
Complex NPK Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, Working Capital Requirement, Plant Layout, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis
Fertilizer is a material that is added to the soil to supply one or more elements required for plant growth and productiveness. Plants need to be fertilized because most soil does not provide the essential nutrients required for optimum growth.
The three numbers on fertilizer represents the value of the three macro-nutrients used by plants. These macro-nutrients are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) or NPK for short. All plants need nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to grow. Without enough of any one of these nutrients, a plant will fail. An NPK fertilizer provides those three nutrients in ratios particular to the plant being grown.
See more
https://goo.gl/bE20Jx
https://goo.gl/GSw8OE
https://goo.gl/iyuYOd
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Complex NPK fertilizer project report, Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Complex NPK fertilizers Making Small Business Manufacturing, Composition of powder NPK fertilizers, Compounds of liquid NPK fertilizers, Detailed Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Download free project profile on NPK fertilizers, Feasibility report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Fertilizer Manufacturing Plant and Fertilizer Plant, Fertilizer manufacturing process flow chart, Formulation of NPK fertilizers, Free Project Profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Great Opportunity for Startup, How fertilizers are manufactured, How to apply powder NPK fertilizers, How to make NPK fertilizer, NPK fertilizer manufacturing process pdf, NPK fertilizer manufacturing, NPK fertilizer plant, NPK fertilizer preparation, NPK fertilizer process flow diagram, NPK fertilizer production process, NPK fertilizer production technology, NPK fertilizer production, NPK fertilizer properties, NPK fertilizer use, Production of NPK Fertilizers, Profitable Small Scale Complex NPK fertilizers manufacturing, Project consultancy, Project consultant, Project for startups, Project identification and selection, Project profile on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project Report on Complex NPK fertilizers, Project report on NPK fertilizers manufacturing industries, Setting up and opening your Complex NPK fertilizers Business, Nitrogenous Fertilisers Demand Past and Future, Urea Demand Past and Future
n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium su.pdfaptcomputerzone
n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is a common laboratory
and industrial chemical. In the form of ?-anhydrite (the nearly anhydrous form), it is used as a
desiccant. It is also used as a coagulant in products like tofu.[3] In the natural state, unrefined
calcium sulfate is a translucent, crystalline white rock. When sold as a color-indicating variant
under the name Drierite, it appears blue or pink due to impregnation with Cobalt(II) chloride,
which functions as a moisture indicator. The hemihydrate (CaSO4·~0.5H2O) is better known as
plaster of Paris, while the dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) occurs naturally as gypsum. The anhydrous
form occurs naturally as ß-anhydrite. Depending on the method of calcination of calcium sulfate
dihydrate, specific hemihydrates are sometimes distinguished: alpha-hemihydrate and beta-
hemihydrate.[4] They appear to differ only in crystal size. Alpha-hemihydrate crystals are more
prismatic than beta-hemihydrate crystals and, when mixed with water, form a much stronger and
harder superstructure.[5]
Solution
n should be 5 here Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is a common laboratory
and industrial chemical. In the form of ?-anhydrite (the nearly anhydrous form), it is used as a
desiccant. It is also used as a coagulant in products like tofu.[3] In the natural state, unrefined
calcium sulfate is a translucent, crystalline white rock. When sold as a color-indicating variant
under the name Drierite, it appears blue or pink due to impregnation with Cobalt(II) chloride,
which functions as a moisture indicator. The hemihydrate (CaSO4·~0.5H2O) is better known as
plaster of Paris, while the dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O) occurs naturally as gypsum. The anhydrous
form occurs naturally as ß-anhydrite. Depending on the method of calcination of calcium sulfate
dihydrate, specific hemihydrates are sometimes distinguished: alpha-hemihydrate and beta-
hemihydrate.[4] They appear to differ only in crystal size. Alpha-hemihydrate crystals are more
prismatic than beta-hemihydrate crystals and, when mixed with water, form a much stronger and
harder superstructure.[5].
Oxo-Acids of Halogens and their Salts.pptxfarhanvvdk
Acids are a class of chemical substances that, when dissolved in water, typically produce hydrogen ions (H⁺). Oxo acids, also known as oxy acids, are a type of acid that contain oxygen atoms, along with hydrogen and another element (often a nonmetal). The general structure of an oxo acid is HnXOm, where "X" where represents the halogen atom and n represents the number of oxygen atoms bonded to the halogen, "n" is the number of hydrogen atoms, and "m" is the number of oxygen atoms. The strength of an oxo acid depends on factors such as the number of oxygen atoms and the electronegativity of the central atom.
oxo acids are versatile compounds with widespread applications in various fields, ranging from industry and agriculture to biology and medicine. Understanding their properties and reactions is crucial for advancing scientific knowledge and technology.
Gypsum products/certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown & Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
2. Introduction :
Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) (in British English potassium sulphate, also called
sulphate of potash, arcanite, or archaically known as potash of sulfur) is a non-
flammable white crystalline salt which is soluble in water. The chemical
compound is commonly used in fertilizers, providing both potassium and
sulfur.
3. History
• Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) has been known since early in the 14th century, and it was studied
by Glauber, Boyle, and Tachenius. In the 17th century, it was named arcanuni or sal
duplicatum, as it was a combination of an acid salt with an alkaline salt. It was also known as
vitriolic tartar and Glaser's salt or sal polychrestum Glaseri after the pharmaceutical chemist
Christopher Glaser who prepared it and used medicinally]
• Known as arcanum duplicatum ("double secret") or panacea duplicata in pre-modern
medicine, it was prepared from the residue (caput mortuum) left over from the production of
aqua fortis, by dissolving the residue in hot water, filtering, and evaporating it to a cuticle. It
was then left to crystallise. It was used as a diuretic and sudorific.
4. History
• According to Chambers's Cyclopedia, the recipe was purchased for five hundred thalers
by Charles Frederick, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp. Schroder, the duke's physician, wrote
wonders of its great uses in hypochondriacal cases, continued and intermitting fevers,
stone, scurvy, etc.
5. Natural resources
The mineral form of potassium sulfate, arcanite, is relatively rare. Natural resources of potassium sulfate are minerals
abundant in the Stassfurt salt. These are cocrystallizations of potassium sulfate and sulfates of magnesium calcium
and sodium.
Relevant minerals are:
Kainite, MgSO4·KCl·H2O
Schönite (now known as picromerite), K2SO4·MgSO4·6H2O
Leonite, K2SO4·MgSO4·4H2O
Langbeinite, K2Mg2(SO4)3
Glaserite (now known as aphthitalite), K3Na(SO4)2
Polyhalite, K2SO4·MgSO4·2CaSO4·2H2O
The potassium sulfate can be separated from some of these minerals, like kainite, because the corresponding salt is
less soluble in water.
Kieserite, MgSO4·H2O, can be combined with a solution of potassium chloride to produce potassium sulfate.
6. Production
• Approximately 1.5 million tons were produced in 1985, typically by the reaction of potassium
chloride with sulfuric acid, analogous to the Leblanc process. Potassium sulfate is produced
according to the following reaction, which is conducted in so-called Mannheim furnaces:
• 2KCl + H2SO4 → 2 HCl + K2SO4
• The Hargreaves process uses sulfur dioxide, oxygen and water and potassium chloride as the
starting materials to produce potassium sulfate. Hydrochloric acid evaporates. SO2 is
produced through the burning of sulfur.
7. Structure and properties
Two crystalline forms are known. Orthorhombic β-K2SO4 is the common form, but it
converts to α-K2SO4 above 583 °C. These structures are complex, although the
sulfate adopts the typical tetrahedral geometry.
It does not form a hydrate, unlike sodium sulfate. The salt crystallize as double six-
sided pyramids, classified as rhombic. They are transparent, very hard and have a
bitter, salty taste. The salt is soluble in water, but insoluble in solutions of
potassium hydroxide (sp. gr. 1.35), or in absolute ethanol.
8. Uses
• The dominant use of potassium sulfate is as a fertilizer. K2SO4 does not contain chloride, which
can be harmful to some crops. Potassium sulfate is preferred for these crops, which include
tobacco and some fruits and vegetables. Crops that are less sensitive may still require potassium
sulfate for optimal growth if the soil accumulates chloride from irrigation water.
• The crude salt is also used occasionally in the manufacture of glass. Potassium sulfate is also
used as a flash reducer in artillerypropellant charges. It reduces muzzle flash, flareback and blast
overpressure.
• It is sometimes used as an alternative blast media similar to soda in soda blasting as it is harder
and similarly water-soluble.[10]
• Sometimes, when put over a fire, potassium sulfate can make it purple.
9. Reaction
• Potassium hydrogen sulfate (also known as potassium bisulfate), KHSO4, is readily
produced by reacting K2SO4 with sulfuric acid. It forms rhombic pyramids, which melt
at 197 °C (387 °F). It dissolves in three parts of water at 0 °C (32 °F). The solution
behaves much as if its two congeners, K2SO4 and H2SO4, were present side by side of
each other uncombined; an excess of ethanol the precipitates normal sulfate (with little
bisulfate) with excess acid remaining.
• The behavior of the fused dry salt is similar when heated to several hundred degrees; it
acts on silicates, titanates, etc., the same way as sulfuric acid that is heated beyond its
natural boiling point does. Hence it is frequently used in analytical chemistry as a
disintegrating agent. For information about other salts that contain sulfate, see sulfate.
Editor's Notes
Summarize your research in three to five points.
Establish hypothesis before you begin the experiment. This should be your best educated guess based on your research.