hydrolysis

1. NAME: SAMER AZIZ
ROLL NO: DE-068
SUBJECT: PHYSICAL PHARMACY
HYDROLYSIS

2. HYDROLYSIS:
DEFINATION:
 the chemical breakdown of a compound due to
reaction with water is called hydrolysis
TYPES ON THE BASIS OF CHEMICAL
REACTION:
1. Ionic hydrolysis
2. Molecular hydrolysis

3.  Ionic hydrolysis
It occur when the salt of
weak acids and weak
bases interact with
water to give either
alkaline or acidic
solution
 Molecular hydrolysis:
It is much slower and
irreversible process it is
catalized by hydrogen
or hydroxyl ion e.g. the
local anesthetics

4. TYPES OF HYDROLYSIS:(ON THE
BASIS OF DRUG DEGRADATION)
 ESTER HYDROLYSIS:
An acid-catalyzed ester hydrolysis involves the
breakdown of an ester into its corresponding
carboxylic acid and alcohol.This is done by
the addition of a water molecule, using an
acid as a catalyst.

5. EXAMPLE OF DRUGSWHICH UNDER GO
ESTER HYDROLYSIS:
1. Tetracaine
2. Atropine
3. Physostigmine
4. Procaine
5. Asprin

6. AMIDE HYDROLYSIS:
 when amides are hydrolysed in the presence
of dilute acids such as dilute hydrochloric
acid.The acid acts as a catalyst for the
reaction between the amide and water.

7. EXAMPLES OF DRUGS WHICH
UNDERGOAMIDE HYDROLYSIS:
1. Dibucaine
2. Ergometrine
3. Chloramphenicol
4. Niacinamide
5. Barbiturates

8. RING HYDROLYSIS:
 Hydrolytic reactions in certain drugs
proceed by ring cleavage with subsequent
attack by hydrogen or hydroxyl ions.

9. DRUGS UNDER GO RING
HYDROLYSIS:
 Bezodiazepines (such as nitrazepam and
chlordiazepoxide )
 Penicillin
 cephalosporins