direct filling gold... material aspect, types, condensation, cavity design, modifications. detaied seminar for post gradutes.... any doubts or suggestions contact dr.mb@hotmail.com
direct filling gold... material aspect, types, condensation, cavity design, modifications. detaied seminar for post gradutes.... any doubts or suggestions contact dr.mb@hotmail.com
Introduction
Classification
Composition
Properties Of GIC
Clinical Application Of GIC & GIC In Endodontics
Contraindication Of GIC
Types Of GIC
Recent Advances
Conclusion
References.
Introduction
Classification
Composition
Properties Of GIC
Clinical Application Of GIC & GIC In Endodontics
Contraindication Of GIC
Types Of GIC
Recent Advances
Conclusion
References.
We can can minimize the risks of disease transmission to our self and to the patients in the dental office through carefully following the infection control and safety guidelines,
Dr. Hesham Dameer
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
1 Protective mechanisms of the respiratory tract R.docxdorishigh
1
Protective mechanisms of the respiratory tract
Removal of large particles in the nasopharyngeal
region
Bifurcation of respiratory tract
Cough reflex
Mucociliary elevator
Macrophages
Aerodynamic diameter
Classes of airborne hazards
Gases and vapors
Particulates
Oxygen-deficient atmosphere
Size-selective sampling
Inhalable fraction
Thoracic fraction
Respirable fraction
Pneumoconiosis
Silicosis
Asbestosis
Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis
Byssinosis
PEL for silica
Amorphous silica
Crystalline silica
EHST 3700/3701:
Industrial Hygiene
To recognize the basic structure and functions of
the human respiratory tract
To list the major classifications of airborne
hazards
To identify airborne hazards and their source
processes
To describe occupational diseases associated
with exposure to airborne contaminants
To understand how spirometry is used to
evaluate lung function and detect patterns of
lung damage
To recognize situations where oxygen-deficient
atmospheres might exist
To explain the difference between simple and
chemical asphyxiants
To explain the mechanisms leading to hypoxia
Anatomy and function of the respiratory
system
Airborne hazardous materials
Occupational diseases associated with
airborne particulates
Oxygen-deficient atmospheres
May be inhaled either as fumes or dusts
Metal oxides – metal atoms combined with
oxygen atoms (i.e. iron oxide or rust)
Metal fume fever
Due to inhalation of metal fumes during
welding
Associated with a set of
symptoms mistaken for
flu
Characterized by fever,
nausea, coughing and
wheezing, muscle
aches
2
Metal Organs/Systems Affected Metal Organs/Systems Affected
Aluminum Nervous system,
respiratory tract
Iron Nervous system, liver,
gastrointestinal tract,
respiratory tract,
hematopoietic system
Beryllium Respiratory tract, skin Lead Kidneys, nervous system,
gastrointestinal tract,
hematopoietic system, skin,
reproductive system
Cadmium Kidneys, nervous system,
gastrointestinal tract,
respiratory tract, bones,
heart
Mercury Kidneys, nervous system,
gastrointestinal tract,
respiratory tract
Chromium Kidneys, nervous system,
liver, respiratory tract,
skin, teeth
Nickel Nervous system, respiratory
tract, skin
Copper Gastrointestinal tract,
hematopoietic system
Thallium Kidneys, nervous system, liver,
gastrointestinal tract,
respiratory tract
Fumes are inhaled during smelting and
refining of aluminum
Used in making paints and coatings,
ammunition and explosives, abrasives,
ceramics
Eye deposition – corneal damage
Inhalation of aluminum oxides
Acute exposure: alveolar edema
Chronic exposure: Shaver’s disease or
bauxite lung
OSHA PEL = 15 mg/m3 (total); 5 mg/m3 (resp)
NIOSH REL = 10 mg/m3 (total); 5 mg/m3 (resp)
ACGIH TL ...
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
Struggling with intense fears that disrupt your life? At Renew Life Hypnosis, we offer specialized hypnosis to overcome fear. Phobias are exaggerated fears, often stemming from past traumas or learned behaviors. Hypnotherapy addresses these deep-seated fears by accessing the subconscious mind, helping you change your reactions to phobic triggers. Our expert therapists guide you into a state of deep relaxation, allowing you to transform your responses and reduce anxiety. Experience increased confidence and freedom from phobias with our personalized approach. Ready to live a fear-free life? Visit us at Renew Life Hypnosis..
Leading the Way in Nephrology: Dr. David Greene's Work with Stem Cells for Ki...Dr. David Greene Arizona
As we watch Dr. Greene's continued efforts and research in Arizona, it's clear that stem cell therapy holds a promising key to unlocking new doors in the treatment of kidney disease. With each study and trial, we step closer to a world where kidney disease is no longer a life sentence but a treatable condition, thanks to pioneers like Dr. David Greene.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
Dehradun ❤CALL Girls 8901183002 ❤ℂall Girls IN Dehradun ESCORT SERVICE❤
Mercury toxicity & hygiene
1.
2. INTRODUCTION
FORM OF MERCURY
MERCURY EXPOSURE IN DENTAL OFFICE
SOURCES OF MERCURY EXPOSURE
MERCURY LEVELS
SIDE EFFECT OF MERCURY
ALLERGY
TOXICITY
TREATMENT
MERCURY HYGIENE
MERCURY FREE ALLOYS
CONCLUSION
3. Mercury poisoning (also
Known as hydrargyria or me-
rcurialism) is a disease caused
By exposure to mercury or its
Compound .mercury (Hg) is a
Heavy metal occurring in several forms,
All of which can produce toxic effects in
High enough doses
4. EXISTS IN THREE CHEMICAL FORM
Elemental mercury
Inorganic mercury
Organic mercury
5. - Most volatile
- Exist in liquid/vapor form
- Inhaled and absorbed into
lungs(80%) and GIT(0.01%)
- Most common form amalgam
restoration
- Exposure to this form can occur
due to accidental spillage of mercury
in dental office
6. - Normally mined as inorganic
sulfide ore
- Mainly in liquid form
- Can also exist in other form than
sulfide
- Irritating in nature
- Main route of entry is through
lung(80%)
7. - Mainly in the form of methyl
mercury
- Main route of entry is absorption
though GIT(95-98%) though food
- Used in fungicide and pesticide
- Found in vegetables , fruits and
grains
- Toxic in nature
8. Amalgam raw material being stored
in use
During trituration , insertion &
intraoral hardening
Amalgam scrap
During finishing & polishing
Removal of old restoration
16. Allergy responses represent an
antigen-antibody reaction marked by
itching, rashes, sneezing, or other
symptoms
Contact dermatitis or Comb's type IV
hypersensitivity reaction represent
the most likely physiologic side effect
to dental amalgam
17. Usually small % age of people are
allergic to mercury, when such a
reaction has been documented by
dermatologist or allergist, an alternative
material (e.g. Composite or ceramic)
must be used unless the
reaction is self limiting (usually within
2 Wks)
18. release of mercury induced an acute
reaction which resulted in erythematous
lesions, severe burning and itchy sensation
and difficulty in breathing
skin patch test results indicated a very
strong positive reaction to mercury
Amalgam restorations were replaced with
composite filling material
19.
20. - Amount of exposure
- Length of exposure
- Length of mercury accumulation
in body
- Amount of accumulated mercury
- Overall health of the patient
( for detoxification)
21.
22. FORM OF
MERCURY
ELEMENTAL INORGANIC METHYLME-
RCURY
ROUTE OF
EXPOSURE
INHALTION ORAL ORAL –FISH
CONSUMPTION
TARGET
ORGAN
CNS , Kidney
Peripheral
nervous system
KIDNEY, PNS C N S
LOCAL CLINICAL
SIGN
Lung ;bronchial
irritation
GI-irritation
Skin – irritation
ulceration
SYSTEMIC
EFFECTS
Kidney-
proteinuria
CNS –mood
change
PNS - Tremors
Kidney –
proteinuria,
Tubular necrosis
Is PNS
TREMORS
NUMBNESS
Developmental
Effects in fetus
And newborn.
CNS IN ADULT
TREMORS
PARAESTHESIA
23.
24.
25. PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTURBANCES
-Fits of anger
-short term memory loss
-low self –esteem
-loss of self control
-sleepiness.
A person may also suffer from the loss of
ability to learn new thing or things that
require memorization
26. ORAL CAVITY PROBLEMs
-Inflammation of the mouth
-loss of bone around teeth
-ulcerated gums and other areas in the
mouth
-Darkening of gums
-taste of metal
-Bleeding gums
27. G.I.T PROBLEMS
-Cramps
-inflamed colon
-diarrhea
C.V.S PROMBLEMS
-Weak pulse
-increase B.P
-Chest pain/feeling of pressure
in the chest area
28. RESPIRATORY PROMBLEMS
-Weakness and problems with breathing
- Emphysema
-persistent cough
NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS
-headaches
-vertigo
-tinnitus
- twitching in various areas of the body
(eyelid, feet etc.)
29.
30. Toxic effects include damage to the
brain, kidney and lung. Mercury poisoning
can result in several diseases,
including:-
Acrodynia (pink disease)
Hunter- russell syndrome
MINAMATA DISEASE
31. Peripheral neuropathy (Presenting
as paresthesia / itching, burning or
pain)
skin discoloration
swelling
Desquamation(shedding of skin)
Sign and Symptoms
32. • Bleeding gums
• Alveolar bone loss
• Loosening of teeth
• Excessive salivation
• Foul breath
• Metallic taste
• Burning sensation, with tingling of lips, face
• Tissue pigmentation(amalgam tattoo of
gum)
• Stomatitis (sore in the mouth)
• Ulceration of gingiva, palate, tongue
Mercury symptoms on oral cavity
33. Considered to be a mercury allergy
o Erythema of the palms soles
o Edema of hand and feet
o Desquamating rash
o Hair loss
o Pruritus
o Diaphoresis
o Tachycardia, hypertension
o Photophobia
o Irritability - Constipation/Diarrhea
o Anorexia
o Insomnia
o Poor muscle tone
34.
35. Syndrome is characterized by
paresthesia,
visual field constriction, ataxia, impaired
hearing, and speech impairment.
36. Mercury in the marine environment
identified as a health risk for humans-
MINAMATA DISEASE
In 1952 a factory in minamata Japan
was mercury as a catalyst
--mercury washed into bay
In 1953 fisherman and farmers
showed symptoms-neurological
damage and fetal deformity
37. Disease diagnosed in 1956
- linked to fish consumption
1957 fishing banned in area
1959- mercury identified as
cause
1960 source identified
- factory effluent
44. Chelation therapy is the administration of
chelating agents remove heavy metals from
the body.
A chelating agent could be given orally, I.M, I.V
DMSA(FDA approved use in children for treat-
ing Hg toxicity
2,3-DIMERCAPTO-1-PROPANESULFONIC
ACID(DMPS)
D-PENCILLAMINE(DPCN) OR DIMERCAPROL
(BAL)
45.
46. 1. Ventilation: provide proper ventilation in the
place by having fresh air exchanges and
periodic replacement of filters, which may
act as traps for mercury
2. Monitor office: monitor the Hg vapor
level in the office periodically. This may be
done by using dosimeter badges & vapor
analyzer(Limit – 50µg/m³ 8 hr shift over 40
hr work week)
47.
48. 3. Monitor personnel: monitor office by
periodic analysis
4. Office design: use proper work area
design to facilitate spill containment
and cleanup
5. Pre-capsulated alloys: use pre-capsulated
alloy. Eliminate the possibility of a bulk Hg
spill, otherwise store bulk Hg properly in
unbreakable containers on stable surface
49. 6. Amalgamator cover: use an amalgamator
fitted with a cover
7.Handling care: use care in handling amalgam
avoid skin contact with mercury or freshly
mixed amalgam .avoid dry polishing.
8. Evacuation systems: use high volume evacuation
when finishing or removing amal-
gam .evacuation system have traps or
filter. Check, clean / replace traps and filter
periodically
50.
51. 9. Masks: Change mask as necessary when
removing amalgam restoration.
10. Contaminated items: Dispose of Hg
contaminated items in sealed bags according
to applicable regulation
11.Spills: clean up Hg properly by using bottle
tapes/ fresh mixes of amalgam to pick- up
droplets/ use commercial clean up kits. Do
not use household vacuum cleaner.
52.
53.
54. 12. Clothing: Wear professional clothing
only in dental operatory
13. Select an appropriate alloy: Proper
Hg: alloy ratio to avoid the need to
remove excess Hg before packing.
14. Recycling: store amalgam scrap under
radiographic fixer solution in covered
container. Recycle amalgam scraps
through refiners
55.
56. 15. Avoid carpet/floor coverings in dental
office ; floor coverings should be easy to
clean, nonabsorbent and seamless.
16. Follow aseptic technique, i.e. wear
protective mask, gloves and glasses to
prevent exposure to mercury vapors.
17.Use rubber dam during insertion,
condensation, and polishing of amalgam.
18. Dentists and dental assistants should have
proper knowledge of amalgam disposal and
their handling.
57.
58. Gallium based alloy
- Gallium was discovered in 1875 .it is metal
With similar atomic structure and characteristics
To mercury and has a melting temp of 29˚c. Hence , by 1928 Puttkammer
suggested Gallium as a substitute for mercury
-- its available as a
1. Gallium Alloy
2. Galloy
DISADVATAGES
. Handling characteristics of alloy not favorable
. High level of corrosion is seen which causes loss of strength
marginal disintegration and marginal fracture in chunks.
. Dimensional change of 21.5%
. Poor biocompatibility
. costly
MERCURY FREE DIRECT FILLING ALLOY
Ag Coated Ag-Sn particles which can be self compacted
MERCURY FREE ALLOYS
59. Dental amalgam are still widely used by the
dental profession in most parts of the world.
Some countries, like Sweden, Canada and
Germany, UK have either banned or imposed
serious limitations on amalgam usage.
In the 1990s, several governments evaluated
the effects of dental amalgam and
concluded that the most likely health effects
would be due to hypersensitivity or allergy.
60. In 2004,the Life Science Research Office
analyzed studies related to dental amalgam.
They took mean urinary mercury concentration
(µg of Hg/L in urine, HgU) as the most reliable
estimate of mercury exposure. 95 % of study
participants showed µg HgU below 4 to 5.
Chewing gum, particularly for nicotine, along
with more amalgam, However, the WHO states
mercury levels in biomarkers such urine, blood
, hair do not represent levels in critical organs
and tissues.
61. The American Dental Association
Council on Scientific Affairs has
conclude that both amalgam and
composite materials are considered safe
and effective for tooth restoration.