Delve into the complexities of meningococcal meningoencephalitis in this informative presentation. Learn about the signs and symptoms, diagnostic methods, and treatment options for this serious neurological condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis. Discover essential insights into preventive measures, including vaccination strategies and public health interventions, aimed at reducing the incidence and impact of meningococcal meningoencephalitis globally
2. Introduction:
• Meningococcal meningoencephalitis is a severe
condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria
meningitidis.
• It involves inflammation of the membranes
covering the brain and spinal cord (meninges) and
the brain itself.
• It's a rare form of meningococcal infection
• Meningococcal meningitis is primarily spread
through respiratory droplets.
• Follows a rapid and severe course.
3. Symptoms:
• Severe Headache
• Neck stiffness
• High fever
• Malaise and body ache
• Nausea
• Vomitting
• PhotoPhobia
• Altered mental state
• Confusion
• seizures
• Petechial or purpuric rash
• Paresis or paralysis
4. Clinical Signs:
• Positive Brudzinski's sign: Neck stiffness causing
involuntary flexion of the hips and knees.
• Positive Kernig's sign: Pain and resistance with knee
extension when the hip is flexed.
6. Diagnostic Tests:
• Complete Blood count: leukocytosis, Elevated ESR
• Lumbar Puncture and CSF analysis: Increased WBC,
protein and decreased glucose
• Blood culture: to identify neisseria meningitis in
blood .
• CT or MRI Scan: performed to assess the extent of
inflammation And complications
7. Treatment:
• Immediate hospitalisation
• Intravenous antibiotics (Ceftriaxone: 2 grams every
12 hours; Cefotaxime: 2 grams every 4-6 hours)
• Antiepileptic drugs in case of seizures
• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation
• Diuretics to reduce swelling in brain
• Symptomatic treatment of pain, fever.
