Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis.
Acute meningoencephalitis Powerpoint presentation.
It comprises of acute meningitis and acute encephalitis, their clinical features, physical assesment, diagnosis and treatment.
central nervous infection for clinical pharmacists and other medical students this contains management of cns infections how it can be diagnosed and how to chose appropriate drug treatment based on age of patient.
Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis.
Acute meningoencephalitis Powerpoint presentation.
It comprises of acute meningitis and acute encephalitis, their clinical features, physical assesment, diagnosis and treatment.
central nervous infection for clinical pharmacists and other medical students this contains management of cns infections how it can be diagnosed and how to chose appropriate drug treatment based on age of patient.
Now a days TBM is super most disease in Indian children.
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult to diagnose, and a high index of suspicion is needed to make an early diagnosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
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5. Epidemiology
• Approximately 1.2 million cases of acute
bacterial meningitis occur every year around
the world, resulting in 1,35,000 deaths
• Overall mortality rates for patients with
meningitis range from 2% to 30% depending
on the causative microorganism, approaching
20% in most cases of bacterial meningitis
6. Epidemiology
• Neurologic sequelae frequently associated with
meningitis include seizures, sensorineural hearing
loss and hydrocephalus
• Risk for development of neurologic sequelae
depends on the infecting organism, with
pneumococcal meningitis associated with the
highest risk
• Generally, 30% to 50% of patients who survive
meningitis may develop neurologic disabilities
7. Risk Factors
• Both passive and active exposure to cigarette
smoke were shown to be risk factors for
bacterial meningitis, especially meningococcal
disease
• Children with cochlear implants that include a
positioner are at increased risk for bacterial
meningitis, specifically pneumococcal
meningitis.
8. Etiology
• Haemophilus influenzae was the most
commonly identified cause of bacterial
meningitis (45%)
• Followed by S. pneumoniae (18%) and
Neisseria meningitidis (14%)
9. Etiology
• S. pneumoniae became the most commonly
identified cause of bacterial meningitis (47%)
• followed by N. meningitidis (25%), Listeria
monocytogenes (8%), and H. influenzae (7%)
10. Routes of invasion of microbes/
exposure of stimuli
• Direct implantation of microbes
• Congenital Malformation
• Neighbouring Infection
• Haematogenous spread
• Virus
• Iatrogenic
13. Signs and Symptoms
• Classic signs and symptoms include fever, nuchal
rigidity, and altered mental status (the classic
triad), chills, vomiting, photophobia, and severe
headache
• Kernig and Brudzinski signs may be present but
are poorly sensitive and frequently are absent in
children
• Other signs and symptoms include irritability,
delirium, drowsiness, lethargy, and coma
14.
15. Signs and Symptoms
• Clinical signs and symptoms in young children
also may include bulging fontanelle, apneas,
purpuric rash, and convulsions
• Seizures occur more commonly in children
(20%–30%) than in adults (0%–12%)
16. Differential Signs and Symptoms
• Purpuric skin lesions typically indicate
meningococcal involvement
• H. influenza meningitis and meningococcal
meningitis both can cause involvement of the
joints during the illness
• A history of head trauma with or without skull
fracture or presence of a chronically draining ear
is associated with pneumococcal involvement
19. Management
• Increased ICP: Steroids
• Dexamethasone: 0.15 mg/kg IV 6 hrly for 4
days
• Decrease hearing loss & neurologic sequel
20.
21. Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus)
• The patient develops a characteristic
immunologic reaction of fever, arthritis and
pericarditis approximately 10 to 14 days after the
onset of disease and despite successful treatment
• Patients may develop deafness and transiently
impaired ocular movements
• Purpuric rashes
22. Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus)
• IV Cryst. Penicillin G (50,000 units/kg every 4
hours)
• Alt: Chloramphenicol
• 3rd G. Cephalosporins
• Duration of therapy: 7 days
23. Streptococcus Pneumoniae
• Neurologic complications, such as coma and
seizures, are common with pneumococcal
meningitis
• Treatment with intravenous crystalline
penicillin G (50,000 units/kg every 4 hours) in
adult patients with a penicillin-susceptible
isolate and normal renal function usually
results in a favourable outcome
24. Streptococcus Pneumonia
• Ceftriaxone and cefotaxime have served as
alternatives to penicillin
• Cephalosporin resistant pneumococcus
include the addition of vancomycin and
rifampin
• Duration of therapy: 10-14 days
25. Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Meropenam
• Newer FQs
• Linezolid and daptomycin have emerged as
therapeutic options for treatment of
multidrug-resistant gram-positive infections
26. Streptococcus pneumoniae
• In 2000, a heptavalent pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine (Prevnar) was approved for
use in children aged 2 months and older
• According to current recommendations, all
healthy infants younger than 2 years should
be immunized with the heptavalent vaccine at
2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months
28. Listeria monocytogenes
• Penicillin-G/ Ampicillin + Vancomycin
• Combination therapy usually is given for at least
10 days, with the remaining course of therapy
completed with penicillin G or ampicillin alone
• Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole may be an
effective alternative because adequate CSF
penetration is achieved
29. Listeria monocytogenes
• Chloramphenicol and vancomycin both
possess in vitro activity against Listeria, but
they are not recommended for use in
meningitis caused by L. monocytogenes
because of unacceptably high failure rates
• Duration of therapy: > 21 days
30. Gram-Negative Meningitis
• Elderly debilitated patients are at increased
risk
• Neonates also are at risk for gram-negative
meningitis with E. coli and Klebsiella
pneumoniae
31. Gram-Negative Meningitis
• P. aeruginosa meningitis should be treated
with an extended-spectrum β-lactam such as
ceftazidime or cefepime
• or alternatively piperacillin ± tazobactam, or
• Meropenem plus an aminoglycoside, usually
tobramycin
32. Gram-Negative Meningitis
• Intraventricular aminoglycoside dosages should
be adjusted to the estimated CSF volume (0.03
mg tobramycin or gentamicin per milliliter of CSF
and 0.1 mg amikacin per milliliter of CSF every 24
hours)
• Ventricular levels of aminoglycoside should be
monitored every 2 or 3 days, just prior to the next
intraventricular dose, and should approximate 2
to 10 mg/L
33. Gram-Negative Meningitis
• Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas and
Acinetobacter infections: colistin and ceftazidime
• Other gram-negative organisms causing
meningitis, excluding P. aeruginosa and
Acinetobacter species, most likely can be treated
with a third or fourth-generation cephalosporin,
such as cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, or
cefepime
37. Management of Acute viral meningitis
• Seriously ill patients should probably receive
intravenous acyclovir (15–30 mg/kg per day in
three divided doses), which can be followed by an
oral drug such as acyclovir (800 mg, five times
daily), famciclovir (500 mg tid), or valacyclovir
(1000 mg tid) for a total course of 7–14 days
• Patients who are less ill can be treated with oral
drugs alone.
Despite the availability o antimicrobial therapy
against the most common CNS pathogens, CNS infections continue
to have significant morbidity and mortality
The
incidence of meningitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in children
with cochlear implants was more than 30 times the incidence in a
similar cohort of the U.S. population without implants
CNS infections are caused by a variety of microorganisms.
Historically, CNS infections were primarily community acquired;
however, an increasing number now are nosocomial.
CNS infections are caused by a variety of microorganisms.
Historically, CNS infections were primarily community acquired;
however, an increasing number now are nosocomial.