Meiosis
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Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. It involves two rounds of division called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and separate, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II separates the sister chromatids, resulting in four gametes with half the original chromosome number. Meiosis occurs in the sex organs and is essential for sexual reproduction as it produces gametes like sperm and eggs.
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Cell division can occur through mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis produces two daughter cells identical to the parent cell and is used for growth and maintenance of multicellular organisms. Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions, resulting in four haploid cells each with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell. This allows for genetic variation in offspring. The stages of mitosis and meiosis I involve chromosome condensation, alignment, and separation, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids like in mitosis. Overall, cell division ensures reproduction in single-celled organisms and development and inheritance of traits in multicellular organisms.
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Cell and Cell division.pptx
This document provides information about cell division through mitosis and meiosis. It discusses the three main types of cell division - binary fission in prokaryotes, mitosis in eukaryotes for growth and repair, and meiosis in eukaryotes for sexual reproduction. The stages of mitosis (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase) and meiosis I and II are described in detail. The cell cycle is also summarized, including the interphase and mitotic phases.
Cell and Cell division.pptx
Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and is used for cell growth and repair. Meiosis produces four haploid cells through two cell divisions and is involved in sexual reproduction to create sex cells. The key differences are that mitosis maintains chromosome number while meiosis reduces it, and meiosis involves homologous chromosome pairing and genetic recombination during prophase I.
5 10 cell division and cell cycle ppt
This document provides an overview of cell division through mitosis and meiosis. It explains that all living things are made of cells, and cells must divide for organisms to grow and replace old cells. The cell cycle is described, including the main stages of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis. Interphase consists of G1, S, and G2 phases where the cell grows and duplicates its DNA. During mitosis, duplicated chromosomes separate and the cell divides into two daughter cells. Meiosis produces gametes through two cell divisions, resulting in four haploid cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. Crossing over in meiosis contributes to genetic variation between cells.
Meosis
Meiosis is the process that converts diploid body cells into haploid sex cells. It takes place in the sex organs and produces gametes like sperm and eggs. Meiosis consists of two stages - Meiosis I and Meiosis II. In Meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and may exchange genetic material through crossing over. This results in two haploid daughter cells after the first division. Meiosis II then divides the contents of these two cells without DNA replication, resulting in four haploid cells. The end product of meiosis is genetic variation in gametes and a reduction in chromosome number, allowing for fertilization.
12 - The Cell Division Cycle
The ability of organisms to produce more of their own kind is the one characteristic that best distinguishes living things from nonliving matter. This unique capacity to procreate, like all biological functions, has a cellular basis. The continuity of life is based on the reproduction of cells, or cell division. Cell division plays several important roles which are giving rise to a new organism, enabling development, renewing and repairing and also replacing damaged tissue is multicellular organisms.
توانایی موجودات زنده در تولید بیشتر از نوع خود یکی از ویژگیهایی است که موجودات زنده را از مواد غیر زنده به بهترین وجه متمایز می کند. این ظرفیت منحصر به فرد برای تولید مثل، مانند همه عملکردهای بیولوژیک، دارای پایه سلولی است. تداوم زندگی براساس تولید مثل سلولها یا تقسیم سلولی است. تقسیم سلولی چندین نقش مهم را ایفا میکند که نه تنها باعث ایجاد یک ارگانیسم جدید میشود، همچنین امکان رشد، تجدید و ترمیم و همچنین جایگزینی بافت آسیب دیده موجودات چند سلولی را نیز فراهم می کند.
Meiosis
Meiosis is reductional division in which the chromosome number is reduced to half. During meiosis, four haploid daughter cells are formed from one parental cell.
It is a process in which the chromosomes duplicate only once but the cell divides twice.
It results in formation of four haploid cells. Hence, it is also called reduction division.
16BBT0082
Cell division occurs through mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells and is important for growth and repair. It has four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and produces genetic variation important for sexual reproduction. Meiosis has two divisions and involves homologous chromosome pairing, crossing over and separation into four haploid cells. The key difference is that mitosis maintains ploidy levels while meiosis reduces them, resulting in genetic variation.
Phases of Cellular Division
Cells divide through the cell cycle in order to grow, replace old cells, and make organisms grow. The cell cycle involves cell growth, DNA replication, and cell division through mitosis or meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells through the phases of interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number by half and produces genetically distinct gametes for sexual reproduction.
Meoisis
introduction about meiosis
stages of meiosis
difference between meiosis and mitosis
significance
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Chapter 5 cell division SPM Biology Form 4
Mitosis and meiosis both involve cell division, but have key differences:
Mitosis produces two identical diploid daughter cells through one nuclear division, while meiosis produces four non-identical haploid gametes through two nuclear divisions. Meiosis involves homologous chromosome pairing and crossing over during prophase I, which introduces genetic variation. The first meiotic division reduces the chromosome number by half to produce haploid cells, and the second division separates sister chromatids. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction to generate egg and sperm cells.
cell division and cell cycle
The document summarizes the cell cycle, cell division, mitosis, and meiosis. The cell cycle consists of interphase and cell division. Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases where DNA is synthesized. Cell division includes karyokinesis and cytokinesis. Mitosis produces identical daughter cells through prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half and produces genetic variation through homologous chromosome pairing, crossing over, and two cell divisions. Meiosis is important for sexual reproduction and genetic recombination.
Cell_Division_Mitosis_Meiosis_ppt.pptx
Here are the key points about meiosis:
1. Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid body cells.
2. Meiosis produces genetically unique haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
3. Humans have 23 chromosomes in their haploid gametes.
4. Meiosis involves two cell divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II) which results in four haploid cells from one original diploid cell.
5. Chromosomes are replicated once before meiosis, not between the two meiotic divisions.
6. Cells become genetically different during meiosis due to independent assortment of homologous chromosomes and crossing over.
Cell_Division_Mitosis_Meiosis_ppt_{SIS7DDA7B647659}.pptx
Here are the key points about meiosis:
1. Mitosis produces genetically identical diploid body cells.
2. Meiosis produces genetically unique haploid gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes as body cells.
3. Humans have 23 chromosomes in their haploid gametes.
4. Meiosis involves two cell divisions (Meiosis I and Meiosis II) which results in four haploid daughter cells from one original diploid cell.
5. Chromosomes are replicated once before meiosis, not between the two meiotic divisions.
6. Cells become genetically different during meiosis due to independent assortment of homologous chromosomes and crossing over.
4. Cell division - Anatomy - BSc Nursing 1st Semester - by M. Thirumurugan.pptx
It is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle.
It is an essential biological process in many organisms. It is the means used by multicellular organisms in order to grow, repair, and reproduce.
Types of Cell division:
Mitosis
Meiosis
Mitosis: Mitosis is a division of the nucleus to produce two new daughter cells containing chromosomes identical to the parent cell.
Phases of Mitosis:
Mitosis is a continuous process and divided into different phases based on the appearance and behavior of the chromosomes.
Prophase
Prometaphase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
1.Prophase:
Early prophase:
During prophase chromatin (the complex of DNA and proteins contained in the nucleus), condense and become visible in a light microscope
Nucleolus disappears & Paired centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell.
The replicated chromosomes have an X shape and are called sister chromatids. The sister chromatids are joined at a point called the centromere.
Late prophase:
Nuclear membrane disappears
a structure called the mitotic spindle begins to form at opposite ends of the cell (responsible for separating the sister chromatids into two cells)
2. Prometaphase: Prometaphase is the second stage of mitosis. In prometaphase,
Chromosomes continue to condense
Kinetochores appear at the centromeres
Mitotic spindle attach to kinetochores
Centrosomes move toward opposite poles
3. Metaphase:
Metaphase is the third step in mitosis.
Mitotic spindle is fully developed
Sister chromatids line up at the spindle equator
At the end of metaphase, the centromeres start to divide
4.Anaphase:
Anaphase begin with the separation of the centromeres
Sister chromatids together break down
Sister chromatids (now called chromosomes) are pulled toward opposite poles
The sister chromatids are drawn to opposite poles of the cell by contraction of spindle fibers
5.Telophase:
Telophase begin when the two sets of daughter chromosomes have reached the two poles of the cell.
The spindle fibers breaks down,
The nuclear membrane forms around each set of daughter chromosomes and the nucleoli reappear
The chromosomes uncoil and become less visible under the light microscope
6. Cytokinesis:
Cytokinesis is the sixth and final step of mitosis & A cleavage furrow separates the daughter cells
Cytokinesis is the process of cytoplasmic division to form two daughter cells.
Cytokinesis takes place when the Cytoplasm divides and two cells with identical genetic material are formed Daughter Cells
Meiosis:
Meiosis Takes place in the Gametes of an organism
People have a Chromosome count of 46
When an egg joins a sperm the count must stay at 46 to remain human
So, the egg can only have 23 chromosomes, and the sperm can only have 23 chromosomes
But, the integrity of the organism must be maintained.
During Meiosis diploid cells are reduced to haploid cells
Diploid (2n) to Haploid (n):
During Meiosis gamete (sex
Meiosis Cell Division Seminar 2024 By - Karishma
Meiosis is a cell division process that produces gametes, such as sperm or egg cells, with half the number of chromosomes as the original parent cell. It involves two nuclear divisions and results in four haploid daughter cells. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes separate and are distributed into two daughter cells, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II then separates the sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid cells each with an independent assortment of chromosomes. This mixing and matching of genes from the parental chromosomes contributes to genetic variation in offspring.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces haploid gametes from a diploid cell for sexual reproduction. It involves two rounds of division called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. In Meiosis I, the chromosome number is halved and homologous chromosomes are separated into different daughter cells. Meiosis II then separates sister chromatids so that each daughter cell receives a single set of chromosomes. This process ensures genetic diversity in offspring by independent assortment of chromosomes.
Meiosis in plant cell system and division.ppt
Meiosis, on the other hand, is used for just one purpose in the human body: the production of gametes—sex cells, or sperm and eggs. Its goal is to make daughter cells with exactly half as many chromosomes as the starting cell.
Cell cycle and cell division.pptx
Hello this ppt will help you about how cells are going varies division and how they cycle is processed
Cell division, a new way.
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. There are two main types of cell division: mitosis and meiosis. Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells during growth and repair of the body. It ensures the genetic makeup remains the same. Meiosis produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes and involves two cell divisions. It results in genetic diversity that is important for sexual reproduction.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, such as sperm and egg cells, with half the number of chromosomes as normal body cells. It involves two rounds of division called Meiosis I and Meiosis II. In Meiosis I, homologous chromosome pairs align and separate, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis II then separates the sister chromatids, resulting in four haploid daughter cells with only one chromosome from each pair. This ensures genetic variation in offspring.
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Meiosis
- 2. Meiosis • Course Title : Basic Biology • Presented To : Dr. Pervaiz Anwar • Reg #767BSBT/F-15
- 3. •Type of cell division in which number of chromosome in daughter cell is reduced to half as compared to parent cell. •Dipliod(2n) Hapliod(n) •Meiosis is sexually reproduction •Meiosis occurs in the sex organs, producing gametes—sperm and eggs
- 4. Why do we need Meiosis? •It is the fundamental basis of sexual reproduction •Two haploid (n) gametes are brought together through fertilization to form a diploid (2n) zygote •If egg and sperm had the same number of chromosomes as other body cells then the offspring would have too many chromosomes
- 6. MEIOSIS has two distinct stages •MEIOSIS I consisting of 5 phases: Interphase I Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I.
- 7. •MEIOSIS II consisting of 4 phases Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II.
- 9. Meiosis II Interphase •Cell build up energy •DNA Replication (to make duplicated chromosomes •Cell doesn’t change structurally. •Centriole pair also replicate
- 10. • Nucleus and nucleolus visible
- 11. Prophase I •This is very prolonged phase, chromosome behave as homologus chromosome •It is further divided into following stages Leptotene Zygotene Pachytene Diplotene Diakenisis
- 12. Leptotene •Chromosome is visible •Chromosome is shorten & thick •Size of nucleus increase •Chromosome is starting getting closer to each other •It last for few hour
- 13. Zygotene •First essential phenomenon of meiosis is synapsis(pairing of homologus chromosome •Paring is highly specific & exactly pointed with no definite shape •Each paired complex structure is tetrad •It last for few hours
- 14. Pachytene •Pairing of homologus chromosome is completed •Chromosome is more and more thick •Non sister chromatids exchange their segment due to chismata formation during process called crossing over •It last for days,weeks,years
- 15. Diplotene •The paired chromosome repled each other and begin to seprate •Separation is not complete at chismata •But separation is not complete they are unite at one point
- 16. Diakenisis •Condensation of chromosome is reach to maximum •Sepration is completed •Chismata is disappear •Nucleus and nuclear membrane disappear •Spindle fibers formed
- 17. Metaphase I •It is shortest phase •Chromosomes fully condense. •Spindle fibers originate •kinetochore fiber attach to kinetochore region of chromosome •Chromosome align them at equator metaphase plate
- 18. Anaphase I •Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the poles. •Sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres. •This is actually reduction phase because each pole receive half the number
- 19. Telophase I •Nuclear membrane reorganize around each set of chromosome •Nucleus and nucleoli reappear in this phase •Chromosome decondense in this phase
- 20. Meiosis II •No interphase in this phase •There is no synthesis in this phase •Very short no more DNA replication •Meiosis II is similar to mitosis
- 22. Prophase II •Chromosome condense •Nuclear envelope disappear •Nuclear material released in cytoplasm and cytoplasm more viscous •Nucleoli disappear • spindle fiber originate
- 23. Metaphase II •Spindle fiber bind to kinetochore of sister chromatids. • the spindle fibers contract and pulling sister chromatids. •Spindle fibers aligned at equator
- 24. Anaphase II • It is more critical phase of mitosis which ensure equal distribution of chromatids in daughter cell •Sister chromatids are separated •Half chromatids travel to opposite pole
- 25. Telophase II •Reaching of chromosome at each pole •Nuclear envelope reorganize •Chromosome decondense •Nucleoli reorganize as a result four nucleoli at each pole
- 26. Overview