This document provides information on mechanism synthesis and graphical methods for designing mechanisms. It discusses dimensional, number, and type synthesis to design mechanisms for specified motions. Graphical methods are presented for generating both motion and path generating mechanisms with 4-bar and 6-bar linkages using coupler curves. Steps are provided for graphical synthesis including selecting fixed pivot points, locating link lengths, and verifying mechanism positions. Quick-return mechanisms are also discussed.
Design of flywheel theory and numericals prof. sagar a dhotareSagar Dhotare
1. The document discusses the design and operation of flywheels. Flywheels store energy during periods when energy production exceeds energy demand, and release energy during periods when demand exceeds production.
2. Flywheels are used in engines and machines to reduce fluctuations in speed by absorbing and releasing energy. They store energy from the power source during most of the operating cycle and provide energy during a short period.
3. Stresses in flywheel components include tensile stresses from centrifugal force and bending stresses from torque transmission. Flywheel design considers stresses, energy storage needs, and safety factors.
Kinematics of machines can involve either analyzing an existing mechanism's motion or synthesizing a new mechanism to achieve a desired motion. Kinematic synthesis involves selecting the type of mechanism, determining the number of links needed, and defining the link dimensions. Dimensional synthesis aims to develop link dimensions such that the mechanism's output motion matches the desired motion at select precision points, often spaced using Chebyshev's method to minimize error between points. Slider-crank mechanisms can be synthesized by relating the slider displacement to crank angle at precision points defined using Chebyshev spacing.
Solutions for machine design by KHURMI and GUPTAAzlan
This document appears to be notes from a machine design textbook created by Eng. Younis Fakher of Thi-Qar University's College of Engineering. It contains solutions to problems from chapters 4-6 of a machine design textbook by Khurmi and Gupta for 4th year mechanical engineering students from the 2010-2011 academic year. The notes are broken down by chapter and contain problem solutions.
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Unit 4- balancing of rotating masses, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document discusses the four bar linkage mechanism. It consists of four rigid links connected by four pin joints, forming a quadilateral. The length of one link cannot exceed the sum of the other three links. A variety of mechanisms can be formed from slight variations to the four bar linkage, including changing link proportions or combining multiple linkages. The four bar linkage is the simplest closed loop mechanism and has one degree of freedom. Inversions of the four bar linkage include the beam engine, locomotive coupling rod, and Watt's indicator mechanism. The single slider crank chain converts rotary to reciprocating motion and vice versa using one sliding and three turning pairs. Inversions include pendulum pumps, oscillating cylinder engines, and internal
This problem involves designing a gear drive system to meet specific power, speed, and ratio requirements.
1. The key specifications are: 15 kW power at 1200 rpm driving a compressor at 300 rpm, with a gear ratio of 4:1. The shafts are 400mm apart. The pinion is forged steel with 210 MPa allowable stress, and the gear is cast steel with 140 MPa stress.
2. A two-stage gear train layout is proposed to achieve a 9:1 ratio from an input of 960 rpm to transmit 2 kW power. The shafts are 200mm apart with coaxial input/output.
3. The solution involves calculating the module, pitch diameter, number
This presentation contains basic idea regarding spur gear and provides the best equations for designing of spur gear. One can Easily understand all the parameters required to design a Spur Gear
Design of flywheel theory and numericals prof. sagar a dhotareSagar Dhotare
1. The document discusses the design and operation of flywheels. Flywheels store energy during periods when energy production exceeds energy demand, and release energy during periods when demand exceeds production.
2. Flywheels are used in engines and machines to reduce fluctuations in speed by absorbing and releasing energy. They store energy from the power source during most of the operating cycle and provide energy during a short period.
3. Stresses in flywheel components include tensile stresses from centrifugal force and bending stresses from torque transmission. Flywheel design considers stresses, energy storage needs, and safety factors.
Kinematics of machines can involve either analyzing an existing mechanism's motion or synthesizing a new mechanism to achieve a desired motion. Kinematic synthesis involves selecting the type of mechanism, determining the number of links needed, and defining the link dimensions. Dimensional synthesis aims to develop link dimensions such that the mechanism's output motion matches the desired motion at select precision points, often spaced using Chebyshev's method to minimize error between points. Slider-crank mechanisms can be synthesized by relating the slider displacement to crank angle at precision points defined using Chebyshev spacing.
Solutions for machine design by KHURMI and GUPTAAzlan
This document appears to be notes from a machine design textbook created by Eng. Younis Fakher of Thi-Qar University's College of Engineering. It contains solutions to problems from chapters 4-6 of a machine design textbook by Khurmi and Gupta for 4th year mechanical engineering students from the 2010-2011 academic year. The notes are broken down by chapter and contain problem solutions.
Unit 6- spur gears, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
Unit 4- balancing of rotating masses, Dynamics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
The document discusses the four bar linkage mechanism. It consists of four rigid links connected by four pin joints, forming a quadilateral. The length of one link cannot exceed the sum of the other three links. A variety of mechanisms can be formed from slight variations to the four bar linkage, including changing link proportions or combining multiple linkages. The four bar linkage is the simplest closed loop mechanism and has one degree of freedom. Inversions of the four bar linkage include the beam engine, locomotive coupling rod, and Watt's indicator mechanism. The single slider crank chain converts rotary to reciprocating motion and vice versa using one sliding and three turning pairs. Inversions include pendulum pumps, oscillating cylinder engines, and internal
This problem involves designing a gear drive system to meet specific power, speed, and ratio requirements.
1. The key specifications are: 15 kW power at 1200 rpm driving a compressor at 300 rpm, with a gear ratio of 4:1. The shafts are 400mm apart. The pinion is forged steel with 210 MPa allowable stress, and the gear is cast steel with 140 MPa stress.
2. A two-stage gear train layout is proposed to achieve a 9:1 ratio from an input of 960 rpm to transmit 2 kW power. The shafts are 200mm apart with coaxial input/output.
3. The solution involves calculating the module, pitch diameter, number
This presentation contains basic idea regarding spur gear and provides the best equations for designing of spur gear. One can Easily understand all the parameters required to design a Spur Gear
The document provides an introduction to computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools and part programming. It discusses the evolution of CNC from numerical control, the development of computer-controlled machine tools, and some key components of CNC systems like controllers, feedback systems, and programming. The document also presents examples of different CNC machine types, industries that utilize CNC, sample CNC manufactured parts, and concepts like open-loop vs closed-loop control and manual part programming.
Solutions Manual for machine design by khurmi and GuptaAdnan Aslam
This document contains solutions to problems from machine design textbooks by Khurmi and Gupta provided by Eng. Younis Fakher for 4th year mechanical engineering students at Thi-Qar University College of Engineering in 2010-2011. The solutions cover problems from chapters 4 through 6.
This document summarizes the classification, nomenclature, and displacement diagrams of cams and followers. It describes radial and cylindrical cams based on the direction of follower motion relative to the cam axis. Followers are classified by the contact surface and motion, including knife edge, roller, flat, and spherical types, and reciprocating vs. rotating motion. Nomenclature for key cam and follower components is also defined, such as the cam profile, base circle, pitch curve, and pressure angle. Examples of cam configurations and calculations of maximum velocity and acceleration are provided.
Unit-3 - Velocity and acceleration of mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document discusses tolerances, allowances, and fits between parts. It defines tolerance as the permissible variation in a dimension, given as the difference between maximum and minimum limits. Tolerances are necessary due to variations in materials and machines. The document provides examples of shaft and hole tolerances of 0.001 inches each, resulting in a clearance of 0.004 inches maximum. Allowance is defined as the intentional difference between the lower hole limit and higher shaft limit, ensuring the proper fit. The key difference between tolerance and allowance is that tolerance refers to variation within a single part, while allowance refers to the relationship between mating parts.
This document provides an overview of various machining operations including turning, drilling, milling, and others. It defines machining as a material removal process using sharp cutting tools. The main machining operations covered are turning operations on lathes such as facing, contour turning, and threading. Drilling operations like through holes, blind holes, reaming and tapping are also discussed. Milling operations like peripheral milling, face milling, end milling, and contour milling are summarized. The document also briefly covers other operations like shaping, planning, broaching, and sawing. It includes diagrams to illustrate the different operations.
This document is a manual for the CNC lab at B.L.D.E.A’S S S M Polytechnic in Vijayapur, compiled by S.D. Patil. It introduces numerical control and CNC machines, describes coordinate systems for drilling, milling, and turning operations. It also covers dimensioning systems, preparatory functions (G-codes), miscellaneous functions (M-codes), and provides examples of turning programs for operations like simple turning, step turning, and taper turning.
1. The document describes an experiment to construct a quick return mechanism using a linkage to transform uniform crank rotation into oscillating follower link motion and reciprocating slider motion.
2. Data was collected on crank angle versus slider displacement and plotted on a graph to analyze the quick motion of the mechanism.
3. It was found that the slider moves faster from right to left, with maximum velocity at 280 degrees crank angle and zero velocity at 240 degrees.
Kinematic synthesis deals with determining link lengths and orientations of mechanisms to satisfy motion requirements. This document discusses several key concepts in kinematic synthesis of planar mechanisms, including:
1) Movability/mobility synthesis which determines the degrees of freedom using Gruebler's criterion. The simplest mechanism is the four-bar linkage.
2) Transmission angle synthesis which aims to position links for maximum torque transmission, usually near 90°.
3) Limit positions and dead centers which are configurations of four-bar mechanisms where links are collinear.
4) Graphical synthesis methods using the pole and relative pole to determine link lengths and positions based on input/output motion specifications.
A coupling is a mechanical device that rigidly joins two rotating shafts together. There are three main types of couplings: rigid couplings for perfectly aligned shafts, flexible couplings for shafts with misalignment, and flange couplings which can transmit high torque capacities but do not tolerate misalignment or shocks/vibrations. Design of couplings involves calculating shaft diameters, sleeve/flange dimensions, key dimensions, and bolt diameters based on the transmitted power, material properties, and safety factors. Dimensional relationships and equations are used to check stresses in the various coupling components.
This document discusses the law of gearing in three main points:
1) The common normal at the point of contact between gear teeth must always pass through the pitch point. This is the fundamental condition for designing gear teeth profiles.
2) The angular velocity ratio between two gears must remain constant throughout meshing.
3) The angular velocity ratio is inversely proportional to the ratio of the distances of the pitch point P from the gear centers O1 and O2. The common normal intersecting the line of centers at P divides the center distance inversely proportional to the angular velocity ratio.
Cams are used to convert rotary motion to oscillatory motion or vice versa. They are commonly used in internal combustion engines to operate valves. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of cam and follower design including the different types of cams, followers, motions, and cam profiles. The objectives are to understand basic concepts and terminology and learn how to design a cam and follower set to achieve a desired output motion.
This document describes an experiment to perform step turning and taper turning operations on a lathe. The objective is to machine a mild steel rod using various lathe operations like centering, facing, plain turning, chamfering, step turning, grooving, and taper turning. Precautions are outlined like securely holding the workpiece and tool, maintaining optimal machining conditions, and clearing chips frequently. The results are that the experiment demonstrates how to perform taper and step turning on a lathe.
A presentation on the whitworth quick return mechanism, that covers the historical development of the mechanism, its applications, mathematical analysis, Solidworks and AdamsView Simulation images
- Today's lecture covers transmission angle, instantaneous center method, and locating instantaneous centers in mechanisms.
- The transmission angle between the output link and coupler is maximum at 90 degrees for maximum torque transmission.
- The instantaneous center method and relative velocity method can be used for velocity or acceleration analysis of mechanisms.
- The instantaneous center method uses the centers of rotation between two links to determine velocities. The number of instantaneous centers equals the number of possible link combinations.
This document provides an introduction to kinematics and the analysis of mechanisms using velocity and acceleration diagrams. It discusses:
1. Key concepts in mechanisms including different types of motion transformations and common mechanism components like four-bar linkages.
2. How to determine the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of points within a mechanism using either mathematical equations or graphical methods using velocity and acceleration diagrams.
3. How to construct velocity diagrams by determining the absolute and relative velocities of points and drawing them as vectors. This allows solving for unknown velocities.
4. How to extend the method to acceleration diagrams to determine centripetal and other accelerations which are important for calculating inertia forces.
The document provides examples
This document discusses the cam jump phenomenon in cam and follower mechanisms. It defines cam jump as occurring under high speeds when the unbalanced forces during negative acceleration exceed the spring force, causing the cam and follower to separate. It presents the equations of motion for a follower under the forces of inertia, spring, and cam. It identifies the critical speed as when the force on the follower is zero, indicating no contact. Above this speed, hammering noises occur due to cam jump. The document recommends increasing preload and spring stiffness to avoid cam jump to some extent.
This document discusses steering mechanisms for vehicles. It describes the condition for true rolling as having an instantaneous center where the front wheel axes meet the rear axis when turning. This requires the inner wheel to turn through a greater angle than the outer wheel. The main types of steering mechanisms are the Ackerman and Davis systems. The Ackerman mechanism is most widely used due to its simplicity and ability to achieve true rolling through an instantaneous center point between the wheel axes. It has turning pairs behind the wheels while the Davis mechanism has sliding pairs in front of the wheels and is more prone to wear.
The document discusses various graphical synthesis methods for mechanism design including:
1) Determining the type and number of links required to generate a specified motion.
2) Using two or three positions of a coupler link to locate fixed pivots for 4-bar and 6-bar linkages.
3) Adding an extra link to an non-Grashof mechanism to satisfy the Grashof condition.
4) Specifying fixed pivots and positions to solve for a linkage that generates the required motion.
5) Designing 4-bar mechanisms to pass through three prescribed points or follow specified timing requirements.
6) Synthesizing a quick-return mechanism using toggle positions and a specified time ratio.
The document discusses various graphical synthesis methods for mechanism design including:
1) Determining the type and number of links required to generate a specified motion.
2) Using two or three positions of a coupler link to locate fixed pivots for 4-bar and 6-bar linkages.
3) Adding an extra link to an non-Grashof mechanism to satisfy the Grashof condition.
4) Specifying fixed pivots and positions to solve for a linkage that generates the required motion.
5) Designing quick-return mechanisms using the toggle positions of a crank-rocker.
The document provides an introduction to computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools and part programming. It discusses the evolution of CNC from numerical control, the development of computer-controlled machine tools, and some key components of CNC systems like controllers, feedback systems, and programming. The document also presents examples of different CNC machine types, industries that utilize CNC, sample CNC manufactured parts, and concepts like open-loop vs closed-loop control and manual part programming.
Solutions Manual for machine design by khurmi and GuptaAdnan Aslam
This document contains solutions to problems from machine design textbooks by Khurmi and Gupta provided by Eng. Younis Fakher for 4th year mechanical engineering students at Thi-Qar University College of Engineering in 2010-2011. The solutions cover problems from chapters 4 through 6.
This document summarizes the classification, nomenclature, and displacement diagrams of cams and followers. It describes radial and cylindrical cams based on the direction of follower motion relative to the cam axis. Followers are classified by the contact surface and motion, including knife edge, roller, flat, and spherical types, and reciprocating vs. rotating motion. Nomenclature for key cam and follower components is also defined, such as the cam profile, base circle, pitch curve, and pressure angle. Examples of cam configurations and calculations of maximum velocity and acceleration are provided.
Unit-3 - Velocity and acceleration of mechanisms, Kinematics of machines of VTU Syllabus prepared by Hareesha N Gowda, Asst. Prof, Dayananda Sagar College of Engg, Blore. Please write to hareeshang@gmail.com for suggestions and criticisms.
This document discusses tolerances, allowances, and fits between parts. It defines tolerance as the permissible variation in a dimension, given as the difference between maximum and minimum limits. Tolerances are necessary due to variations in materials and machines. The document provides examples of shaft and hole tolerances of 0.001 inches each, resulting in a clearance of 0.004 inches maximum. Allowance is defined as the intentional difference between the lower hole limit and higher shaft limit, ensuring the proper fit. The key difference between tolerance and allowance is that tolerance refers to variation within a single part, while allowance refers to the relationship between mating parts.
This document provides an overview of various machining operations including turning, drilling, milling, and others. It defines machining as a material removal process using sharp cutting tools. The main machining operations covered are turning operations on lathes such as facing, contour turning, and threading. Drilling operations like through holes, blind holes, reaming and tapping are also discussed. Milling operations like peripheral milling, face milling, end milling, and contour milling are summarized. The document also briefly covers other operations like shaping, planning, broaching, and sawing. It includes diagrams to illustrate the different operations.
This document is a manual for the CNC lab at B.L.D.E.A’S S S M Polytechnic in Vijayapur, compiled by S.D. Patil. It introduces numerical control and CNC machines, describes coordinate systems for drilling, milling, and turning operations. It also covers dimensioning systems, preparatory functions (G-codes), miscellaneous functions (M-codes), and provides examples of turning programs for operations like simple turning, step turning, and taper turning.
1. The document describes an experiment to construct a quick return mechanism using a linkage to transform uniform crank rotation into oscillating follower link motion and reciprocating slider motion.
2. Data was collected on crank angle versus slider displacement and plotted on a graph to analyze the quick motion of the mechanism.
3. It was found that the slider moves faster from right to left, with maximum velocity at 280 degrees crank angle and zero velocity at 240 degrees.
Kinematic synthesis deals with determining link lengths and orientations of mechanisms to satisfy motion requirements. This document discusses several key concepts in kinematic synthesis of planar mechanisms, including:
1) Movability/mobility synthesis which determines the degrees of freedom using Gruebler's criterion. The simplest mechanism is the four-bar linkage.
2) Transmission angle synthesis which aims to position links for maximum torque transmission, usually near 90°.
3) Limit positions and dead centers which are configurations of four-bar mechanisms where links are collinear.
4) Graphical synthesis methods using the pole and relative pole to determine link lengths and positions based on input/output motion specifications.
A coupling is a mechanical device that rigidly joins two rotating shafts together. There are three main types of couplings: rigid couplings for perfectly aligned shafts, flexible couplings for shafts with misalignment, and flange couplings which can transmit high torque capacities but do not tolerate misalignment or shocks/vibrations. Design of couplings involves calculating shaft diameters, sleeve/flange dimensions, key dimensions, and bolt diameters based on the transmitted power, material properties, and safety factors. Dimensional relationships and equations are used to check stresses in the various coupling components.
This document discusses the law of gearing in three main points:
1) The common normal at the point of contact between gear teeth must always pass through the pitch point. This is the fundamental condition for designing gear teeth profiles.
2) The angular velocity ratio between two gears must remain constant throughout meshing.
3) The angular velocity ratio is inversely proportional to the ratio of the distances of the pitch point P from the gear centers O1 and O2. The common normal intersecting the line of centers at P divides the center distance inversely proportional to the angular velocity ratio.
Cams are used to convert rotary motion to oscillatory motion or vice versa. They are commonly used in internal combustion engines to operate valves. This chapter discusses the fundamentals of cam and follower design including the different types of cams, followers, motions, and cam profiles. The objectives are to understand basic concepts and terminology and learn how to design a cam and follower set to achieve a desired output motion.
This document describes an experiment to perform step turning and taper turning operations on a lathe. The objective is to machine a mild steel rod using various lathe operations like centering, facing, plain turning, chamfering, step turning, grooving, and taper turning. Precautions are outlined like securely holding the workpiece and tool, maintaining optimal machining conditions, and clearing chips frequently. The results are that the experiment demonstrates how to perform taper and step turning on a lathe.
A presentation on the whitworth quick return mechanism, that covers the historical development of the mechanism, its applications, mathematical analysis, Solidworks and AdamsView Simulation images
- Today's lecture covers transmission angle, instantaneous center method, and locating instantaneous centers in mechanisms.
- The transmission angle between the output link and coupler is maximum at 90 degrees for maximum torque transmission.
- The instantaneous center method and relative velocity method can be used for velocity or acceleration analysis of mechanisms.
- The instantaneous center method uses the centers of rotation between two links to determine velocities. The number of instantaneous centers equals the number of possible link combinations.
This document provides an introduction to kinematics and the analysis of mechanisms using velocity and acceleration diagrams. It discusses:
1. Key concepts in mechanisms including different types of motion transformations and common mechanism components like four-bar linkages.
2. How to determine the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of points within a mechanism using either mathematical equations or graphical methods using velocity and acceleration diagrams.
3. How to construct velocity diagrams by determining the absolute and relative velocities of points and drawing them as vectors. This allows solving for unknown velocities.
4. How to extend the method to acceleration diagrams to determine centripetal and other accelerations which are important for calculating inertia forces.
The document provides examples
This document discusses the cam jump phenomenon in cam and follower mechanisms. It defines cam jump as occurring under high speeds when the unbalanced forces during negative acceleration exceed the spring force, causing the cam and follower to separate. It presents the equations of motion for a follower under the forces of inertia, spring, and cam. It identifies the critical speed as when the force on the follower is zero, indicating no contact. Above this speed, hammering noises occur due to cam jump. The document recommends increasing preload and spring stiffness to avoid cam jump to some extent.
This document discusses steering mechanisms for vehicles. It describes the condition for true rolling as having an instantaneous center where the front wheel axes meet the rear axis when turning. This requires the inner wheel to turn through a greater angle than the outer wheel. The main types of steering mechanisms are the Ackerman and Davis systems. The Ackerman mechanism is most widely used due to its simplicity and ability to achieve true rolling through an instantaneous center point between the wheel axes. It has turning pairs behind the wheels while the Davis mechanism has sliding pairs in front of the wheels and is more prone to wear.
The document discusses various graphical synthesis methods for mechanism design including:
1) Determining the type and number of links required to generate a specified motion.
2) Using two or three positions of a coupler link to locate fixed pivots for 4-bar and 6-bar linkages.
3) Adding an extra link to an non-Grashof mechanism to satisfy the Grashof condition.
4) Specifying fixed pivots and positions to solve for a linkage that generates the required motion.
5) Designing 4-bar mechanisms to pass through three prescribed points or follow specified timing requirements.
6) Synthesizing a quick-return mechanism using toggle positions and a specified time ratio.
The document discusses various graphical synthesis methods for mechanism design including:
1) Determining the type and number of links required to generate a specified motion.
2) Using two or three positions of a coupler link to locate fixed pivots for 4-bar and 6-bar linkages.
3) Adding an extra link to an non-Grashof mechanism to satisfy the Grashof condition.
4) Specifying fixed pivots and positions to solve for a linkage that generates the required motion.
5) Designing quick-return mechanisms using the toggle positions of a crank-rocker.
CURVE 1- THIS SLIDE CONTAINS WHOLE SYLLABUS OF ENGINEERING DRAWING/GRAPHICS. IT IS THE MOST SIMPLE AND INTERACTIVE WAY TO LEARN ENGINEERING DRAWING.SYLLABUS IS RELATED TO rajiv gandhi proudyogiki vishwavidyalaya / rajiv gandhi TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ,BHOPAL.
This document provides information on engineering curves and conic sections. It describes different methods for drawing ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas including the concentric circle method, rectangle method, oblong method, and arcs of circle method. It also discusses drawing tangents and normals to these curves. Conic sections such as ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas are formed by cutting a cone with different plane sections. The ratio of a point's distances from a fixed point and fixed line is used to define eccentricity for these curves.
This course introduces students to the fundamentals of kinematics and mechanisms, including analysis of displacement, velocity, and acceleration of various mechanisms. Students will learn to perform kinematic analysis and synthesis of mechanisms such as cams and gears. The course also covers static force analysis of mechanisms, gyroscopic effects, and balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. Assessment includes continuous assessments, mid-semester exams, and an end-semester examination focusing on topics such as kinematics of mechanisms, cam and gear design, static force analysis, gyroscopic effects, and mass balancing.
solution manual Design of Machinery: An Introduction to the Synthesis and Ana...MichaelLeigh25
Solutions Manual Full Download:https://www.solutions-guides.com/store/p45/_solutions_manual_Design_of_Machinery%3A_An_Introduction_to_the_Synthesis_and_Analysis_of_Mechanisms_and_Machines_Norton_5th_Edition.html#/
This document discusses the instantaneous center method for analyzing mechanisms. It defines key terms like instantaneous center, centrode, and axode. It explains how to determine the number and types of instant centers in a mechanism, including primary fixed/permanent centers and secondary centers. The document provides steps for locating all the instant centers using principles like Kennedy's theorem. It includes examples of applying the instant center method to determine velocities and angular velocities in different slider crank and linkage mechanisms.
The document provides details about the Mechanical Engineering course "Mechanics of Machinery" offered in the 5th semester. It includes information about the course code, category, credits, prerequisites, course outcomes, syllabus schedule, assessment pattern, and sample questions.
The key topics covered in the course include kinematics and analysis of mechanisms, cams and gears, static force analysis, gyroscopic effects, and balancing of rotating and reciprocating masses. Students will learn about displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of mechanisms, synthesis of cam profiles and mechanisms, and effects of forces on linkages. Assessment includes continuous tests, assignments, and an end semester exam focusing on topics like kinematics, gear trains, static force analysis
The document provides information on constructing conic sections like ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas using the eccentricity method. It gives step-by-step procedures to draw the curves based on the distance between the focus and directrix and the eccentricity. It also describes how to draw tangents and normals to these curves at any given point. Examples are included to practice constructing each type of conic section based on given parameters.
The document discusses various methods of drawing conic sections such as ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. It provides details on the concentric circle method, rectangle method, oblong method, arcs of circle method, and general locus method for drawing ellipses. For parabolas, it describes the rectangle method, tangent method, and basic locus method. The hyperbola can be drawn using the rectangular hyperbola method, basic locus method, and through a given point with its coordinates. The document also discusses how to draw tangents and normals to these conic section curves from a given point.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Curves2- THIS SLIDE CONTAINS WHOLE SYLLABUS OF ENGINEERING DRAWING/GRAPHICS. IT IS THE MOST SIMPLE AND INTERACTIVE WAY TO LEARN ENGINEERING DRAWING.SYLLABUS IS RELATED TO rajiv gandhi proudyogiki vishwavidyalaya / rajiv gandhi TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY ,BHOPAL.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
The document provides information on various methods to draw ellipses, parabolas, hyperbolas, and their tangents and normals. It defines conic sections as curves that appear when a cone is cut by a plane and discusses several geometric construction techniques. These include the concentric circle, rectangle, oblong, arcs of circles, and rhombus methods for drawing ellipses, as well as the rectangle, tangent, and directrix-focus methods for parabolas. Hyperbolas can be drawn using rectangular coordinates or the P-V diagram representation. Lastly, the document outlines how to find the tangent and normal to a conic section from a given point using properties of ellipses, parabolas and hyper
This document provides an overview of the contents of an engineering graphics course. It includes 17 sections covering topics like scales, engineering curves, orthographic projections, sections and developments, and isometric projections. For each section, it lists the subtopics that will be covered and provides example problems to solve. The document aims to introduce students to the key concepts and problem-solving techniques in engineering graphics.
The document describes various engineering curves including conic sections like ellipses, parabolas, and hyperbolas. It provides different methods for constructing these curves, such as the concentric circle method, rectangle method, and directrix-focus method. It also discusses drawing tangents and normals to the curves. Other curves covered include involutes, cycloids, trochoids, spirals, and helices. The document contains examples demonstrating how to apply these construction techniques to draw the curves based on given parameters.
engineering curves :Engineering curves are fundamental shapes used in design, analysis, and visualization across various engineering fields. They include conic sections, polynomials, splines, Bezier curves, and NURBS. Represented by explicit, parametric, or implicit equations, they possess properties like curvature and tangents. Engineers use them in CAD, graphics, motion planning, curve fitting, and manufacturing for tasks like interpolation and approximation. Understanding these curves is vital for effective engineering design and problem-solving.
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
2. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 2
• Dimensional Synthesis
Mechanism Synthesis
Design a mechanism to obtain a specified
motion or force.
– How many links should the
mechanism have? How many degrees of freedom
are desired?
• Number Synthesis
– given the required performance,
what type of mechanism is suitable? Linkages, gears,
cam and follower, belt and pulley and chain and
sprocket.
• Type Synthesis
– deals with determining
the length of all links, gear diameter, cam profile.
3. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 3
Mechanism Synthesis
Type Synthesis
The Associated Linkage Concept
It is desired to derive various types of mechanisms for driving a
slider with a linear translation along a fixed path in a machine.
Also, assume that the slider must move with a reciprocating
motion.
4-Bar
4. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 4
Mechanism Synthesis
Type Synthesis - The Associated Linkage Concept (6-Bar)
6-Bar
5. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 5
Limiting Conditions – 4 Bar Mechanism
Toggle positions of a crank-rocker mechanism. Links 2 and 3
become collinear.
6. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 6
Transmission Angle – 4 Bar Mechanism
The angle between link 3 and link 4 is
defined as the transmission angle
T4 = F34sin(µ) x (O4D)
7. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 7
Minimum Transmission Angle – 4 Bar Mechanism
Minimum transmission angle occurs when link 2 (crank) becomes
collinear with link 1 (ground link)
The minimum transmission angle should be greater than 40
o
to avoid
locking or jamming the mechanism
µ
Min. transmission
angle
Max. transmission
angle
9. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 9
Mechanical Advantage – 4 Bar Mechanism
O4B = 2(O2A)
rin = rout
µ = 60O
, v = 5O
M.A. = 20
µ
A
B
10. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 10
Mechanism Synthesis
Dimensional Synthesis
Graphical Methods – provide the designer with
a quick straightforward method but parameters
cannot easily be manipulated to create new
solutions.
– this approach is suitable
for automatic computation. Once a mechanism is
modeled and coded for computer, parameters are
easily manipulated to create new designs.
Analytical Methods
11. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 11
O2
O44. Select two fixed pivot points, O2
and O4, anywhere on the two
midnormals.
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
Two positions, coupler as the output
A1
A2
B1
B2
1. Draw the link AB in its two desired
positions, A1B1 and A2B2
5. Measure the length of all links,
O2A = link 2, AB = link 3,
O4B = link 4 and O2 O4 = link 1
2. Connect A1 to A2 and B1 to B2.
3. Draw two lines perpendicular to
A1 A2 and B1B2 at the midpoint
(midnormals).
12. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 12
O4O2
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
Three positions, coupler as the output
A1
A2
A3
B1
B2
B3
Same procedure as for two positions.
1. Draw the link AB in three desired
positions.
2. Draw the midnormals to A1A2 and A2A3,
the intersection locates the fixed pivot
point O2. Same for point B to obtain
second pivot point O4.
3. Check the accuracy of the mechanism,
Grashof condition and the transmission
angle.
4. Change the second position of link
AB to vary the locations of the fixed
points
13. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 13
O6
4. Select any location on
this line for third fixed
pivot, O6.
D2
5. Draw a circle with
radius C1C2 / 2. The
radius is the length of
the sixth link.
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
Adding a Dyad to a non-Grashof mechanism.
A1
A2
B1
B2
O2
O4
2
3
4
1. Draw the four bar in
both positions
C1 C2
2. Select any point C on
link 2.
3. Connect C1 to C2 and
extend.
5
6
6. Measure O6D = link 6,
DC = link 5
14. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 14
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
A1
A
B1
O4
O6
C
DO2
B32 4
5
6
6-Bar Grashof mechanism
17. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 17
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
Two positions Grashof 4-Bar mechanism with rocker as the output
D1
C1
C2
D2
O2
5. Connect B1 to B2 and extend. Select
any location on this line for fixed
pivot point O2.
O2A = B1B2 / 2
7. Measure the length of all links, O2A = link 2,
AB = link 3, O4CD = link 4 and O2 O4 = link 1
1. Draw the link CD in its two desired
positions, C1D1 and C2D2
2. Connect C1 to C2 and D1 to D2 and
draw two midnormals to C1C2 and
D1D2
O4
3. The intersection of the two
midnormals is the fixed pivot point
O4.
B1 B2
4. Select point B1 anywhere on link
O4C1 and locate B2 so O4B1= O4B2
A2
6. Draw a circle with radius B1 B2 / 2,
point A is the intersection of the
circle with the B1 B2 extension.
18. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 18
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
Two positions Grashof 4-Bar mechanism
with rocker as the output
D1
C1
C2
A2
O4
O2
B2
D2
20. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 20
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
Three positions with specified fixed pivot points,
coupler as the output
C1
D1
C2
C3
D2
D3
O4
O2
1. Draw the link CD in its
three desired positions,
C1D1, C2D2 and C3D3
and locate the fixed
pivot points O2 and O4.
2. Draw an arc from C1
with radius O2C2 and
another arc from D1
with radius O2D2.
Locate the intersection,
O’2.
3. Draw an arc from C1
with radius O4C2 and
another arc from D1
with radius O4D2.
Locate the intersection,
O’4.
O’
4
O’
2
O’2
O’4
21. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 21
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
C1
D1
C2
C3
D2
D3
O4
O2
O’
2
O’
4
Three positions with specified fixed pivot points,
coupler as the output
4. Draw an arc from C1
with radius O2C3 and
another arc from D1
with radius O2D3.
Locate the intersection,
O”2.
5. Draw an arc from C1
with radius O4C3 and
another arc from D1
with radius O4D3.
Locate the intersection,
O”4.
O”
2
O”
4
O”2
O”4
22. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 22
C1
D1
C2
C3
D2
O4
O2
O”
2
O”
4
O’
2
O’
4
G
H
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
Three positions with specified fixed pivot points,
coupler as the output
D3
6. Connect O2 to O’2 and O’2 to
O”2 . Draw two midnormals and
locate the intersection, G.
7. Connect O4 to O”4 and O”4 to
O’4 . Draw two midnormals and
locate the intersection, H.
8. O2G is link 2 and O4H is link 4.
9. Construct a link (3) containing
GH and CD.
10. Verify the solution by
constructing the mechanism in
three position
23. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 23
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
C1
D1
C2
C3
D2
O4
O2
G
H
D3
24. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 24
Graphical Synthesis – Motion Generation Mechanism
Three positions with specified fixed pivot points, coupler as the output.
25. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 25
O4O2
2. Select the location of the fixed
pivot points, O2 and O4.
Graphical Synthesis – Path Generation Mechanism
Three prescribed points.
5. Measure angles α1 (O2A1P1), α2 and
α3.
α1
α2
α3
P1 P2
P3
1. Draw the three desired points, P1,
P2, and P3.
A1
3. Select the length of the crank O2A
and the coupler side AP. A3
A2
4. With A1P1 established, locate A2
and A3, A1P1 = A2P2 = A3P3.
Design a 4-Bar in such a way that a point on the coupler passes thru three
specified points
26. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 26
Graphical Synthesis – Path Generation Mechanism
Three prescribed points.
Locate moving pivot B by means of kinematic inversion. Fix coupler AP in
position 1 and rotate O2O4.
O4
O2
P1 P2
P3
A1
11. Verify the mechanism.
B
O”4
O’2
6. Rotate A1O2 about A1 by (α2
– α1) to O’2 .
O’4
7. Draw an arc from O’2 with radius
O2O4 , draw another arc from P1 with
radius P2O4 , locate the intersection,
O’4 .
O”2
8. Rotate A1O2 about A1 by (α3 – α1)
to O”2 .
9. Draw an arc from O”2 with radius
O2O4 , draw another arc from P1
with radius P3O4 , locate the
intersection, O”4 .
10. Connect O4 to O’4 and O’4 to O”4
and draw the midnormals. Locate
the intersection, B.
27. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 27
O2
1. Select location of the fixed pivot point O2.
Graphical Synthesis – Path Generation Mechanism
with Prescribed Timing
Three prescribed points
Timing requirements:
input crank rotation α, mechanism moves from P1 to P2
input crank rotation β, mechanism moves from P1 to P3
P1 P2
P3
6. Follow the same procedure as before ,
for without timing, to locate the
moving pivot point B.
A
Note: timing takes away the free
choices of the crank length and
coupler length AP.
P’2
α
2. Rotate O2P2 , in the opposite direction
of motion, through angle α, P’2.
P’3
β
3. Rotate O2P3 ,in the opposite
direction of motion, through
angle β, P’3.
4. Draw midnormals to P1P’2 and
P1P’3.and locate the intersection
A.
5. Measure O2A = link 2 and AP.
28. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 28
Graphical Synthesis; Quick – Return Mechanism
Q = time of advance stroke / time of return stroke
Q > 1 quick-return mechanism
Advance stroke – mechanism operates under the load.
Return stroke – mechanism operates under no load.
4-Bar crank-Rocker mechanism
29. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 29
Quick – Return Mechanism
Consider the two toggle positions of a
crank-rocker mechanism.
O4O2
B1
2
3 4
A1
B2
A2
C
Locate point C to satisfy the following two conditions;
1) C is on extension of line A2B2.
2) O2C = O2B1 = r2 + r3
B2C = r2 +r3 - (r3 – r2) = 2r2
r3
– r2
30. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 30
Quick – Return Mechanism
O4O2
B1
2
3 4
A1
B2
A2
C
α
180 – α, Return stroke
Q = advance / Return = (180 + α) / (180 – α), Time Ratio
31. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 31
Synthesis of a Quick – Return Mechanism
Known or selected;
Rocker angle, φ
Rocker length, r4
Time ratio, Q
Determine; r1, r2, r3
O4
1. Select the location for the fixed
pivot point, O4.
O2
6. The intersection of XX’ and YY’ is
the other fixed pivot, O2
X
4. Construct an arbitrary line XX’
through point B1.
X’
5. Construct the line YY’ through
point B2 making an angle α with
XX’.
Y
Y’
α
2. Draw the two toggle positions,
knowing r4 and φ.
B1
B2
φ
3. Calculate the angle α from known
time ratio Q = (180 + α) / (180 – α)
32. Ken Youssefi Mechanical & 32
Synthesis of a Quick – Return Mechanism
O2
X
Y’
O4
X’
Y
B1
B2
7. Locate point C on YY’ so O2C = O2 B1.
C
9. Calculate the length of link 3, AB = r3 = O2 B1 – r2
8. Measure length B2 C, Link 2 = r2 = (B2 C) /2
2r2
A1
r2
A2
A
O4O2
B
10. Verify the motion of the mechanism and check the
minimum transmission angle.