The document details the quick return mechanism, emphasizing its role in converting rotary motion to reciprocating motion in machines like shaping machines and impacting presses. It distinguishes between simple and compound mechanisms, explaining their applications and how they achieve varied stroke speeds to minimize non-productive time. Additionally, it covers theoretical calculations, kinematic analyses, and dynamic analyses relevant to the mechanism's function and performance.

1. Quick return mechanism:Name of Experiment
Apparatus:
Quick return mechanism
Figure:
:Abstract
In this mechanism it must be founded the max velocity and min velocity to obtained
the max force required
:Theory
:Mechanism
When one of the links of a kinematics chain is fixed, the chain is known as
mechanisms. It may
be used for transmitting or transforming motion e.g. engine indicators, typewriter etc.
Types:
a) Simple mechanism
b) Compound mechanism
a) Simple Mechanism:
A mechanism with four links is known as simple mechanism.
b) Compound Mechanism:
The mechanism with more than four links is known as compound mechanism

2. Machine:
When a mechanism is required to transmit power or to some particular type of work;
it then becomes a machine.
In such cases the links is to be designed to withstand the force (both static and kinetic
safely) A little consideration will show that a mechanism may be regarded as a
machine in which each part is reduced to the simplest form to transmit the required
motion
Inversion:
Sometimes, one of the links in a kinematic chain is fixed. In such a case, we may
obtain as many mechanisms as the links of the kinematic chain. This method of
obtaining different mechanisms by fixing in turns different links in a kinematic chain,
is known as inversion
Types of kinematic chains:
The most important kinematic chains are those which consist of four lower pairs, each
pair being
a sliding pair or a turning pair. The following types of kinematic chain are important
from subject
point of view:
a. four bar chain or quadratic cycle chain
1. Beam engine
2. Coupling rod of locomotive
3. Watt’s indicator mechanism
b. Single slider crank chain
1. Pendulum pump
2. Oscillating cylinder engine
Quick return motion mechanism.3
4. Rotary I.C. engine (Gnome engine)
c. Double slider crank chain

3. 3. Crank and slotted lever quick return motion mechanism:
This mechanism is mostly used in shaping machine, slotting machine and in rotary
internal
combustion engine. The mechanism consists of a fixed link AC as shown in fig
The driving crank revolves with uniform angular speed about the fixed center C.A
sliding block attached to the crank pin at E slides along the slotted bar AP and thus
causes AP to oscillate about
The fixed center A. A short link bar PR transmit the motion from AP to the ram which
carries the
tool and reciprocates along the line of stroke R 1 R2. The line of stroke of the ram (R
1 R2) is
perpendicular to AO produced. In the extreme position, AP and AP2 are tangential to
the circle
and the cutting tool is at the end of the stroke. The cutting stroke occurs when the
crank rotates
from the position CB1 to CB2 (or through an angle beta) in the clockwise direction.
The return
stroke occurs when the crank rotates from the position CB2to CB1 (or through an
angle alpha) in
the clockwise direction

4. Working of Quick Return Mechanism:
A quick return mechanism such as the one seen below is used where there is a need to
convert rotary motion into reciprocating motion. As the disc rotates the black slide
moves forwards and backwards. Many machines have this type of mechanism and in
the school workshop the best
example is the shaping machine.
Purpose:
It is often desirable to reduce the non-productive time in machining so we use quick
return mechanism to let the backward stroke operate at a higher speed than forward
stroke.
Applications:
Presses:
The Whitworth quick return mechanism has been modified and used for constructing
high velocity impacting press. The impacting press drive consists of a Whitworth
quick return mechanism consisting of a crank and a drive arm together with a variable
speed dc. motor, a flywheel, bearings, etc. The end of the drive arm is attached by a
connecting rod to a cycloidal cam. In single cycle operation, the cam is made to
engage with an upper platen (or ram) which impacts the work piece. The upper platen
and cam are both mounted on multi rod supports with linear ball bushings. A brake is
provided on the flywheel for emergency purposes. The high speed impacting presses
are subject to severe dynamic forces when operating at speeds of 200 rpm and greater.
Although the mechanism has been designed to withstand operation at higher
frequencies,the loads transmitted to the building foundations because unwanted
vibrations and noise.
Shaper machine:
Shaper consists of a hollow machine bed made of cast iron which rests on the ground.
Inside the hollow portion the machine drive mechanism is housed. This mechanism is
called slotted lever quick return mechanism and it drives a horizontal ram which
reciprocates in the guide ways provided on the top surface of the machine frame.
Since useful work is done only during the forward stroke of ram, the mechanism
driving the ram is so designed that the return stroke is completed in much less time
than the forward stroke. The slotted lever quick return mechanism is shown in Figs.

5. T The crank AB (of adjustable length R) rotates with a uniform angular speed. The
crank pin B is in the shape of a die block which is free to slide inside the slot in the
slotted lever OBC. This slotted lever is pivoted at O and the other end C is connected
to the ram by a short link arm as shown in Fig. (a). When the crank AB rotates
clockwise from position AB1to AB2, the ram moves forward from left to right and
when it rotates from position AB2to AB1the ram returns back to its original position.
Clearly the time taken to complete forward stroke is proportional to angle α (refer to
Fig. (b)) and the return stroke is completed in less time which is proportional to angle
β.
C
A
O
B
O`'
L2 L1

6. 𝑂𝐴 = 𝑂` 𝐴` = 4 ∙ 5𝑐𝑚
𝑂`
𝐵 = 19𝑐𝑚
𝑂`
𝐴`
= 𝑂`
𝐴 = 15𝑐𝑚
𝑂𝐴` = 𝑂𝐴 = 4 ∙ 5𝑐𝑚
𝑂` 𝐴` = 6 ∙ 5𝑐𝑚
the rules of experience practicethe rules of experience theoretically
𝒅𝒙 𝒅𝒕⁄ = 𝒗
∆𝒙 ∆𝒕⁄ = 𝒗
∆𝑥
∆𝜃
∙
∆𝜃
∆𝑡
= 𝑣
∆2 𝑥
∆𝜃2
= 𝑎
𝑉𝐴 = 𝜔 ∗ 𝑂𝐴
𝑉𝐴 = 𝐶 ∗ 𝑂𝐴
𝐿1
𝐿2
=
𝐿 𝐴
𝐿 𝐴`
𝑉𝑏 = 𝑉𝐶
𝑉𝑎 = 𝑉𝑎`
𝑂`
𝐵
𝑂` 𝐴`
=
𝑉𝑏
𝑉𝑎`
𝑂` 𝐵
𝑂` 𝐴`
=
𝑉𝐶
𝑉𝑎
1
2
𝑚𝑣𝑐
2 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝐿1
𝑉𝐴` = 𝑂`
𝐴`
∗ 𝜔
𝐴`
𝑜`
𝐴`
𝑜`
𝐴`
𝑂`
𝐴`
B

7. The table shows the practical aspect of the experience with the reading process calculations
NO Ө x ∆Ө ∆x ∆x∕∆Ө=v
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 10 0.05 10 0.19 0.019
3 20 0.24 10 0.4 0.04
4 30 0.64 10 0.55 0.055
5 40 1.19 10 0.67 0.067
6 50 1.86 10 0.94 0.094
7 60 2.8 10 0.9 0.09
8 70 3.7 10 0.76 0.076
9 80 4.46 10 0.64 0.064
10 90 5.1 10 0.43 0.043
11 100 5.53 10 0.32 0.032
12 110 5.85 10 0.15 0.015
13 120 6 10 0.07 0.007
14 130 6.07 10 -0.02 -0.002
15 140 6.05 10 -0.09 -0.009
16 150 5.96 10 -0.16 -0.016
17 160 5.8 10 -0.16 -0.016
18 170 5.64 10 -0.22 -0.022
19 180 5.42 10 -0.26 -0.026
20 190 5.16 10 -0.29 -0.029
21 200 4.87 10 -0.32 -0.032
22 210 4.55 10 -0.34 -0.034
23 220 4.21 10 -0.33 -0.033
24 230 3.88 10 -0.37 -0.037
25 240 3.51 10 -0.39 -0.039
26 250 3.12 10 -0.38 -0.038
27 260 2.74 10 -0.39 -0.039
28 270 2.35 10 -0.35 -0.035
29 280 2 10 -0.38 -0.038
30 290 1.62 10 -0.34 -0.034
31 300 1.28 10 -0.36 -0.036
32 310 0.92 10 -0.28 -0.028
33 320 0.64 10 -0.27 -0.027
34 330 0.37 10 -0.353 -0.0353
35 340 0.017 10 0.033 0.0033
36 350 0.05 10 -0.05 -0.005
37 360 0 0 0 0

8. Theoretical calculations:
ω = 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭
VA` = 6.5 ∗ 10−2 = 0 ∙ 065
𝑉𝐴` = 𝑂` 𝐴` ∗ 𝜔
𝑉𝐴` = 4 ∙ 5 ∗ 10−2 = 0 ∙ 045
Resultant:
Max and min velocity
Experience practiceA-
Max
NO Ө x ∆Ө ∆x ∆x∕∆Ө=v
6 50 1.86 10 0.94 0.094
Min
NO Ө x ∆Ө ∆x ∆x∕∆Ө=v
25 240 3.51 10 -0.39 -0.039
27 260 2.74 10 -0.39 -0.039
B-Theoretical
MAX
VA` = O`A` ∗ ω
VA` = 6.5 ∗ 10−2
= 0 ∙ 065
MIN
𝑉𝐴` = 𝑂` 𝐴` ∗ 𝜔
𝑉𝐴` = 4 ∙ 5 ∗ 10−2 = 0 ∙ 045
1.The relationship between ; (x, Ө)

9. 2.The relationship between ; (∆x∕∆Ө, Ө)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
X
Ө
-0.06
-0.04
-0.02
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
0.12
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
∆x∕∆Ө
Ө

10. Discussions:
1. What are the max and min velocity for milling machine and what the factors
required?
The speed depends on the type of metal and the amount of feed
Calculation for Cutting Speed, Spindle Speed and Feed
1.The speed is maximum when the machine is free from work. There is no feed. If the
navel is high and the feeding process occurs, problems will occur in either the cutting
pen or the metal to be operated
2. Be the speed min in a way to go to work when occur process feeding the metal
operator be speed slow to keep the metal operator and keep pens pieces in order to not
occur vibrations in the machine
The factors required for milling machine
1 .The type of metal used in the machine components, the teeth of the wreck,
the machine cover and thickness
2 .The type of treatment for the metal used in manufacturing, the safety factor
of the machine and the extent of the operator's experience
3 .Test results and workplace of the machine Do you agree to the terms of
use
4 .The capacity of the motor and its ability to operate continuously

11. 2. Find the max displacement with max force
1
2
𝑚𝑣𝑐
2 = 𝐹 ∙ 𝐿1
In order to derive the force vectors of these mechanisms, one must approach a
mechanical design consisting of both kinematic and dynamic analyses.
Kinematic Analysis
Breaking the mechanism up into separate vectors and components allows us to create
a kinematic analysis that can solve for the maximum velocity, acceleration, and force
the mechanism is capable of in three-dimensional space Most of the equations
involved in the quick return mechanism setup originate from Hamilton's principle
The position of the arm can be found at different times using the substitution of
Euler's formula
Into the different components that have been pre-determined, according to the setup.
This substitution can solve for various radii and components of the displacement of
the arm at different values. Trigonometry is needed for the complete understanding of
the kinematic analyses of the mechanism, where the entire design can be transcribed
onto a plane layout, highlighting all of the vector components.
An important concept for the analysis of the velocity of the disc relative to the arm is
the angular velocity of the disc:
If one desires to calculate the velocity, one must derive the angles of interaction at a
single moment of time, making this equation useful.
Dynamic Analysis
In addition to the kinematic analysis of a quick return mechanism, there is a dynamic
analysis present. At certain lengths and attachments, the arm of the mechanism can be
evaluated and then adjusted to certain preferences. For example, the differences in the
forces acting upon the system at an instant can be represented by Alembert's principle.
Depending on the structural design of the quick return mechanism, the law of cosines
can be used to determine the angles and displacements of the arm. The ratio between
the working stroke (engine) and the return stroke can be simplified through the
manipulation of these concepts. Despite similarities between quick return
mechanisms, there are many different possibilities for the outline of all forces, speeds,
lengths, motions, functions, and vectors in a mechanism.

12. Baghdad University
College of Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Name of Experiment
"Quick return mechanism"
Preparation:
Saif al-Din Ali Madi
The second phase
Group "A"