This document is a manual for the CNC lab at B.L.D.E.A’S S S M Polytechnic in Vijayapur, compiled by S.D. Patil. It introduces numerical control and CNC machines, describes coordinate systems for drilling, milling, and turning operations. It also covers dimensioning systems, preparatory functions (G-codes), miscellaneous functions (M-codes), and provides examples of turning programs for operations like simple turning, step turning, and taper turning.
This document discusses CNC milling and provides information on:
1. CNC milling uses a prepared program to control the functions and motions of a machine tool.
2. The benefits of CNC milling include high accuracy, short production time, and reduced human error. The drawbacks include high costs and maintenance.
3. It describes various milling operations like profile, drilling, pocket milling, and mirroring operations. It also discusses G-codes and M-codes used in CNC programming.
CNC machines use computer programs and numeric control to operate machine tools like milling machines and lathes. Key features include automated tool changes and multi-axis movement controlled by motors. CNC programming involves specifying coordinates, feed rates, spindle speeds, and preparatory codes like G-codes for different motions and functions. Programs are debugged to ensure accurate machining based on part designs.
The document provides information on profile milling and contains 6 examples of CNC part programs for milling various components. The programs use G-code commands like G00, G01, G02, G03 as well as M-codes to perform operations like tool changes, spindle control and returning to reference points. Subprograms are used to repeat machining operations through the use of M98 calls and parameters.
Producing hole is one of the most common machining operation on a machining center.
Machining center have many hole making cycles such as Spot Drilling, Reaming, Deep Hole drilling, Peck drilling etc.
in this Ppt all canned cycle are explained i;e G70 G71 G72 G73 G75 G76 G81
Modern precision manufacturing demands extreme dimensional accuracy and surface finish.Such performance is very difficult to achieve manually, if not impossible, even with expert operators. In cases where it is possible, it takes much higher time due to the need for frequent dimensional measurement to prevent overcutting. It is thus obvious that automated motion control would replace manual “handwheel” control in modern manufacturing. Development of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines has also made possible the automation of the machining processes with flexibility to handle production of small to medium batch of parts. In the 1940s when the U.S. Air Force perceived the need to manufacture complex parts for highspeed aircraft. This led to the development of computer-based automatic machine tool controls also known as the Numerical Control (NC) systems. Commercial production of NC machine tools started around the fifties and sixties around the world. Note that at this time the microprocessor has not yet been invented. Initially, the CNC technology was applied on lathes, milling machines, etc. which could perform a single type of metal cutting operation. Later, attempt was made to handle a variety of workpieces that may require several different types machining operations and to finish them in a single set-up. Thus CNC machining Centres capable of performing multiple operations were developed. To start with, CNC machining centres were developed for machining prismatic components combining operations like milling, drilling, boring and tapping. Gradually machines for manufacturing cylindrical components, called turning centers were developed.
Automatically controlling a machine tool based on a set of pre-programmed machining and movement instructions is known as numerical control, or NC.In a typical NC system the motion and machining instructions and the related numerical data, together called a part program, used to be written on a punched tape. The part program is arranged in the form of blocks of information, each related to a particular operation in a sequence
of operations needed for producing a mechanical component. The punched tape used to be read one block at a time. Each block contained, in a particular syntax, information needed for processing a particular machining instruction such as, the segment length, its cutting speed, feed, etc. These pieces of information were related to the final dimensions of the workpiece (length, width, and radii of circles) and the contour forms (linear, circular, or other) as per the drawing. Based on these dimensions, motion commands were given separately for each axis of motion. Other instructions and related machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, as well as auxiliary functions related to coolant flow, spindle speed, part clamping, are also provided in part programs depending on manufacturing specifications such as tolerance and surface finish. Punched tapes are mostly obsolete.
The document discusses programming for CNC lathes using FANUC controllers. It describes the coordinate systems, program structure including start-up, profile and end programs. It provides details on common G-codes and M-codes used in CNC lathe programming along with examples of cycles for facing, turning, taper turning, grooving and multiple operations.
This document provides an overview of CNC (computer numerical control) machines. It discusses the history and evolution of CNC machines from the 1940s to present day. The key elements of a CNC machine are described as the input device, machine control unit, machine tool, driving system, feedback devices, and display unit. The document also covers the basic programming and operation of CNC machines using G and M codes to control axes movement, feed rates, spindle speeds, tool changes, and other functions. Advantages of CNC include easier programming and reducing human errors, while challenges include high setup costs and requiring computer and programming knowledge.
Machine tools are powered machines used for metal cutting and finishing operations to shape workpieces. Lathes are one of the earliest and most important machine tools, capable of turning, facing, boring, drilling, threading, knurling, and other operations. The basic elements of a lathe include the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, saddle, and tooling such as the cross slide and compound rest. Turning operations produce straight, conical, or curved surfaces, while other operations like facing, boring, and threading create specific surface features.
This document discusses CNC milling and provides information on:
1. CNC milling uses a prepared program to control the functions and motions of a machine tool.
2. The benefits of CNC milling include high accuracy, short production time, and reduced human error. The drawbacks include high costs and maintenance.
3. It describes various milling operations like profile, drilling, pocket milling, and mirroring operations. It also discusses G-codes and M-codes used in CNC programming.
CNC machines use computer programs and numeric control to operate machine tools like milling machines and lathes. Key features include automated tool changes and multi-axis movement controlled by motors. CNC programming involves specifying coordinates, feed rates, spindle speeds, and preparatory codes like G-codes for different motions and functions. Programs are debugged to ensure accurate machining based on part designs.
The document provides information on profile milling and contains 6 examples of CNC part programs for milling various components. The programs use G-code commands like G00, G01, G02, G03 as well as M-codes to perform operations like tool changes, spindle control and returning to reference points. Subprograms are used to repeat machining operations through the use of M98 calls and parameters.
Producing hole is one of the most common machining operation on a machining center.
Machining center have many hole making cycles such as Spot Drilling, Reaming, Deep Hole drilling, Peck drilling etc.
in this Ppt all canned cycle are explained i;e G70 G71 G72 G73 G75 G76 G81
Modern precision manufacturing demands extreme dimensional accuracy and surface finish.Such performance is very difficult to achieve manually, if not impossible, even with expert operators. In cases where it is possible, it takes much higher time due to the need for frequent dimensional measurement to prevent overcutting. It is thus obvious that automated motion control would replace manual “handwheel” control in modern manufacturing. Development of computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines has also made possible the automation of the machining processes with flexibility to handle production of small to medium batch of parts. In the 1940s when the U.S. Air Force perceived the need to manufacture complex parts for highspeed aircraft. This led to the development of computer-based automatic machine tool controls also known as the Numerical Control (NC) systems. Commercial production of NC machine tools started around the fifties and sixties around the world. Note that at this time the microprocessor has not yet been invented. Initially, the CNC technology was applied on lathes, milling machines, etc. which could perform a single type of metal cutting operation. Later, attempt was made to handle a variety of workpieces that may require several different types machining operations and to finish them in a single set-up. Thus CNC machining Centres capable of performing multiple operations were developed. To start with, CNC machining centres were developed for machining prismatic components combining operations like milling, drilling, boring and tapping. Gradually machines for manufacturing cylindrical components, called turning centers were developed.
Automatically controlling a machine tool based on a set of pre-programmed machining and movement instructions is known as numerical control, or NC.In a typical NC system the motion and machining instructions and the related numerical data, together called a part program, used to be written on a punched tape. The part program is arranged in the form of blocks of information, each related to a particular operation in a sequence
of operations needed for producing a mechanical component. The punched tape used to be read one block at a time. Each block contained, in a particular syntax, information needed for processing a particular machining instruction such as, the segment length, its cutting speed, feed, etc. These pieces of information were related to the final dimensions of the workpiece (length, width, and radii of circles) and the contour forms (linear, circular, or other) as per the drawing. Based on these dimensions, motion commands were given separately for each axis of motion. Other instructions and related machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, as well as auxiliary functions related to coolant flow, spindle speed, part clamping, are also provided in part programs depending on manufacturing specifications such as tolerance and surface finish. Punched tapes are mostly obsolete.
The document discusses programming for CNC lathes using FANUC controllers. It describes the coordinate systems, program structure including start-up, profile and end programs. It provides details on common G-codes and M-codes used in CNC lathe programming along with examples of cycles for facing, turning, taper turning, grooving and multiple operations.
This document provides an overview of CNC (computer numerical control) machines. It discusses the history and evolution of CNC machines from the 1940s to present day. The key elements of a CNC machine are described as the input device, machine control unit, machine tool, driving system, feedback devices, and display unit. The document also covers the basic programming and operation of CNC machines using G and M codes to control axes movement, feed rates, spindle speeds, tool changes, and other functions. Advantages of CNC include easier programming and reducing human errors, while challenges include high setup costs and requiring computer and programming knowledge.
Machine tools are powered machines used for metal cutting and finishing operations to shape workpieces. Lathes are one of the earliest and most important machine tools, capable of turning, facing, boring, drilling, threading, knurling, and other operations. The basic elements of a lathe include the bed, headstock, tailstock, carriage, saddle, and tooling such as the cross slide and compound rest. Turning operations produce straight, conical, or curved surfaces, while other operations like facing, boring, and threading create specific surface features.
This document discusses tool geometry and signatures for single point cutting tools. It defines key tool angles such as rake angles, clearance angles, and cutting edge angles. Rake angles are provided for chip flow, while clearance angles avoid rubbing between the tool and workpiece. The document then explains ANSI tool signature standards and defines each element of a signature for a single point tool, including back rake angle, side rake angle, end and side relief angles, end and side cutting edge angles, and nose radius. An example signature of 0-7-6-8-15-16-0.8 is provided.
The document discusses different methods of NC part programming including manual part programming, computer-assisted part programming, manual data input, NC programming using CAD/CAM, and computer automated part programming. It also provides details on punched tape formats, G-codes and M-codes used in NC part programming.
Automatic lathes are machine tools that can machine components automatically through an entire work cycle without operator participation. They are used for high volume production. The machines contain control systems that actuate all tool and workpiece movements in a defined sequence. Automatic lathes are classified based on how they load workpieces, number of spindles, and orientation of spindles. Single spindle automatics include cutoff machines and screw machines. Multi-spindle automatics like parallel action and progressive action machines can machine multiple workpieces simultaneously to greatly increase production rates.
The document provides an introduction and overview of numerical control (NC). It discusses the history of NC from its origins in 1947 to develop repeatable machining. It also covers the basic components of an NC system including the controller, machine tool, programming, and coding. Additional topics include CNC machine types, programming methods, and the advantages of NC automation.
The document provides information on operating and programming a CNC lathe. It includes warnings and cautions for safe operation, machine start and zero procedures, specifications for the machine, descriptions of common G-codes and M-codes used in programs, and examples of G71 and G72 stock removal cycles and a G75 grooving cycle. Safety is emphasized, with warnings to always wear protective equipment, properly clamp workpieces, and follow manufacturer guidelines. Programming and operation details are outlined to correctly home the machine, set work offsets, run simulations, and execute programs.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Nilrajsinh Vasandia on introduction to NC, CNC, and DNC machine tools. The presentation included definitions and components of NC, CNC, and DNC systems. It discussed the differences between NC, CNC, and DNC, covering topics like part program input/storage, program modification, the inclusion of feedback systems, and ability to import CAD files. Motion control systems and programming methods for NC and CNC machines were also outlined.
The document describes milling machine operations. It defines milling, the main components of milling machines, and different types of milling machines including horizontal, vertical, and speciality machines. It also explains various milling techniques such as plain milling, face milling, end milling, and gang milling. Key parts of milling machines like the spindle, table, and arbor are identified. Methods like up milling and down milling are compared.
This document describes the key components and geometry of a single point cutting tool. A single point cutting tool has a shank that fits into the tool holder, a face along which chips slide upwards, and two cutting edges - a side cutting edge and an end cutting edge where material is removed. It also has flank surfaces below the cutting edges and a nose or cutting point where the edges intersect. The document outlines the various angles of a single point cutting tool, including the end cutting edge angle, side cutting edge angle, back rake angle, and relief angles, which are important for tool function. Tool shape is specified using a signature that lists the numerical values of these angles and the nose radius.
The document discusses ultrasonic machining (USM), which uses high-frequency vibrations and an abrasive slurry to erode material. USM can machine hard and brittle materials by using a vibrating tool to drive abrasive particles against the workpiece. The document outlines the principles, components, process parameters, applications, and advantages/disadvantages of USM. It describes how the tool, transducer, abrasives, and other system parts work together to remove material through brittle fracture caused by abrasive particle impacts. Examples are given of complex features that can be machined using USM.
The document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It begins by explaining the history of numerical control, which was developed in the 1950s and used coded instructions to automate machine tools. The development of electronics like microprocessors led to computer-based CNC systems with greater flexibility and precision. CNC machines are now used across many industries to automate machining processes. The document outlines the advantages of CNC machines like higher productivity, quality and accuracy compared to manual machine tools. It provides definitions of CNC and describes the typical components and closed-loop control systems used.
- Mirror image mode can be turned on and off for each axis using G15.1 and G50.1 codes. G51.1 is used to turn mirror image on and specify the mirroring axis and center, while G50.1 turns it off and specifies the axis.
- G68 applies a coordinate rotation to part program coordinates. It specifies the rotation center and angle in degrees. G69 cancels any active rotation.
- G16 enters polar coordinate mode where moves are specified as an radius and angle relative to a temporary center point. G15 exits this mode and returns to Cartesian coordinates.
Tool presetting involves measuring tools offline using a presetting device to determine the tool tip location relative to the spindle. This allows setting tools in advance to reduce unproductive time and increase accuracy. There are manual and automatic methods, with automatic being faster and more precise. Presetting devices measure length and diameter to calculate offsets that are input into the CNC to precisely position the tool. While modern CNCs have reduced the need for presetting, it remains important for high-precision or high-volume production to prevent scrapped parts.
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It traces the evolution from manual machine tools to CNC machines, which are now controlled by programming codes and allow for automated, precise machining. The document also describes the different types of CNC machines and their applications in manufacturing industries like aerospace and automotive.
The document discusses various topics related to manufacturing processes including conventional and non-conventional machining processes, CNC machining, cutting speeds, feeds, tool offsets, programming codes and functions. It provides information on different machine tools, machining centers, transducers and controllers used in manufacturing. Cutting speed and feed rate tables are included for a variety of materials.
This document provides an overview of CNC machines. It discusses that CNC machines use a computer to convert a design into numerical codes that control machine tools to precisely shape materials. The history of CNC machines is explored, from early numerically controlled machines to modern CNCs linked directly to computers. Key parts of CNC machines are described along with their advantages in automating production, improving quality and accuracy, and manufacturing complex designs. Applications and some safety considerations are also summarized.
Non-traditional machining techniques remove material using various energy sources besides traditional cutting tools. They are divided into mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical techniques. Non-traditional techniques are needed for hard or complex materials, and can machine intricate shapes and deep holes. Selection depends on the part geometry, material properties, machining capabilities, and cost effectiveness. While more expensive initially than traditional techniques, non-traditional machining offers higher precision, surface finish, and ability to machine difficult materials.
This document discusses adaptive control systems for machining. It defines adaptive control as a feedback system that automatically adjusts machining variables like cutting speed and feed rate based on actual process conditions. The three main functions of adaptive control are identification, decision, and modification. Adaptive control systems are classified as adaptive control with optimization, which uses a performance index, or adaptive control with constraints, which maximizes variables within set limits. Benefits include increased production and tool life, while limitations include lack of reliable tool sensors and standardized interfaces with CNC units.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) & Manufacturing AutomationSTAY CURIOUS
Manufacturing automation. Automated manufacturing systems operate in the factory on the physical product. They perform operations such as processing, assembly, inspection, or material handling, in some cases accomplishing more than one of these operations in the same system.
The document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding CNC concepts and principles, components of a CNC system, point-to-point and contouring systems, and writing simple CNC milling programs. It then provides introductions to CNC operations, industrial applications including metal machining and forming, CNC axis conventions, and the main sub-units of CNC machines including the machine tool, control unit, and control system.
This document discusses tool geometry and signatures for single point cutting tools. It defines key tool angles such as rake angles, clearance angles, and cutting edge angles. Rake angles are provided for chip flow, while clearance angles avoid rubbing between the tool and workpiece. The document then explains ANSI tool signature standards and defines each element of a signature for a single point tool, including back rake angle, side rake angle, end and side relief angles, end and side cutting edge angles, and nose radius. An example signature of 0-7-6-8-15-16-0.8 is provided.
The document discusses different methods of NC part programming including manual part programming, computer-assisted part programming, manual data input, NC programming using CAD/CAM, and computer automated part programming. It also provides details on punched tape formats, G-codes and M-codes used in NC part programming.
Automatic lathes are machine tools that can machine components automatically through an entire work cycle without operator participation. They are used for high volume production. The machines contain control systems that actuate all tool and workpiece movements in a defined sequence. Automatic lathes are classified based on how they load workpieces, number of spindles, and orientation of spindles. Single spindle automatics include cutoff machines and screw machines. Multi-spindle automatics like parallel action and progressive action machines can machine multiple workpieces simultaneously to greatly increase production rates.
The document provides an introduction and overview of numerical control (NC). It discusses the history of NC from its origins in 1947 to develop repeatable machining. It also covers the basic components of an NC system including the controller, machine tool, programming, and coding. Additional topics include CNC machine types, programming methods, and the advantages of NC automation.
The document provides information on operating and programming a CNC lathe. It includes warnings and cautions for safe operation, machine start and zero procedures, specifications for the machine, descriptions of common G-codes and M-codes used in programs, and examples of G71 and G72 stock removal cycles and a G75 grooving cycle. Safety is emphasized, with warnings to always wear protective equipment, properly clamp workpieces, and follow manufacturer guidelines. Programming and operation details are outlined to correctly home the machine, set work offsets, run simulations, and execute programs.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Nilrajsinh Vasandia on introduction to NC, CNC, and DNC machine tools. The presentation included definitions and components of NC, CNC, and DNC systems. It discussed the differences between NC, CNC, and DNC, covering topics like part program input/storage, program modification, the inclusion of feedback systems, and ability to import CAD files. Motion control systems and programming methods for NC and CNC machines were also outlined.
The document describes milling machine operations. It defines milling, the main components of milling machines, and different types of milling machines including horizontal, vertical, and speciality machines. It also explains various milling techniques such as plain milling, face milling, end milling, and gang milling. Key parts of milling machines like the spindle, table, and arbor are identified. Methods like up milling and down milling are compared.
This document describes the key components and geometry of a single point cutting tool. A single point cutting tool has a shank that fits into the tool holder, a face along which chips slide upwards, and two cutting edges - a side cutting edge and an end cutting edge where material is removed. It also has flank surfaces below the cutting edges and a nose or cutting point where the edges intersect. The document outlines the various angles of a single point cutting tool, including the end cutting edge angle, side cutting edge angle, back rake angle, and relief angles, which are important for tool function. Tool shape is specified using a signature that lists the numerical values of these angles and the nose radius.
The document discusses ultrasonic machining (USM), which uses high-frequency vibrations and an abrasive slurry to erode material. USM can machine hard and brittle materials by using a vibrating tool to drive abrasive particles against the workpiece. The document outlines the principles, components, process parameters, applications, and advantages/disadvantages of USM. It describes how the tool, transducer, abrasives, and other system parts work together to remove material through brittle fracture caused by abrasive particle impacts. Examples are given of complex features that can be machined using USM.
The document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It begins by explaining the history of numerical control, which was developed in the 1950s and used coded instructions to automate machine tools. The development of electronics like microprocessors led to computer-based CNC systems with greater flexibility and precision. CNC machines are now used across many industries to automate machining processes. The document outlines the advantages of CNC machines like higher productivity, quality and accuracy compared to manual machine tools. It provides definitions of CNC and describes the typical components and closed-loop control systems used.
- Mirror image mode can be turned on and off for each axis using G15.1 and G50.1 codes. G51.1 is used to turn mirror image on and specify the mirroring axis and center, while G50.1 turns it off and specifies the axis.
- G68 applies a coordinate rotation to part program coordinates. It specifies the rotation center and angle in degrees. G69 cancels any active rotation.
- G16 enters polar coordinate mode where moves are specified as an radius and angle relative to a temporary center point. G15 exits this mode and returns to Cartesian coordinates.
Tool presetting involves measuring tools offline using a presetting device to determine the tool tip location relative to the spindle. This allows setting tools in advance to reduce unproductive time and increase accuracy. There are manual and automatic methods, with automatic being faster and more precise. Presetting devices measure length and diameter to calculate offsets that are input into the CNC to precisely position the tool. While modern CNCs have reduced the need for presetting, it remains important for high-precision or high-volume production to prevent scrapped parts.
Introduction to CNC machine and Hardware. aman1312
Complete detailing of cnc machine and its operations with its required hardware necessary for increasing its Automation and increasing its manufacturing capability. Also increase in complex shape manufacturing.
The document discusses the history and development of computer numerical control (CNC) machine tools. It traces the evolution from manual machine tools to CNC machines, which are now controlled by programming codes and allow for automated, precise machining. The document also describes the different types of CNC machines and their applications in manufacturing industries like aerospace and automotive.
The document discusses various topics related to manufacturing processes including conventional and non-conventional machining processes, CNC machining, cutting speeds, feeds, tool offsets, programming codes and functions. It provides information on different machine tools, machining centers, transducers and controllers used in manufacturing. Cutting speed and feed rate tables are included for a variety of materials.
This document provides an overview of CNC machines. It discusses that CNC machines use a computer to convert a design into numerical codes that control machine tools to precisely shape materials. The history of CNC machines is explored, from early numerically controlled machines to modern CNCs linked directly to computers. Key parts of CNC machines are described along with their advantages in automating production, improving quality and accuracy, and manufacturing complex designs. Applications and some safety considerations are also summarized.
Non-traditional machining techniques remove material using various energy sources besides traditional cutting tools. They are divided into mechanical, electrical, thermal, and chemical techniques. Non-traditional techniques are needed for hard or complex materials, and can machine intricate shapes and deep holes. Selection depends on the part geometry, material properties, machining capabilities, and cost effectiveness. While more expensive initially than traditional techniques, non-traditional machining offers higher precision, surface finish, and ability to machine difficult materials.
This document discusses adaptive control systems for machining. It defines adaptive control as a feedback system that automatically adjusts machining variables like cutting speed and feed rate based on actual process conditions. The three main functions of adaptive control are identification, decision, and modification. Adaptive control systems are classified as adaptive control with optimization, which uses a performance index, or adaptive control with constraints, which maximizes variables within set limits. Benefits include increased production and tool life, while limitations include lack of reliable tool sensors and standardized interfaces with CNC units.
Computer Numerical Control (CNC) & Manufacturing AutomationSTAY CURIOUS
Manufacturing automation. Automated manufacturing systems operate in the factory on the physical product. They perform operations such as processing, assembly, inspection, or material handling, in some cases accomplishing more than one of these operations in the same system.
The document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It begins by outlining the objectives of understanding CNC concepts and principles, components of a CNC system, point-to-point and contouring systems, and writing simple CNC milling programs. It then provides introductions to CNC operations, industrial applications including metal machining and forming, CNC axis conventions, and the main sub-units of CNC machines including the machine tool, control unit, and control system.
The document provides information on subtractive manufacturing and numerical control processes. It discusses:
1. Material removal processes and numerical control technology including NC, CNC, and DNC systems.
2. The main components of a CNC system including the program input device, machine control unit, and their functions.
3. CNC programming including different formats, codes like G and M codes, and the basic structure of a CNC program with setup, machining, and shutdown sections.
4. Examples of CNC part programs for drilling, milling, and other subtractive operations are provided to illustrate programming concepts.
This document provides an overview of computer numeric control (CNC) lathe machines and their operation. It discusses CAD/CAM software integration and how it is used to create products. The document then explains CNC lathe machines in more detail, including their components like the central processing unit, driving system, feedback devices and display unit. It also discusses programming codes, motion control systems, and machine axes configurations.
The document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) systems. It describes how computer aided design (CAD) is used to create digital models of products, which are then exported to computer aided manufacturing (CAM) systems to plan the manufacturing process. CAM systems assist with all phases of production, from planning to machining to quality control. The document then discusses how numerical control uses coded instructions to automate machine tools, including the different types of numerical control and how computer numerical control works by positioning a computer at the machine tool to directly control its motions.
This 3 sentence summary provides the high level information from the document:
The document is an operation manual for the SDS6 digital readout device made by Guangzhou Lokshun CNC Equipment Ltd. It describes the basic functions of the readout including setting the display resolution, axis directions, machine type, and switching between absolute and relative coordinate systems. The manual also covers functions like presetting values, determining distances, and segmented error compensation.
This document provides information about NC and CNC machines. It discusses the differences between NC and CNC, describing how programs are fed into each type of machine. It also lists and defines common types of machining centers such as horizontal and vertical machining centers. The document then covers the layout and basic operation of turning centers and milling centers. It explains ladder programming and addresses used in ladder diagrams.
This document provides an introduction to G-code programming for computer numerical control (CNC) machining. It reviews coordinate geometry basics, common terminology, and the G and M code programming languages. Examples of G and M code blocks are provided, along with explanations of linear and circular interpolation, absolute and incremental positioning, canned cycles, cutter compensation, and more. The document concludes with examples of complete NC programs for two practice parts.
The document discusses using NX CAM software to generate NC code for machining a die cavity model. It describes setting up the model, defining milling operations and parameters, generating tool paths, and simulating the tool path. Key steps include creating a milling operation, setting tool and cutting parameters, generating depth-first tool paths, and verifying the tool path through simulation. The goal is to produce CNC code to machine the die cavity model.
difference of NC and CNC ,Part programming,Methods of manual part programming,Basic CNC input data,Preparatory Functions ,Miscellaneous Functions,Interpolation:Canned cycles:part programming on component,Tool length compensation,Cutter Radius,Task compensation:Types of media of NC
Ch-11 NC; CNC; DNC; FMS; Automation and Robotics_2.pdfJAYANTKUMAR469151
The document discusses NC/CNC machines and programming. It begins by defining NC and CNC, noting that NC machines used punched tape or cards for control while CNC machines added computers for greater capability. CNC machines allow for canned cycles, sub-programming, cutter compensation and other enhancements over NC. The document then provides a brief history of CNC development and discusses differences in CNC languages. It also covers conversational control, advantages and disadvantages of CNC, and programming concepts like work coordinates, tool compensation, canned cycles and important G and M codes.
CNC machines allow precise and repeatable control in machining through the use of NC programs. The history of CNC began in 1949 when the US Air Force asked MIT to develop a numerically controlled machine. Modern CNC machines use computer control linked directly to the machine controller. NC programs can be generated manually using G-code instructions or automatically using CAD/CAM software. Large NC programs are often run using DNC which "drip feeds" blocks of code from an external computer to the machine controller.
CNC (computer numerical control) machines allow for complex geometries to be machined repeatably with high accuracy through computer-controlled motors and automated tool changes. CNC programming involves using G and M codes to specify tool paths, speeds, and other machining parameters. Common codes include G01 for linear interpolation, G02/G03 for circular interpolation, and M03/M04 to control spindle speed and direction. Proper CNC programming considers factors like coordinate systems, compensation, and machine capabilities for optimal machining results.
CNC (computer numerical control) machines allow for complex geometries to be manufactured automatically with repeatable accuracy. They have advantages over manual machining like easier programming, avoiding human errors, and producing complex geometries as cheaply as simple ones. A CNC machine uses G and M codes in part programs to control tool movement along axes like X, Y, and Z. Proper CNC programming requires understanding concepts like coordinate systems, units, feed rates, spindle speeds, and tooling.
CNC machining allows for the economical production of complex geometries with repeatable accuracy. It provides advantages over manual machining like easier programming, storage of programs, avoiding human errors, and safer operation. A CNC machine typically has three linear axes (X, Y, Z) and can add additional rotary axes. Programming involves using G and M codes to specify functions like tool movements, feed rates, spindle speeds, and coolant/lubricant controls. Proper programming considers factors like interpolation types, tool compensations, and machine-specific features.
CNC machining allows for the economical production of complex geometries with repeatable accuracy. It provides advantages over manual machining like easier programming, storage of programs, avoidance of human errors, and safer operation. A CNC machine typically has three linear axes (X, Y, Z) and can add additional rotary axes. Programming involves using G and M codes to specify functions like tool movements, feed rates, spindle speeds, and coolant control. Proper programming considers factors like interpolation types, tool compensations, and machine features.
CNC (computer numerical control) machines allow for complex geometries to be manufactured automatically with repeatable accuracy. They have advantages over manual machining like easier programming, avoiding human errors, and producing complex geometries as cheaply as simple ones. A CNC machine uses G and M codes in part programs to control tool movement along X, Y, and Z axes and functions like spindle speed and coolant. Proper CNC programming considers factors like coordinate systems, compensation, and machine features to optimize operations.
CNC programming (Computer Numerical Control Programming) is utilized by manufacturers to create program instructions for computers to control a machine tool. CNC is highly involved in the manufacturing process and improves automation as well as flexibility.
CNC machines allow for complex geometries to be machined repeatably and accurately through computerized control of cutting tools. They have advantages over manual machining like easier programming, avoiding human errors, and producing complex and simple geometries with equal ease. CNC machines move tools or workpieces along linear axes, with typical machines having X, Y, and Z axes. Programming involves specifying coordinates, cutting parameters, and coded instructions to direct the machine's motions.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
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General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
1. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
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DDEEPPAARRTTMMEENNTT OOFF MMEECCHHAANNIICCAALL EENNGGIINNEEEERRIINNGG
CCNNCC LLAABB MMAANNUUAALL
BBYY--SS..DD..PPAATTIILL LLEECCTT..
2. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN
Numerical control NC machine is a form of programmable automation in which
the processing equipment is control by means of numbers, letters and other
symbols are coded in an appropriate format.
1.2 Co-ordinate system
Using an NC drill press as an example, the drill spindle is in a fixed horizontal
position, and the table is more relative to the spindle. However to make things
easier for the part programme is adopted that the work piece is stationary while
the tool is moved related to it. accordingly the NC co-ordinate is defined with
respect to the machine tool table.
Two axis, X & Y, are defined in the plane of the table, as shown in figure 2. The
Z axis is perpendicular the plane and movement in the Z direction is controlled
by the vertical motion of the spindle. The positive & negative direction of
motion of tool relative to the table along these axes are shown in fig2.
NC drill process are classified as either two – axis of three – axis machines
depending on whether or not they have the capability to control the Z axis.
A NC milling machine & similar machine tool (boring mill, for e. g) use an axis
system similar to that of the drill press. However, in addition to the three linear
axes, these machines may possess the capacity to control one or more rotation
axis. Three rotational axes are defined in NC: a, b, &c axes. These axes use to
specify angles about the X, Y & z axes, respectively. To distinguish positive
&negative angular motions, the “right – hand – rule” can be used. Using the
right hand with the thumb pointing in the positive linear axes direction (X, Y or
Z), the figures of the hand are curled to point in the positive rotational direction.
This is illustrated in figure 2.
3. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
FIG 2: MACHINE TOOL COORDINATE SYSTEM FOR NC
FIG 3: X & Z AXEA FOR TURNING
For turning operations, two axes are normally all that are require to command
the movement of the tool relative to the rotating work piece. The Z – axis is the
axis of rotation of the work part, and x –axis defines the radial location of the
cutting tool. This arrangement is illustrated in fig 3.
4. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
1.3 Dimensioning system
There are two types of dimensioning systems used in CNC programming-
1. Absolute Dimensioning system
2. Incremental dimensioning system
Absolute Dimensioning system
It is most commonly used method of dimensioning for drawing of part
production on CNC Machines in this system all dimension are taken from
a single point called a Datum Point or Origin which is denoted by the
preparatory functions G90.
x-axis
y
a
x
i
s
22,66
datum(0,0)
49,63
85,97
hole1
hole2 hole3
44,94
70,34
58,23
This method has advantage that if a hole 2 in the above figure is put in
wrong location hole 3 would be not affected this reason helps for using of
absolute system than Incremental dimensioning system.
5. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
Incremental dimensioning system.
Incremental Dimensioning the measurement is taken from hole to
take this method is different form absolute dimensioning system this system
gives advantages for machining a complicated pocket or recess and is denoted
by the Preparatory Function G91
x-axis
y
a
x
i
s
datum(0,0)
22,66 26,96 36,34 14,03
25,4
12,11
44,94
Note:-Proper care should be taken when using Incremental Dimensioning
because hole will be Increases positional.
6. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
1.5 Preparatory functions (G-codes)
SSLL.. NNOO GG--CCOODDEE DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
1 G00 Rapid Traverse
2 G01 Linear Traverse
3 G02 Circular Interpolation (Clock Wise)
4 G03 Circular Interpolation( Counter Clock Wise)
5 G04 Dwell
6 G20 Inch Data Input
7 G21 Metric Data Input
8 G28 Reference Point Return
9 G70 Finishing Cycle
10 G71 Stock Removal In Turning
11
G72 Stock Removal in Facing
12
G73 Pattern Repeating
7. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
13 G74 Peck Drilling in Z-Axis
14 G75 Grooving in X-Axis
15 G76 Thread Cutting Cycle
16 G90 Inner or Outer Diameter Cutting
17 G98 Feed Per Minute
19 G99 Feed Per Revolution
20 G94/98 Feed Per Minute
21 G95/99 Feed Per Revolution
8. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
MMIISSCCEELLLLAANNEEOOUUSS FFUUNNCCTTIIOONN (( MM CCOODDEESS ))
M codes are instructions describing miscellaneous functions like calling the
tool, spindle rotation, coolant on etc.
SL. NO M-CODES DESCRIPTION
1
M01 Optional Stop
2 M02 Program Reset
3 M03 Spindle On Clock Wise
4 M04 Spindle On Counter Clock Wise
5 M05 Spindle Stop
6 M06 Auto Tool Change
7 M08 Coolant On
8 M09 Coolant Off
9 M10 Chuck Open
10 M11 Chuck Close
11 M30 Program End and Reset
9. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
A part program consists of number of block in which each as information about
the sequence number type of machining counter or any other preparatory
function, dimensions the coordinates spindle, rpm, feed rate, spindle direction,
tool change, sub program call, sub program end etc.
Eg:- Block: N050 G01 X25 Z-10 F60 S2000
The letter and number which follows it are referring as a „word‟. Eg: X25 F60
etc. are words. The first letter of the word is called as „word addresses. This
type of format is called „word addresses format‟ in which word addresses are
denoted as follows.
N: Sequence number
T: Tool number word
F: Feed function word
S: Spindle speed function
X, Y, Z: Dimensional words
G: Preparatory function word
1.7 Control system & their standards [ISO & EIA]
The primary function of the CNC system is control of the machine tool. This
involves conversion of the part program instructions into machine tool motions
through the computer interface and servo system.
10. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
1.8 Programming methodology.
PROGRAM
Program is the series of instruction statements containing the contents of works
written in conformity with the rule according to the processing schedule.
A program is necessary when operating the CNC machine tool. It is specified by
input an alphabet and numerals succeeding to it.
Suppose if we have to machining a component as shown, starting from a point
„a‟ passing through points „b‟, „c‟, „d‟, „e‟, „f‟ and ending at point „a‟, the
program is as follows:
PPRROOGGRRAAMM DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
04567 Program Number
N1 (Finishing); Sequence no. and corresponding operation
G92/G50 S3000; Limiting maximum spindle speed
G00 T0404; Selecting turret station no.4
G96 S200 M03; Rotating spindle clockwise at 200 mm/rev
G00 X70. Z1. ; Rapid approaching up to point „b‟
G01 Z-20. F0.2 ; Cutting up to point „c‟ at feed 0.2mm/rev
X90. ; Cutting up to point„d‟
Z-75. ; Cutting up to point „e‟
X150. Cutting up to point „f‟
G00 X200. Z120. ; Rapid returning to point „a‟
M01; Optional stop
M30; Advising end of program.
11. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
1.9 Work pieces, job zero, tool zero, and reference zero tool
magazines
Job Zero or Program Zero or Part Origin:-
The part origin is the zero point from which all the part program
dimensions were created.
Tool zero or Tool change position or Machining Origin
The tool change position is a safe location that the machine return to
when indexing to a new tool.
Reference zero or Machine Zero
The reference zero point is the point at which all the axes are zeroed
out this point is generally set by the manufacture
12. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
MILLING OPERATIONS
G –CODES FOR MILLING OPERATION
SL. NO G- CODES FUNCTION
1 G00 Rapid Traverse
2 G01 Linear Traverse
3 G02 Circular Interpolation (CW)
4 G03 Circular Interpolation (CCW)
5 G04 Dwell
6 G20 Inch Unit
7 G21 Metric Unit
8 G28 Automatic Zero Return
9
G80 Canned Cycle Cancel
10
G81 Drilling Cycle
11
G83 Peck Drilling Cycle/ Deep Drill
13. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
12
G86
Boring Cycle
13 G90 Absolute Command
14 G91 Incremental Command
15 G94 Feed/Min
16 G95 Feed/Rev
17 G98 Return To Initial Point In Canned Cycle
18 G99 Return R Point In Canned Cycle
M –CODES FOR MILLING OPERATION
SL.NO M-CODES FUNCTION
1 M00 Optional Program Stop Automatic
2 M01 Optional Program Stop Request
3 M02 Program End
4
M03 Spindle On Clock Wise(CW)
5 M04 Spindle On Counter Clock Wise(CCW)
14. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
6 M05 Spindle Stop
7 M06 Tool Change
9 M08 Coolant On
10 M09 Coolant Off
12 M30 End Of Program, Reset To Start
13 M98 Sub Program Call
14
M99
Sub Program End/Return
15
M70 X-Mirror On
16
M71 Y-Mirror On
17
M80 X-Mirror OFF
18
M81 Y-Mirror OFF
15. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
EXERCISES
TURNING PROGRAMS
PROGRAM -01 SIMPLE TURNING
25
15
[BILLET X25 Z30
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G00 X25 Z2
G90 X25 Z-15
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
16. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
PROGRAM -02 STEP TURNING
25
15
15
[BILLET X25 Z30
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G00 X25 Z2
G90 X25 Z-15
G90 X24 Z-15
G90 X23 Z-15
G90 X22 Z-15
G90 X21 Z-15
G90 X20 Z-15
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
43. B.L.D.E.A’S S S M POLYTECHNIC, VIJAYAPUR CNC LAB MANUAL
Compiled By S.D.PATIL Mechanical Department
VVIIVVAA QQUUEESSTTIIOONNSS
1. What are G code and M code
2. How we write the format a program
3. How we fix a length of the tool for part program
4. What are the typical error found in NC program
5. How we verify the program procedure
6. Which G code is used for Tool nose radius
7. Which G code is used for Thread cutting
8. Which G code is used for Turning cycle
9. Which G code is used for Multiphase Turning cycle
10. Which G code is used for Axial drilling cycle
11. Which G code is used for Grooving cycle
12. What are the steps to be followed while programming
13. Which G code is used for Drilling and for different drills
14. Which are the basic tools used in part programming
15. Which are the different M codes used
16. Which are the G codes used for Boring cycle
17. When we use subprogram
18 Which are the G code used for Finishing cycle
19. What are P,Q,U,V,W,F used in program
20. Abbreviation of FANUC
21. Theoretical how do you find taper length.