This document discusses different ways to measure poverty, including income-based measures and measures of access to basic needs. It provides poverty line figures for the National Capital Region and Philippines from 2006-2008 based on income. Approximately 33% of Filipinos and 27% of families were considered poor in 2006 based on official income poverty lines. The document also examines self-rated poverty measures, deprivation of basic needs like education and health access, and quality of life measures like life expectancy and education test scores to analyze poverty in the Philippines. Inequality in land and asset distribution as well as inflation are discussed as potential causes of poverty.

1. Measuring PovertyLeland Joseph R. Dela CruzDevelopment Studies ProgramAteneo de Manila UniversityAlternative Class ProgramJanuary 22, 2010

2. Alternative questions for measuring povertyHow much income do you make?How much income do you make relative to what others make?Do you consider yourself poor?Do you have access to basic needs?What is the quality of life you are able to lead?

3. Poverty as Lack of IncomeHow much income do you make?

4. Test your knowledge!How much should a family of 5 persons be earning per month to be considered non-poor? What percent of the Philippine population is considered poor?

5. When is a person considered poor? A poor person is someone who earns income below the official poverty line or poverty threshold.The poverty line measures the income needed to obtain basic and non-basic needs for one year.

6. How does the government compute for the poverty line?The government constructs a menu per region that satisfies basic nutritional requirements. The government computes for the cost of that menu. (ex. P43)The government computes for the proportion of income that is budgeted for food using survey data. (ex. 66%)The figure obtained in #1 is divided by the figure obtained in #2. (ex. P43 / 66% = P65)

7. What is the NCR poverty line (2008)? NSCBP24,000.00Individual/ year*P2,000.00Individual/ month*P65.76Individual/ day*P120,000.00Family/ year*P10,000.00Family/ monthP328.77Family/ day**Unofficial, self-computed

8. What is the Philippine poverty line (2006)? NSCBP15,057.57Individual/ year NSCBP1,254.80Individual/ month*P41.26Individual/ day*P75,287.85Family/ year*P6,273.99Family/ month*P206.29Family/ day**Unofficial, self-computed

9. Poverty incidence 2006, NSCB32.9% or 27.6 million Filipinos are poor. 32.9% of Filipinos earn less than P15,057.57 a year (Y36,557), P1,254.80 a month (Y3,046) and P41.26 a day (Y100.15).26.9% or 4.6 million Filipino families are poor.26.9% of families earn less than P75,287.85 a year (Y182,705), P6,273.99 a month (Y15,232.08) and P206.29 a day (Y500.78).

10. Poorest Provinces (2006) NSCB

11. Least Poor Provinces (2006) NSCB

12. Poverty trends NSCB

13. Philippine Poverty Incidence: Families (Percentage) NSCB4540353025%20151050198819911994199720002003

14. Philippine Poverty Incidence: Individuals (Percentage) NSCB60504030%20100198819911994199720002003

15. Philippine GNP Growth Rate (%)NEDA Economic Indicators Online

16. Relative PovertyHow much income do you make relative to what others make?

17. Income Distribution 2006,NSO

18. Average family income, expenditures and savings per decile 2006, NSO

19. Income Distribution

20. Income Distribution

21. Self-Rated PovertyDo you consider yourself poor?

22. Self-Rated Poverty SWS

23. Self-Rated Poverty Pulse-Asia

24. Self-Rated Poverty Pulse-Asia

25. Summary

26. Basic Needs DeprivationDo you have access to basic needs?

27. Self-Rated Hunger SWS

28. Access to basic needs NSCB

29. Inadequacies at the Elementary LevelSource: Basic Education Information System, DepEd

30. Inadequacies at theSecondary LevelSource: Basic Education Information System, DepEd

31. Health Personnel by LocationSource: Dr. Merceditas Santos-Tuano, former Executive Director, Healthdev Institute

32. Child Delivery Attendants (2003,NDHS)

33. Child Delivery Attendants by Income Quintiles (2003,NDHS)

34. Location of Child Delivery (2003,NDHS)

35. Location of Child Delivery by Income Quintile (2003,NDHS)

36. Quality of Life DeprivationWhat is the quality of life you are able to lead?

37. National Achievement Test ScoresElementary Average: 59.94%High School Average: 46.64%Source: Basic Education Information System, DepEd

38. Third International Math and Science SurveyGrade 4 Test: Philippines ranked 3rd lowest among 25 countries (Japan ranked 3rd highest behind Singapore and Hong Kong)Grade 8 Test: Philippines ranked 6th lowest among 45 countries (Japan ranked 5th highest behind Singapore, Korea, Hong Kong and Taiwan)

39. Female Life Expectancy2000, PSY

40. Male Life Expectancy2000, PSY

41. Life Expectancy2004, PSY

42. Infant Mortality Rateper 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY

43. Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY

44. Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY

45. Infant Mortality Rate per 1,000 deliveries; 2000, PSY

46. Maternal Mortality Rateper 100,000 live births; 1996-2000, PSY

47. Maternal Mortality Rateper 100,000 live births; 1995, PSY

48. Human Development IndexIncome per capitaHealthLife ExpectancyEducationMean Years of SchoolingLiteracy Rate

49. Human Development Index UNDP 2004

50. Human Development Index UNDP 2004

51. Human Poverty Index UNDP 2004Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40.Adult illiteracy rate.Population without access to an improved water source.Children underweight for age.

52. Human Poverty Index UNDP 2004

53. Alternative questions for measuring povertyHow much income do you make?How much income do you have relative to others?Do you consider yourself poor?Do you have access to basic needs?What is the quality of life you are able to lead?

54. Poverty beyond measurementPoverty as the inability to handle risks Poverty as powerlessnessPoverty as social exclusion

55. Outline of the PresentationPoverty MeasurementsCauses of PovertyInequalityInflationWeak Human CapitalAbsence of Employment OpportunitiesWeak Agricultural SectorPoor Governance

56. Unequal Asset Distribution: Land Distribution50% of land area449 Landowners*30 Landowners*50% of land area*Ratio and proportion, assumes there are only 479 landowners in the country (based on 1991 Census of Agriculture)

57. Land Distribution50% of land area449 Landowners25% of land area29 Landowners1 Landowner25% of land area*Ratio and proportion, assumes there are only 479 landowners in the country (based on 1991 Census of Agriculture)

58. Inflation: Rice Prices, 2008

59. Measuring PovertyLeland Joseph R. Dela CruzDevelopment Studies Programslideshare.net/ldelacruz